Download or read book Surface Water and Atmospheric Underway Carbon Data Obtained During the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Indian Ocean Survey Cruises R V Knorr December 1994 January 1996 written by Christopher L. Sabine and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Surface Water and Atmospheric Underway Carbon Data Obtained During the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Indian Ocean Cruises R V Knorr December 1994 January 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalog of Databases and Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Gerold Siedler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-04-11 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the views of leading scientists on the knowledge of the global ocean circulation following the completion of the observational phase of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. WOCE's in situ physical and chemical measurements together with satellite altimetry have produced a data set which provides for development of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation models used for understanding ocean and climate variability and projecting climate change. This book guides the reader through the analysis, interpretation, modelling and synthesis of this data.

Download or read book Surface Water and Atmospheric Underway Carbon Data Obtained During the World Ocean Circulation Experiment Indian Ocean Survey Cruises R written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This data documentation presents the results of the surface water and atmospheric underway measurements of mole fraction of carbon dioxide (xCO2), sea surface salinity, and sea surface temperature, obtained during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Indian Ocean survey cruises (December 1994--January 1996). Discrete and underway carbon measurements were made by members of the CO2 survey team. The survey team is a part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study supported by the US Department of Energy to make carbon-related measurements on the WOCE global survey cruises. Approximately 200,000 surface seawater and 50,000 marine air xCO2 measurements were recorded.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the Nine R V Korr Cruises Comprising the Indian Ocean CO sub 2 sub urvey WOCE Sections I8SI9S I9N I8NI5E I3 I5WI4 I7N I1 I10 and I2 December 1 1994 January 19 1996 written by A. V. Kozyr and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO{sub 2}) and total alkalinity (TALK) at hydrographic stations taken during the R/V Knorr Indian Ocean cruises (Sections I8SI9S, I9N, I8NI5E, I3, I5WI4, I7N, I1, I10, and I2) in 1994-1996. The measurements were conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). The expedition began in Fremantle, Australia, on December 1, 1994, and ended in Mombasa, Kenya, on January 22, 1996. During the nine cruises, 12 WOCE sections were occupied. Total carbon dioxide was extracted from water samples and measured using single-operator multiparameter metabolic analyzers (SOMMAs) coupled to coulometers. The overall precision and accuracy of the analyses was {+-} 1.20 {micro}mol/kg. The second carbonate system parameter, TALK, was determined by potentiometric titration. The precision of the measurements determined from 962 analyses of certified reference material was {+-} 4.2 {micro}mol/kg (REFERENCE). This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. The R/V Knorr Indian Ocean data set is available as a numeric data package (NDP) from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). The NDP consists of 18 oceanographic data files, two FORTRAN 77 data retrieval routine files, a readme file, and this printed documentation, which describes the contents and format of all files as well as the procedures and methods used to obtain the data. Instructions for accessing the data are provided.

Download or read book U S JGOFS News written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Knorr Cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean on WOCE Sections AR24 November 2 December 5 1996 and A24 A20 and A22 May 30 September 3 1997 written by Kenneth M. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the Nine R V Knoor Cruises Comprising the Indian Ocean CO2 Survey WOCE Sections I8SI9S I9N I8NI5E I3 I5WI4 I7N I1 I10 and I12 December 1 1994 January 19 1996 written by Kenneth M. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate written by Mick Follows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our desire to understand the global carbon cycle and its link to the climate system represents a huge challenge. These overarching questions have driven a great deal of scientific endeavour in recent years: What are the basic oceanic mechanisms which control the oceanic carbon reservoirs and the partitioning of carbon between ocean and atmosphere? How do these mechanisms depend on the state of the climate system and how does the carbon cycle feed back on climate? What is the current rate at which fossil fuel carbon dioxide is absorbed by the oceans and how might this change in the future? To begin to answer these questions we must first understand the distribution of carbon in the ocean, its partitioning between different ocean reservoirs (the "solubility" and "biological" pumps of carbon), the mechanisms controlling these reservoirs, and the relationship of the significant physical and biological processes to the physical environment. The recent surveys from the JGOFS and WOCE (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study and World Ocean Circulation Ex periment) programs have given us a first truly global survey of the physical and biogeochemical properties of the ocean. These new, high quality data provide the opportunity to better quantify the present oceans reservoirs of carbon and the changes due to fossil fuel burning. In addition, diverse process studies and time-series observations have clearly revealed the complexity of interactions between nutrient cycles, ecosystems, the carbon-cycle and the physical envi ronment.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 15 3 in the South Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A9 February March 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO[sub 2]) concentrations (as well as in other radiatively active trace gases) because of human activity has produced serious concern regarding the heat balance of the global atmosphere (Moore and Braswell 1994). The increasing concentrations of these gases may intensify the earth's natural greenhouse effect, and force the global climate system in ways that are not well understood. The oceans play a major role in global carbon cycle processes. Carbon in the oceans is unevenly distributed because of complex circulation patterns and biogeochemical cycles, neither of which are completely understood. To better understand the ocean's role in climate and climatic changes, several large experiments have been conducted in the past, and others are currently under way. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) is a major component of the World Climate Research Program. Although total carbon dioxide (TC0[sub 2]) is not an official WOCE measurement, a coordinated effort, supported in the United States by the US Department of Energy (DOE), is being made on WOCE cruises (through 1998) to measure the global, spatial, and temporal distributions of TC0[sub 2] and other carbon-related parameters. The CO[sub 2] survey goals include estimation of the meridional transport of inorganic carbon in a manner analogous to the oceanic heat transport (Bryden and Hall 1980; Brewer et al. 1989; Roemmich and Wunsch 1985), evaluation of the exchange of CO[sub 2] between the atmosphere and the ocean, and preparation of a database suitable for carbon-cycle modeling and the subsequent assessment of the anthropogenic C0[sub 2] increase in the oceans. The C0[sub 2] survey is taking advantage of the sampling opportunities provided by the WOCE cruises during this period. The final data set is expected to cover[approx-gt]23,000 stations.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Knorr Cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean on WOCE Sections AR24 November 2 December 5 1996 and A24 A20 and A22 May 30 September 3 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Toste Tanhua and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon is a fundamental component of all life and its gaseous form, carbon dioxide (CO2), is an important atmospheric regulator of Earth’s climate. Over societally relevant timescales, diverse physical, biological, and chemical processes in the global ocean have a very important role in controlling the exchanges of CO2 with the atmosphere and climate, given that the ocean contains roughly 60 times more carbon than the atmosphere. The complex and dynamic marine carbon cycle is thus a fundamental part and regulator of life on Earth, requiring monitoring of its variability and understanding of the feedbacks to the climate system. This is particularly relevant given that emissions of human produced (anthropogenic) CO2 through fossil fuel and land use changes have led to significant perturbations in the global carbon cycle. A large fraction of emitted anthropogenic carbon (Cant) has been and will be absorbed by the oceans with implications for seawater chemistry, ocean pH levels, and the biological communities contained within. During the last few decades, quantification of the ocean sink of CO2 and its temporal evolution of the marine carbon cycle has been an important driver of marine biogeochemical research. Scientific expeditions such as the World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Joint Global Ocean Flux Study global surveys conducted during the 1990s provided the data for the first global estimates of the uptake and oceanic sink of Cant. More recently, completion of a second global survey of the marine carbon cycle (from 2000 to 2013) provided sufficient data to assess the rate of uptake and storage of Cant within the interior of the global ocean. From this effort, it has become clear that there is substantial regional and temporal variability of the storage rate of Cant and those physico-biogeochemical processes that influence the marine carbon cycle. Here we review seawater carbonate chemistry, the sampling strategies, and networks required to observe variability in the global ocean carbon cycle and the flux of carbon between the ocean and the atmosphere but with a central focus, synthesizing and summarizing available estimates of the ocean uptake and inventories of Cant. This chapter is aimed at a wider audience within the oceanographic community and points to the rich literature on marine carbon cycle research.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Maurice Ewing Cruise in the Atlantic Ocean written by Aida F. Ríos and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide ..., total alkalinity ..., and pH at hydrographic stations during the R/V Maurice Ewing cruise in the South Atlantic Ocean on the A17 WOCE section. Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), this cruise was also a part of the French WOCE program ... Instructions for accessing the data are provided."--Page xi.

Download or read book Determination of Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Parameters During the R V Nathaniel B Palmer Cruise in the Southern Indian Ocean WOCE Section S04I 3 May 4 July 1996 written by Taro Takahashi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained in the South Pacific Ocean WOCE Sections P16A written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This data documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide concentration (TCO2) and partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in discrete water samples collected during three expeditions of the Research Vessel (R/V) Knorr in the South Pacific Ocean. Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the first cruise (WOCE Section P16A/P17A) began in Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia, on October 6, 1992, and returned to Papeete on November 25, 1992. The second cruise (WOCE Section P17E/P19S) began in Papeete on December 4, 1992, and finished in Punta Arenas, Chile, on January 22, 1993. The third expedition (WOCE Section P19C) started in Punta Arenas, on February 22 and finished in Panama City, Panama, on April 13, 1993. During the three expeditions, 422 hydrographic stations were occupied. Hydrographic and chemical measurements made along WOCE Sections P16A/P17A, P17E/P19S, and P19C included pressure, temperature, salinity, and oxygen [measured by conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensor], as well as discrete measurements of salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, silicate, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12), TCO2, and pCO2 measured at 4 and 20 C. In addition, potential temperatures were calculated from the measured variables.

Download or read book Carbon Dioxide Hydrographic and Chemical Data Obtained During the R V Meteor Cruise 22 5 in the South Atlantic Ocean WOCE Section A10 December 1992 January 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This documentation discusses the procedures and methods used to measure total carbon dioxide (TCO2), total alkalinity at Hydrographic stations as well as the underway partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) during the R/V Meteor Cruise M22/5 in the South Atlantic Ocean (Section A10). Conducted as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the cruise began in Rio de Janeiro on 27 December 1992, and ended after 36 days at sea in Capetown, South Africa on 31 January 1993. Instructions for accessing the data are provided. TCO2 was measured using tow automated sample processors for extracting CO2 from seawater samples which were coupled to a Coulometer for detection of the extracted CO2. The overall precision and accuracy of the analyses was ± 1.9 [mu]mol/kg. Samples collected for total alkalinity were measured by potentiometric titration; precision was ± 2.0 [mu]mol/kg. Underway pCO2 was measured by Infra Red (IR) Photometry; precision was ± 2.0 [mu]atm. From these cruises the large-scale three-dimensional distribution of temperature, salinity, and chemical constituents, including the carbonate system parameters will be mapped. Knowledge of these parameters and their initial conditions will allow determination of heat and water transports as well as carbon transport. An understanding of these transports will contribute to the understanding of processes which are relevant for climate change. This section in the South Atlantic subtropical Gyre is especially relevant for CO2 transport because it crosses both the Brazil and the Benguela Boundary Currents.