Download or read book Switzerland and South Africa 1948 1994 written by Georg Kreis and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2007 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While other states imposed economic sanctions on the apartheid regime of South Africa, Swiss authorities long adhered to the position that South Africa is a state like any other. Swiss big business corporations saw an attractive trade partner in South Africa; in part, they also profited from the boycotts of others. Additionally, some political forces sympathised openly with the regime in Pretoria. Encouraged by the debate concerning Swiss policy and activity during the Second World War, in 1997 the order was given to initiate a historical study of Swiss behaviour towards the apartheid regime. Thus this report, commissioned by the Swiss parliament and the Federal Council, and passed over to the Swiss National Science Foundation for execution, came into being. It unites the results of ten different research projects. The report identifies the most important players involved in fashioning relations with South Africa, it explains the legal situation in which these persons acted, and it describes the thought processes that led to the actions. The longest chapter deals with the attitudes and the areas of activity in the economic sector. Here the trade with loans, gold, diamonds and war materials is paramount. Other chapters are concerned with questions that are not primarily economic in nature, such as political declarations, the illusion of being in the role of a mediator, contacts in sports and culture, and, after 1986, the beginning of support for the black majority.
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computer Science Theory and Applications written by Fedor V. Fomin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-24 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Computer Science Symposium in Russia, CSR 2018, held in Moscow, Russia, in May 2018. The 24 full papers presented together with 7 invited lectures were carefully reviewed and selected from 42 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics such as algorithms and data structures; combinatorial optimization; constraint solving; computational complexity; cryptography; combinatorics in computer science; formal languages and automata; algorithms for concurrent and distributed systems; networks; and proof theory and applications of logic to computer science.
Download or read book Intelligence Crises and Security written by Len Scott and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays by leading experts seeks to explore what lessons for the exploitation and management of secret intelligence might be drawn from a variety of case studies ranging from the 1920s to the ‘War on Terror’. Long regarded as the ‘missing dimension’ of international history and politics, public and academic interest in the role of secret intelligence has continued to grow in recent years, not least as a result of controversy surrounding the terrorist attacks on the United States on September 11 2001. Intelligence, Crises and Security addresses a range of themes including: crisis management, covert diplomacy, intelligence tradecraft, counterterrorism, intelligence ‘overload’, intelligence in relation to neutral states, deception, and signals intelligence. The work breaks new ground in relation to numerous key international episodes and events, not least as a result of fresh disclosures from government archives across the world. This book was previously published as a special issue of Intelligence and National Security.
Download or read book Handbook on Radiation Probing Gauging Imaging and Analysis written by E.M. Hussein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-05-31 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a comprehensive four-part handbook that covers all aspects of non-destructive evaluation with charged-particles, photons and neutrons. The basics of radiation are covered in Part I, which includes: sources, modifying (interaction) physics, detection and safety. Part II discusses the techniques of transmission, scattering, emission and absorption. Part III presents the application of these techniques for probing, gauging, elemental-analysis and imaging. Examples of applications in a wide variety of industrial fields are also given. These are classified by application area in a special index. Part IV addresses design aspects, such as choosing the proper radiation source, detector and technique; addressing experimental and calculation problems; and dealing with licensing and intellectual property issues. This book provides students, engineers, industrial physicists, and experts in the field with an inclusive source of streamlined information. Researchers and instrument developers will find an extensive list of references and helpful suggestions for tackling problems and challenges.
Download or read book Security Governance and State Fragility in South Africa written by Edward L. Mienie and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do existing measures of state fragility measure fragility accurately? Based on commonly used fragility measures, South Africa (SA) is classified as a relatively stable state, yet rising violent crime, high unemployment, endemic poverty, eroding public trust, identity group based preferential treatment policies, and the rapid rise of the private security sector are all indications that SA may be suffering from latent state fragility. Based on a comprehensive view of security, this study examines the extent to which measures of political legitimacy and good governance, effectiveness in the security system – especially with respect to the police system – and mounting economic challenges may be undermining the stability of SA in ways undetected by commonly used measures of state fragility. Using a mixed-methods approach based on quantitative secondary data analysis and semi-structured interviews with government officials, security practitioners, and leading experts in the field, this study finds that the combination of colonization, apartheid, liberation struggle, transition from autocracy to democracy, high levels of direct and structural violence, stagnating social, political, and economic developments make South Africa a latently fragile state. Conceptually, the results of this research call into question the validity of commonly used measures of state fragility and suggest the need for a more comprehensive approach to assessing state fragility. Practically, this study offers a number of concrete policy recommendations for how South Africa may address mounting levels of latent state fragility.
Download or read book Adapting to European Integration written by Kenneth Hanf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adapting to European Integration describes how the political institutions in eight small member states and two non-members responded to the internal and external demands springing from the process of European integration in general and EC/EU membership in particular. The study makes a distinction between governmental/administrative adaptation, political adaptation and strategic adaptation. The chapters focus, in the first instance, on the governmental/administrative responses at the level of central government, the organisational adjustments and the changes in institutional capacity to meet the new challenges. The authors also look at the willingness of the political decision-makers to internalise the EC/EU dimension in domestic policy making and the way in which the country's own history as well as the attitude towards European integration facilitate or hinder adaptation and change.
Download or read book Expert Systems written by Cornelius T. Leondes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-09-26 with total page 2125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This six-volume set presents cutting-edge advances and applications of expert systems. Because expert systems combine the expertise of engineers, computer scientists, and computer programmers, each group will benefit from buying this important reference work. An "expert system" is a knowledge-based computer system that emulates the decision-making ability of a human expert. The primary role of the expert system is to perform appropriate functions under the close supervision of the human, whose work is supported by that expert system. In the reverse, this same expert system can monitor and double check the human in the performance of a task. Human-computer interaction in our highly complex world requires the development of a wide array of expert systems. Expert systems techniques and applications are presented for a diverse array of topics including Experimental design and decision support The integration of machine learning with knowledge acquisition for the design of expert systems Process planning in design and manufacturing systems and process control applications Knowledge discovery in large-scale knowledge bases Robotic systems Geograhphic information systems Image analysis, recognition and interpretation Cellular automata methods for pattern recognition Real-time fault tolerant control systems CAD-based vision systems in pattern matching processes Financial systems Agricultural applications Medical diagnosis
Download or read book Volcanoes and the Environment written by Joan Marti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Download or read book Lawmaking by Initiative written by Philip L. Dubois and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the history of the initiative process and the major issues that have arisen during its increasing use in recent years. By elucidating the problems that have arisen and their possible solutions, the authors seek both to inform the debate about the wisdom of the initiative and to offer suggestions for improvement to jurisdictions that choose to use the process. With the aid of more than 40 charts and tables, the authors compare the major features of the initiative in the American jurisdictions that have adopted the procedure-24 states and the District of Columbia. They draw particularly on the experience in California, the most frequent U.S. user of the initiative and a major battleground in the development of ideas about the process. The book also discusses the use of the initiative in other countries, particularly Switzerland, where the process originated and the only other major country in the world that makes extensive use of the initiative today.
Download or read book Language Policy and Planning in the Mediterranean World written by Marilena Karyolemou and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language Policy and Planning in the Mediterranean World is a collection of the best papers presented at the MedLPLP conference held at the University of Cyprus in 2009, enriched with invited contributions on the same topic. The book presents a panorama of situations with countries such as France, Germany, Cyprus, Malta, Italy, Spain, Poland, Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, Romania and Serbia. It explores various aspects of the weight and ecology of the Mediterranean languages, discusses LPP in the light of international law and the protection of human rights, bilingual education and foreign language acquisition policies. It also addresses the issue of feminization in a broad range of Mediterranean languages comparing French, Italian, Spanish, and, for the first time, Standard and Cypriot Greek. Finally, the book also discusses language revival and renovation policies, language planning in the public space, as well as cases of micro-language management. The volume is an excellent source of information for scholars and students of LPP interested in the synchrony and diachrony of Mediterranean languages, in aspects of LPP activity in various Mediterranean countries and in specific LPP processes involving several languages within the area.
Download or read book Responding to Money Laundering written by Ernesto Ugo Savona and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent and Trademark Office written by United States. Patent and Trademark Office and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book F S Index Europe Annual written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tyretech 94 Conference written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Matrices Moments and Quadrature with Applications written by Gene H. Golub and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-07 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This computationally oriented book describes and explains the mathematical relationships among matrices, moments, orthogonal polynomials, quadrature rules, and the Lanczos and conjugate gradient algorithms. The book bridges different mathematical areas to obtain algorithms to estimate bilinear forms involving two vectors and a function of the matrix. The first part of the book provides the necessary mathematical background and explains the theory. The second part describes the applications and gives numerical examples of the algorithms and techniques developed in the first part. Applications addressed in the book include computing elements of functions of matrices; obtaining estimates of the error norm in iterative methods for solving linear systems and computing parameters in least squares and total least squares; and solving ill-posed problems using Tikhonov regularization. This book will interest researchers in numerical linear algebra and matrix computations, as well as scientists and engineers working on problems involving computation of bilinear forms.
Download or read book International Arbitration in Latin America written by Gloria M. Alvarez and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-04-08 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy projects in Latin America are a major contributor to economic growth worldwide. This book is the first to offer a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of specific issues arising from energy and natural resources contracts and disputes in the region, covering a wide range of procedural, substantive, and socio-legal issues. The book also includes how states have shifted from passive business partners to more active controlling players. The book contains an extensive treatment and examination of the particularities of arbitration practice in Latin America, including arbitrability, public order, enforcement, and the complex public-private nature of energy transactions. Specialists experienced in resolving international energy and natural disputes throughout the region provide detailed analysis of such issues and topics, including: state-owned entities as co-investors or contracting parties; role of environmental law, indigenous rights and public participation; issues related to political changes, corruption, and quantification of damages; climate change, renewable energy, and the energy transition; force majeure, hardship, and price reopeners; arbitration in the electricity sector; take-or-pay contracts; recognition and enforcement of awards; tension between stabilization clauses and human rights; mediation as a method for dispute settlement in the energy and natural resources sector; and different comparative approaches taken by national courts in key Latin American jurisdictions. The book also delivers a clear explanation on the impact made to the arbitration process by Covid-19, emerging laws, changes of political circumstances, the economic global trends in the oil & gas market, the energy transition, and the rise of new technologies. This invaluable book will be welcomed by in-house lawyers, government officials, as well as academics and rest of the arbitration community involved in international arbitration with particular interest in the energy and natural resources sector.
