Download or read book Sustainable Livelihoods and Food and Nutrition Security of Kenyan Smallholder Farm Women written by Colleen G. Walton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is limited scientific information on relationships among smallholder dairy group membership duration, sustainable livelihoods, food and nutrition security in developing countries, and whether nutrition education of women dairy farmers enhances the nutritional benefits of being a dairy group member. The objectives of this thesis research were: 1) to identify associations among sustainable livelihood (SL) measures and dairy group membership duration; 2) to identify determinants of food and nutrition security; 3) to determine effects of a nutrition education intervention; and 4) to explore factors influencing food choices to help explain intervention results. A cross sectional survey was used to collect data from smallholder farmers in Kenya. Wakulima Dairy (WDL) members (n=88), across four membership duration groups (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 and 10+ years), and non-members (n=23) were interviewed about SL assets (human capital e.g. education, household size; physical capital, e.g. livestock, consumer assets; natural capital e.g. land holdings; social capital e.g. women's group affiliation), and outcomes (e.g. income, food and nutrition security). Members and non-members were randomly assigned to nutrition education intervention and control groups and re-interviewed five months post-intervention to assess nutrition security and factors influencing food choices. SL assets and outcomes were described and associations among these measures and membership duration examined. Determinants of food and nutrition security were identified among SL measures. Pre- and post-intervention nutrition knowledge and diet quality indices were compared and examined for an interaction of membership and intervention status. vi Dairy herd size, per-cow daily milk production, and HFS were intermediate for the one-to-three year WDL members, and higher among the greater-than-three year members. Enhanced well-being of the greater-than-three year members was suggested by improved household characteristics (e.g. accessible water, latrine, floor construction), and may result from dairy income, although identification of causal relationships is limited by the cross-sectional approach. Higher odds of HFS was associated with milk production however, average milk production was low (6.5 kg/cow/day). HFS was also significantly associated with women's group affiliation, greater-than-primary education, smaller household size, and consumer asset holdings. WDL member women had higher milk and energy intakes, dietary diversity, and prevalence of overweight-status compared to non-member women. Longer membership duration was associated positively with milk-source nutrient intakes and percent energy from animal source foods (%ASF). Dietary diversity was positively associated with women's group membership and not with milk productivity or HFS. Diet quality measures, although better for WDL members, demonstrated micronutrient deficient diets. Nutrition education may help address inadequate micronutrients intakes for members and non-member women as demonstrated by a high proportion of intervention-group women that adopted strategies to increase iron and zinc bioavailability. Intervention results for dietary diversity and intakes of vitamins A and C were dependent on WDL membership status. Greater dietary diversity was found for intervention group women that were WDL members. In contrast, higher intakes of vii vitamin A and C were found for intervention group women that were not WDL members. Overall, WDL members had strengthened livelihood measures particularly after 3 years. The intermediate status of the 1-3 years of members may be significant in setting realistic measurable development project goals. Findings provide evidence of the need to improve diet quality.
Download or read book Understanding the Relationships Between Women s Access to Land Resources and Household Food Security in Eastern Kenya written by June Yee Tsun Po and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Household food and nutrition security remains a major societal challenge, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. In smallholder farming systems, women play a critical role in improving household food and nutritional security as producers, food providers, and primary caregivers. However, women face multiple constraints in their access to land resources, limiting their livelihood potential. In response to calls to elevate women's access and control to agricultural resources, this dissertation seeks to better understand the relationships between women's access to land resources and household food and nutritional security. This research is set in the Kamba smallholder agricultural systems of Machakos and Makueni Counties in Kenya. It draws on theoretical concepts from the sustainable livelihoods approach, social capital, access theory, and social-ecological resilience.To better understand the formal and informal institutions governing land resource access in Kamba communities, I take a life stage perspective to identify how women navigate within local institutions to adapt to the shocks and stresses affecting their land resource access. Drawing on 77 key informant interviews, twelve focus group discussions (n=134), and eight community meetings (n=363), the findings reveal that women use a diverse set of relational access mechanisms to prepare for, and adapt to, land resource loss. The confluence of local gender norms and legal processes of land registration appear to constrain smallholder women from formal land ownership, although legal rights exist. The findings highlight that careful consideration of local institutions and gender norms is needed in national policy reforms that aim to promote women's access to land resources. By comparing life stages, I find emerging challenges that women in old age face in accessing land resources, particularly in cases of grandmothers raising their grandchildren in skipped-generational households. Employing a livelihood asset analysis, I focus on grandmothers' access mechanisms. The findings show that grandmothers' social capital facilitates the accumulation of other livelihood assets that support household food and nutrition security. I examine how different dimensions of social capital relate to women's participation in agricultural decision-making as a proxy for their level of land resource access. Findings from qualitative data and a multi-level regression analysis of survey data from 206 women within 127 villages indicate that women actively use bonding and bridging social capital to acquire information and agricultural training. Village market places and local administrative offices appear to facilitate informal and formal information transfer. These village characteristics mediate the associations between women's bridging social capital and women's participation in agricultural decision-making. Regional education levels mediate the association between linking social capital and women's participation in decision-making, underscoring the presence of cross-scale interactions. Drawing connections to household food and nutritional security, I examine the associations between childhood anthropometric growth measures and women's participation in agricultural decision-making by using cross-sectional household survey data from 221 mother and child pairs. Results indicate a significant positive association between child growth and women's participation in agricultural decision-making, which is not observed with men. The results suggest the need for greater consideration of collaborative intra-household gender dynamics when promoting nutrition-sensitive agricultural practices. Thus, this dissertation contributes a nuanced understanding of the institutional, social, and gendered elements in land resource access and household food and nutritional security among smallholders in semi-arid regions of Kenya." --
Download or read book Women and Food Security in Kenya written by Nadine R. Horenstein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Food Security Gender and Resilience written by Leigh Brownhill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the integration of gender analysis into resilience thinking, this book shares field-based research insights from a collaborative, integrated project aimed at improving food security in subsistence and smallholder agricultural systems. The scope of the book is both local and multi-scalar. The gendered resilience framework, illustrated here with detailed case studies from semi-arid Kenya, is shown to be suitable for use in analysis in other geographic regions and across disciplines. The book examines the importance of gender equity to the strengthening of socio-ecological resilience. Case studies reflect multidisciplinary perspectives and focus on a range of issues, from microfinance to informal seed systems. The book’s gender perspective also incorporates consideration of age or generational relations and cultural dimensions in order to embrace the complexity of existing socio-economic realities in rural farming communities. The issue of succession of farmland has become a general concern, both to farmers and to researchers focused on building resilient farming systems. Building resilience here is shown to involve strengthening households’ and communities’ overall livelihood capabilities in the face of ongoing climate change, global market volatility and political instability.
Download or read book Ethical Trade Gender and Sustainable Livelihoods written by Kiah Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair and ethical trade is often criticized for being highly gendered, and for institutionalizing the ethical values of consumers, the priorities of NGOs and governments, and most of all, food retailers. But little is known about how women smallholder farmers experience diverse ethical standards, or whether and how standards reflect their values, local cultural and environmental contexts, or priorities for achieving sustainable livelihoods. Linking gender, smallholder livelihoods and global ethical trade regulations, this book reveals that multiple understandings of social justice, environmental sustainability and well-being - or ethicality - exist in parallel to those institutionalized in ethical trade schemes. Through an in-depth case study of smallholder subsistence and French bean farming in Kenya, the book grounds the analysis of livelihoods, gender and ethical trade in women smallholders' perspectives, links the macro level of markets with the micro level of livelihoods, and engenders relations of power, structure and agency in food networks. It brings together disparate bodies of theory to illustrate the knowledge, strategies and values of women smallholder farmers that are often beyond the scope of ethical trade regulations. It also provides a challenging new vision for doing food systems research.
Download or read book The Role of Smallholder Farms in Food and Nutrition Security written by Sergio Gomez y Paloma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses the current role of smallholders in connection with food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. It addresses the opportunities they enjoy, and the constraints they face, by analysing the availability, access to and utilization of production factors. Due to the relevance of smallholder farms, enhancing their production capacities and economic and social resilience could produce positive impacts on food security and nutrition at a number of levels. In addition to the role of small farmers as food suppliers, the book considers their role as consumers and their level of nutrition security. It investigates the link between agriculture and nutrition in order to better understand how agriculture affects human health and dietary patterns. Given the importance of smallholdings, strategies to increase their productivity are essential to improving food and nutrition security, as well as food diversity.
Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New evidence this year corroborates the rise in world hunger observed in this report last year, sending a warning that more action is needed if we aspire to end world hunger and malnutrition in all its forms by 2030. Updated estimates show the number of people who suffer from hunger has been growing over the past three years, returning to prevailing levels from almost a decade ago. Although progress continues to be made in reducing child stunting, over 22 percent of children under five years of age are still affected. Other forms of malnutrition are also growing: adult obesity continues to increase in countries irrespective of their income levels, and many countries are coping with multiple forms of malnutrition at the same time – overweight and obesity, as well as anaemia in women, and child stunting and wasting.
Download or read book Climate Variability and Water Resources Degradation in Kenya written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report, based on a complex analytical methodology, provides a clear economic rationale for investing in improved water resources development and management in Kenya. It is part of the World Bank's policy dialogue on water resources management reforms and investment planning in Kenya. It focuses on the economic implications of two key factors that make the economy and people of Kenya highly vulnerablethe effects of climate variability and the steady degradation of the nation's water resources. The 1997-2000 El Nio-La Nia episodes cost the country Ksh 290 billion, about 14 percent of GDP.
Download or read book Innovations in Achieving Sustainable Food Security in Eastern and Southern Africa written by Workneh Negatu and published by African Books Collective. This book was released on 2016-06-13 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovations in Achieving Sustainable Food Security in Eastern and Southern Africa addresses roles and issues related to social and institutional innovations and approaches in food security in Southern and Eastern Africa. They include implementation of food security policy, rural livelihood and agricultural innovation, land consolidation for food security, interdisciplinary school-based health for food security, harnessing indigenous and modern knowledge for food security, household food resource handling for food security, institutions for technological innovation, role of land tax in food security, trade protectionism and food security, and gender-power relations in food security.
Download or read book Agriculture Food and Nutrition for Africa written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diversifying Food and Diets written by Jessica Fanzo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently 868 million people are undernourished and 195 million children under five years of age are stunted. At the same time, over 1 billion people are overweight and obese in both the developed and developing world. Diseases previously associated with affluence, such as cancer, diabetes and cardio-vascular disease, are on the rise. Food system-based approaches to addressing these problems that could enhance food availability and diet quality through local production and agricultural biodiversity often fall outside the traditional scope of nutrition, and have been under-researched. As a consequence, there remains insufficient evidence to support well-defined, scalable agricultural biodiversity interventions that can be linked to improvements in nutrition outcomes. Agricultural biodiversity is important for food and nutritional security, as a safeguard against hunger, a source of nutrients for improved dietary diversity and quality, and strengthening local food systems and environmental sustainability. This book explores the current state of knowledge on the role of agricultural biodiversity in improving diets, nutrition and food security. Using examples and case studies from around the globe, the book explores current strategies for improving nutrition and diets and identifies key research and implementation gaps that need to be addressed to successfully promote the better use of agricultural biodiversity for rural and urban populations and societies in transition.
Download or read book Food for All in Africa written by Gordon Conway and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Africa requires a new agricultural transformation that is appropriate for Africa, that recognizes the continent's diverse environments and climates, and that takes into account its histories and cultures while benefiting rural smallholder farmers and their families. In this boldly optimistic book, Sir Gordon Conway, Ousmane Badiane, and Katrin Glatzel describe the key challenges faced by Africa's smallholder farmers and present the concepts and practices of Sustainable Intensification (SI) as opportunities to sustainably transform Africa's agriculture sector and the livelihoods of millions of smallholders. The way forward, they write, will be an agriculture sector deeply rooted within SI: producing more with less, using fertilizers and pesticides more prudently, adapting to climate change, improving natural capital, adopting new technologies, and building resilience at every stage of the agriculture value chain. Food for All in Africa envisions a virtuous circle generated through agricultural development rooted in SI that results in greater yields, healthier diets, improved livelihoods for farmers, and sustainable economic opportunities for the rural poor that in turn generate further investment. It describes the benefits of digital technologies for farmers and the challenges of transforming African agricultural policies and creating effective and inspiring leadership. Food for All in Africa demonstrates why we should take on the challenge and provides ideas and methods through which it can be met.
Download or read book Sustainable Intensification in Smallholder Agriculture written by Ingrid Oborn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable intensification has recently been developed and adopted as a key concept and driver for research and policy in sustainable agriculture. It includes ecological, economic and social dimensions, where food and nutrition security, gender and equity are crucial components. This book describes different aspects of systems research in agriculture in its broadest sense, where the focus is moved from farming systems to livelihoods systems and institutional innovation. Much of the work represents outputs of the three CGIAR Research Programs on Integrated Systems for the Humid Tropics, Aquatic Agricultural Systems and Dryland Systems. The chapters are based around four themes: the conceptual underpinnings of systems research; sustainable intensification in practice; integrating nutrition, gender and equity in research for improved livelihoods; and systems and institutional innovation. While most of the case studies are from countries and agro-ecological zones in Africa, there are also some from Latin America, Southeast Asia and the Pacific.
Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.
Download or read book Ethical Trade Gender and Sustainable Livelihoods written by Kiah Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-03-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair and ethical trade is often criticized for being highly gendered, and for institutionalizing the ethical values of consumers, the priorities of NGOs and governments, and most of all, food retailers. But little is known about how women smallholder farmers experience diverse ethical standards, or whether and how standards reflect their values, local cultural and environmental contexts, or priorities for achieving sustainable livelihoods. Linking gender, smallholder livelihoods and global ethical trade regulations, this book reveals that multiple understandings of social justice, environmental sustainability and well-being – or ethicality – exist in parallel to those institutionalized in ethical trade schemes. Through an in-depth case study of smallholder subsistence and French bean farming in Kenya, the book grounds the analysis of livelihoods, gender and ethical trade in women smallholders’ perspectives, links the macro level of markets with the micro level of livelihoods, and engenders relations of power, structure and agency in food networks. It brings together disparate bodies of theory to illustrate the knowledge, strategies and values of women smallholder farmers that are often beyond the scope of ethical trade regulations. It also provides a challenging new vision for doing food systems research.
Download or read book Food Security Gender and Resilience written by Leigh Brownhill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the integration of gender analysis into resilience thinking, this book shares field-based research insights from a collaborative, integrated project aimed at improving food security in subsistence and smallholder agricultural systems. The scope of the book is both local and multi-scalar. The gendered resilience framework, illustrated here with detailed case studies from semi-arid Kenya, is shown to be suitable for use in analysis in other geographic regions and across disciplines. The book examines the importance of gender equity to the strengthening of socio-ecological resilience. Case studies reflect multidisciplinary perspectives and focus on a range of issues, from microfinance to informal seed systems. The book’s gender perspective also incorporates consideration of age or generational relations and cultural dimensions in order to embrace the complexity of existing socio-economic realities in rural farming communities. The issue of succession of farmland has become a general concern, both to farmers and to researchers focused on building resilient farming systems. Building resilience here is shown to involve strengthening households’ and communities’ overall livelihood capabilities in the face of ongoing climate change, global market volatility and political instability.
Download or read book Food and agriculture written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our planet faces multiple and complex challenges in the 21st century. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development commits the international community to act together to overcome them and transform our world for present and future generations. Focusing on food and agriculture, investing in rural people and transforming the rural sector - actions associated with the holistic vision of SDG2 - can speed progress towards all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This publication presents FAO’s work to support countries reach SDG targets, highlighting the crucial interlinkages between food, livelihoods and management of natural resources. Featuring examples of country projects across the globe, it describes how FAO’s long experience in shaping projects and policies founded on sustainability, expertise in monitoring and custodianship of SDG indicators, focus on tackling the root causes of poverty and hunger, and capacity to build partnerships with development actors can aid governments construct the necessary enabling environment to achieve the 2030 Agenda.
