Download or read book Sustaining Myanmar s microfinance sector during the COVID 19 economic crisis to support food security resilience and economic recovery written by Toth, Russell and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-04-24 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This note discusses the significant risks facing microfinance institutions (MFI) in Myanmar in the wake of the COVID-19 health and economic crisis and the implications for poverty and food insecurity of a serious negative shock to the MFI sector. The note is based on a desk review of the early policy responses in Myanmar, of best practices identified by international and local experts, and online discussions with leaders of MFIs operating in Myanmar. The objective is to make policymakers aware of the crucial role MFIs play in a wide range of economic activities in Myanmar, including food production, processing, trade, and marketing. A serious disruption to the MFI sector has the potential to: • Exacerbate food insecurity through damaging economic resilience in the short-to-medium term, • Lower agricultural output in the critical upcoming monsoon production season, and • Harm the potential for microfinance to contribute to economic recovery.
Download or read book Sustaining Myanmar s microfinance sector during the COVID 19 economic crisis to support food security resilience and economic recovery in Burmese written by Toth, Russell and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-05-01 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ဤစာတမ်းငယ်သည် Covid-19 ကျန်းမာေရး�ှင်စီးပွားေရးအကျပ်အတည်းေ�ကာင ့ ် ြမန်မာ�ိုင်ငံ�ှိ အေသးစား ့ ေငွေရး ေ�ကးေရးအဖွဲ�အစည်းများ ရင်ဆိုင်ေနရေသာ �ကီးမားသည့် စွန်စားရမ�များ၊ ့ အေသးစား ေငွေရးေ�ကးေရးက�ကို �ုတ်တရက် �ိုက်ခတ်လာသည့် ြပင်းထန်ေသာ ထိခိုက်မ�များ၏ ဆင်းရဲမွဲေတမ��ှင် စားနပ်ရိက�ာမလံုေလာက်မ�တို ့ ့ အေပါ် သက်ေရာက်မ�များကို ေဆွးေ�ွးတင်ြပြခင်း ြဖစ်ပါသည်။ ဤစာတမ်းငယ်ကို ြမန်မာ�ိုင်ငံ၏ ယခင်မူဝါဒဆိုင်ရာ တံုြပန်မ�များ၊ �ိုင်ငံ ့ တကာ�ှင့် ြပည်တွင်းမှ ပညာ�ှင်များမှ ေဖာ်ထုတ်ထားေသာ အေကာင်းဆံုး လုပ်ထံုးလုပ်နည်းများ�ှင် ြမန်မာ�ိုင်ငံမှ အေသးစားေငွ ့ ေရးေ�ကးေရးလုပ်ငန်းများ၏ ဦးေဆာင်သူများ�ှင် ့ အွန်လိုင်းမှေဆွးေ�ွးမ�များကို အေြခခံ ေရးသားထားပါသည်။ ဤစာတမ်းငယ်၏ ရည်ရွယ်ချက်မှာ စားသာက်ကုန်ထုတ်လုပ်ြခင်း၊ ကုန်သွယ်ြခင်း�ှင့် ေရာင်းချြခင်းများအပါအဝင် ြမန်မာ�ိုင်ငံ၏ စီးပွား ေရးလုပ်ငန်းများစွာတွင် အေသးစားေငွေရးေ�ကးေရး လုပ်ငန်းများ၏ အေရးပါမ�ကို မူဝါဒချမှတ်သူများ သတိထားမိေစရန် ြဖစ်ပါသည်။ အေသးစား ေငွေရးေ�ကးေရးလုပ်ငန်းအဖွဲ�အစည်း များ �ပိုကွဲပျက်ဆီးမ�သည်- • စီးပွားေရး �ကံ့�ကံ့ခံ�ိုင်ရည်�ှိမ�ကို ထိခိုက်ြခင်းအားြဖင် ကာလတို ့ -ကာလလတ်တွင် စားနပ်ရိက�ာ ဖူလံုမ�ကို ပိုမိုဆိုးဝါးေစြခင်း • အေရး�ကီးေသာ လာမည့်မိုးရာသီ စိုက်ပျိုးထုတ်လုပ်ချိန်တွင် စိုက်ပျိုးေရးထုတ်ကုန်များ ေလျာနည်း ့ ေစြခင်း၊ • စီးပွားေရးြပန်လည်ထူ ေထာင်ရန် အေသးစားေငွေရးေ�ကးေရးလုပ်ငန်းများမှ အေထာက်အကူေပး�ိုင် သည့် အလားအလာကို ထိခိုက်ေစြခင်းများ ြဖစ်ေစ�ိုင်ပါသည်။
Download or read book Sustaining Myanmar s Microfinance Sector During the COVID 19 Economic Crisis to Support Food Security Resilience and Economic Recovery written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Myanmar s microfinance sector agriculture and COVID 19 Emerging insights and new challenges written by Myanmar SSP Working Paper and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Working Paper takes comprehensive stock of the impacts of the first two waves of COVID-19 (in Q2 and Q4 2020) on the microfinance sector in Myanmar. We discuss potential impact pathways, review policy responses to the crisis, and present new quantitative analysis based on a set of surveys with respondents throughout the agricultural value chain. Additionally, we briefly review impacts since the military takeover on February 1, 2021. Overall, various disruptions to the microfinance sector, particularly during peak periods of COVID-19, significantly reduced overall lending from April 2020, onward. These disruptions, along with disruptions to external financing, led to greater informal borrowing, likely greater indebtedness, and lower food security. However, policy responses and financing accommodations to microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Q2 and Q3 2020 cushioned the sector against widespread insolvency. The events since the military takeover are creating new challenges, exacerbating the aforementioned impacts, and raising new risks of MFI insolvency and broader crises around food security, indebtedness, and poverty. Considering these findings, stakeholder recommendations underscore the importance of easing the movement of international and domestic goods. Efforts should be focused on meeting the MFIs’ need for loanable funds through mechanisms such as exchange rate hedging, credit guarantees, and loan enhancement, while continuing to encourage flexibility around existing financing. When the time comes for a full recovery, there should be a focus on facilitating additional financial injections so that MFIs can more effectively restart lending operations.
Download or read book Beyond emergency relief What will it take to ensure a resilient recovery for agriculture and the rural economy of Myanmar written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent history of rural economic transformation in Myanmar and the effects of COVID-19 and the military coup in February 2021 provide important lessons for the design and implementation of plans to help the country recover from these scourges. The impoverishment of farming communities in Myanmar during decades of socialist military rule, beginning in the 1960s until the turn of the century, led to an outflux of migrants to neighboring countries. As the country opened up to foreign investment through economic reforms initiated in 2011, rural wages surged and farm mechanization services expanded rapidly. Together with increased remittance flows from migrants, higher rural household incomes drove growth in a wide range of non-farm service enterprises. Nevertheless, agricultural growth was low and most crop subsectors stagnated due to underlying and unresolved structural constraints such as poor infrastructure and inequality in land access. As in many other countries in Asia, border closures and lockdowns instituted to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in early 2020 resulted in widespread employment and income losses. The Myanmar government pro-actively sought to mitigate the impacts through expanded credit to farmers and businesses. By the end of 2020, Myanmar was beginning to recover from the economic stresses of COVID-19. However, the February 2021 military coup resulted in a far more severe economic downturn than COVID-19 due to the collapse of the financial system, the massive resignations by public sector employees, and the prolonged movement restrictions. Coup-induced state failure greatly magnified the health and economic consequences of COVID-19 in terms of poverty, food insecurity, and stalled economic transformation. This paper uses a combination of macro, meso, and micro-level analyses to measure the impacts of COVID-19 and state failure on rural economic transformation through the lens of the agri-food system, and to draw lessons for policies to support broad-based and resilient economic recovery.
Download or read book Assessing the impacts of COVID 19 on Myanmar s economy A Social Accounting Matrix SAM multiplier approach written by Diao, Xinshen and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measures taken by the Government of Myanmar to contain the transmission of COVID-19 are a necessary and appropriate response. In-depth analysis of measures of this magnitude on firms, households, government, and the economy as a whole is key to the design of policy interventions that can mitigate the economic losses and support a sustained and robust recovery. The economic losses to Myanmar’s economy in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic will be huge – a drop in production on the order of between 6.4 and 9.0 trillion Kyat – and likely will push the economy into a recession or lead to stagnant growth, at best, for the year. Although lockdown policies provide exemptions for most agricultural activities, linkages to other sectors indirectly affect the agri-food sector significantly. The agricultural sector is expected to contract by between 1.1 and 2.4 percent in 2020, and recovery will be slow. Closure of factories will have a large negative economic impact due to the strong linkage effects between manufacturing and upstream primary agriculture and downstream marketing services. Reopening the manufacturing sector is crucial for economic recovery in Myanmar.
Download or read book Myanmar s poverty and food insecurity crisis Support to agriculture and food assistance is urgently needed to preserve a foundation for recovery written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National poverty rates in Myanmar have risen dramatically due to economic disruption following the February 1, 2021 military take-over of government. Depending on assumptions about the scale of the economic impacts, household poverty rates are predicted to have risen to between 40 and 50 percent in 2021, compared to 32 percent in 2015 and just under 25 percent in 2017. Between 849,000 and 1.87 million new households are thus living in poverty in 2021 in addition to the estimated 2.86 million households already in poverty in 2015. The poverty impacts of these disruptions are significant not only in the sharp increases in the total number of households in poverty, but also in the substantial deepening of poverty for households that were already poor. By the end of the current financial year, the average poverty gap (expenditure shortfall) is predicted to have increased from 26 percent in 2015 to between 34 and 40 percent for individuals living in poor households.
Download or read book Poverty food insecurity and social protection during COVID 19 in Myanmar Combined evidence from a household telephone survey and micro simulations written by Headey, Derek D. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study assesses the welfare impacts of COVID-19 on households in Myanmar by combining recent high-frequency telephone survey evidence for two specific rural and urban geographies with national-level survey-based simulations designed to assess ex-ante impacts on poverty with differing amounts of targeted cash transfers. The first source of evidence – the COVID-19 Rural and Urban Food Security Survey (C19- RUFSS) – consists of four rounds of monthly data collected from a sample of over 2,000 households, all with young children or pregnant mothers, divided evenly between urban and peri-urban Yangon and the rural Dry Zone. This survey sheds light on household incomes prior to COVID-19 (January 2020), incomes and food security status soon after the first COVID-19 wave (June 2020), the gradual economic recovery thereafter (July and August 2020), and the start of the second COVID-19 wave in September and October 2020. This survey gives timely and high-quality evidence on the recent welfare impacts of COVID-19 for two important geographies and for households that are nutritionally highly vulnerable to shocks due to the presence of very young children or pregnant mothers. However, the relatively narrow geographic and demographic focus of this telephone survey and the need for forecasting the poverty impacts of COVID-19 into 2021 prompt us to explore simulationbased evidence derived by applying parameter shocks to household models developed from nationally representative household survey data collected prior to COVID-19, the 2015 Myanmar Poverty and Living Conditions Survey (MPLCS). By realistically simulating the kinds of disruptions imposed on Myanmar’s economy by both international forces, e.g., lower agricultural exports and workers’ remittances, and domestic COVID-19 prevention measures. e.g., stay-at-home orders and temporary business closures, we not only can predict the impacts of COVID-19 on household poverty at the rural, urban, and national levels, but also can assess the further benefits to household welfare of social protection in the form of monthly household cash transfers of different magnitudes. Combined, these two sources of evidence yield insights on both the on-the-ground impacts of COVID-19 in recent months and the potential poverty reduction impacts of social protection measures in the coming year. We conclude the study with a discussion of the policy implications of these findings.
Download or read book The continuous rise during economic growth the COVID 19 Pandemic and conflict in the adoption of labor saving agricultural technologies in Myanmar Evidence and implications written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-09-27 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of isolationism and economic stagnation, Myanmar opened its economy in the beginning of the 2010s, leading to rapid economic growth (Myanmar’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was almost 50 percent larger in 2020 than in 2011). But the COVID-19 health crisis that started in 2020 and a military coup in the beginning of 2021 – and the subsequent increase in conflicts, forced displacements, and migration – dramatically reversed that outlook, with Myanmar’s GDP in 2022 estimated to be 13 percent smaller than three years earlier. The agricultural sector also changed accordingly during this period.
Download or read book Livelihoods poverty and food insecurity in Myanmar Survey evidence from June 2020 to September 2021 written by Myanmar Agriculture Policy Support Activity (MAPSA) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key Findings Nine rounds of the Rural-Urban Food Security Survey (RUFSS) have been conducted between June 2020 and September 2021 to assess the impacts of Myanmar’s economic, political, and health crises on various dimensions of household welfare. RUFSS interviews about 2000 mothers of young children per round from urban Yangon, the rural Dry Zone, and recent migrants from these areas. Key Findings ▪ Myanmar has experienced four distinct economic shocks since early 2020. The most recent of these shocks–the spread of the Delta variant–was devastating, with 63 percent of respondents stating that at least one household member had experienced COVID-like symptoms and almost all cases occurring in the May-September 2021 third wave. ▪ 16 percent of interviewed households moved townships between their first interview and September 2021. Around two-thirds of these were from the Yangon sample. ▪ Physical insecurity has emerged as a key impact of political instability, with 53 percent of responde
Download or read book Impacts of COVID 19 on Myanmar s agri food system Evidence base and policy implications written by Researchers of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between April and October 2020, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and Michigan State University (MSU), with support from the United States Agency of International Development (USAID) and the Livelihoods and Food Security Fund (LIFT), have undertaken analyses of secondary data combined with regular telephone surveys of actors at all stages of Myanmar’s agri-food system in order to better understand the impacts of COVID-19 on the system. These analyses show that the volume of agribusiness has slowed considerably in Myanmar since COVID-19 restrictions were put in place. There is lower demand from farmers for agricultural inputs and mechanization services and lower volumes of produce traded, especially exports to neighboring countries whose borders are closed. All actors in the agri-food system are facing liquidity constraints and experiencing increased difficulties in both borrowing and recovering loans.
Download or read book Undernutrition in the Philippines written by Nkosinathi V. N. Mbuya and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-05-25 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly 30 years, the rates of both wasting and stunting in the Philippines have been nearly flat. For 2019, the rate of stunting among children under five years of age (28.8 percent) was only slightly lower than in 2008 (32 percent)—the prevalence of underweight in 2019 was 19 percent and that of wasting was 6 percent. Based on the World Health Organization’s classification of undernutrition rates, the stunting prevalence of children in the Philippines is of “very high†? public health significance. The Philippines’ 29 percent stunting rate places it fifth among countries in the East Asia and Pacific region, and among the top 10 countries globally. The Philippines’ high levels of childhood undernutrition can lead to a staggering loss of the country’s human and economic potential. The burden on the Philippines’ economy brought by childhood undernutrition was estimated at US$4.4 billion, or 1.5 percent of the country’s GDP, in 2015. Undernutrition robs Filipino children of their chance at a bright future. When viewed through the lens of the World Bank’s Human Capital Index (HCI), the country’s 2020 HCI score of 0.52 predicts that the future productivity of children born today will be 48 percent below what they might achieve if they were to enjoy complete education and full health. Undernutrition in the Philippines: Scale, Scope, and Opportunities for Nutrition Policy and Programming presents a comprehensive, analytical work on this topic. It provides evidence of why it is critical that the government of the Philippines prioritize tackling this persistent challenge. The report assesses the determinants and causes of childhood undernutrition and reviews current policies and programs directed at addressing this problem. Based on these analyses, the report provides recommendations of how national policies and programs can be strengthened to reduce the high rates of undernutrition in the country. It sets out to inform the debate on the causes and potential solutions of undernutrition while identifying high-priority policies and policy commitments for action.
Download or read book Development Co operation Report 2020 Learning from Crises Building Resilience written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The devastating impacts of coronavirus (COVID-19) on developing countries have tested the limits, ingenuity and flexibility of development co-operation while also uncovering best practices. This 58th edition of the Development Co-operation Report draws out early insights from leaders, OECD members, experts and civil society on the implications of coronavirus (COVID-19) for global solidarity and international co-operation for development in 2021 and beyond.
Download or read book Myanmar in Transition written by Asian Development Bank and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2012-08-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myanmar, which is emerging from decades of isolation, is poised to accelerate its economic growth on the back of its abundant labor force, rich natural resources, and geographical location. But the country faces many development challenges to achieve strong and inclusive growth. To take advantage of its rich potential and endowments, Myanmar can also use its strategic location between the People's Republic of China and India, and act as a conduit between South and Southeast Asia. To sustain its growth momentum in the long run, Myanmar should aim for a growth trajectory that is inclusive, equitable, and environmentally sustainable. This special report assesses the country's strengths and weaknesses and highlights the challenges and risks. The key lies in prioritizing the actions to surmount the challenges and introducing the requisite reforms.
Download or read book Strengthening smallholder agriculture is essential to defend food and nutrition security and rural livelihoods in Myanmar against the COVID 19 threat Elements for a proactive response written by Boughton, Duncan and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an urgent need to anticipate and mitigate the threat posed by COVID-19 to Myanmar’s agricultural sector and to rural households that depend on farming for income and for food and nutrition security. We evaluate options to address the threat and to support farmers to prepare their land and plant their crops on time in the short window before the start of the 2020 monsoon cropping season. Recognizing that no single intervention can address the full range of vulnerabilities faced by rural households, we recommend a combination: • Expansion of access to seasonal farm credit with extended loan repayment schedules; • Limited agricultural input subsidies targeting certified seed; and • Implementation of a cash transfer program to smallholder farmers. Despite the high cost of a cash transfer program, there are good reasons to expect that the benefits of such support to farm households will outweigh program costs in monetary terms – even more so if the economic benefits from the consequent lower incidence of malnutrition to which the program would contribute can be measured.
Download or read book Combating Trafficking in Persons written by and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giver et overblik over de internationale traktater om menneskehandel og beskriver best practice om bekæmpelse heraf
Download or read book In Search of Myanmar written by James Fable and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'In Search of Myanmar: Travels through a Changing Land' is a witty and informative travel memoir that combines a personal narrative with political journalism.Eager to learn whether the country had changed much since the dissolution of its military dictatorship six years earlier, James travelled round Myanmar for nine months, investigating everything from the roots of the Rohingya genocide to the legacy of 'Miss Hairy Legs', the lesbian opium princess of Kokang.While his journalistic endeavours revealed fascinating and, at times, haunting truths about Myanmar, numerous encounters with curious characters ensured his journey was never dull. These included an obese monk, who wanted to know if there were many 'fat bastards' like himself in the UK, and a local English teacher, who claimed to have played football with the decapitated heads of Japanese soldiers during World War Two. Complete with maps and illustrations from the Mandalay artist Chuu Wai Nyein, 'In Search of Myanmar' is ideal for prospective travellers to Myanmar as well as for those wishing to gain an overview of this complex and fascinating country.
