Download or read book Surface and Ground water Origins and Interactions and Vegetation Distributions in Riverine and Reservoir fringe Systems written by Mark Cable Rains and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Final East Park Reservoir Resource Management Plan and Environmental Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interaction of Groundwater and Surface Water in the Williston and Powder River Structural Basins written by Jennifer M. Bednar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater and surface water supplies in the Williston and Powder River structural basins are necessary for future development in these regions. To help determine if these water supplies will be sustainable during projected development, the interaction of surface water and groundwater was examined. This study will help quantify these interactions in both basins. The objectives of this thesis were to estimate base flow as groundwater discharge to streams, identify and quantify gaining and sinking reaches of streams, and quantify reservoir interaction in the Williston and Powder River structural basins. The analysis used the base-flow software program, PART, along with 525 stream gauge records. The base-flow estimates were used to determine if stream reaches gained water from the underlying aquifer, or lost water thereby recharging the underlying aquifer. A water budget was completed for the three Missouri River mainstem reservoirs. The final estimate of gain from the underlying aquifers was 9230 [ft3/s], while the loss to underlying aquifers was 7790 [ft3/s]. Both the Powder River and Williston basins contain gaining and sinking streams. The glacial aquifer system in the Williston basin primarily discharges into streams. The Upper Fort Union aquifer primarily discharges into overlying streams, whereas results pertaining to the rest of the bedrock hydrogeologic units were less conclusive as to whether they discharge into or receive recharge from streams. The values for the reservoir budget were inconclusive because they were within the range of error for the data. The estimates provide a starting point for understanding these interactions. Additional field data are needed for calibration of modeling efforts. As energy production increases in the Williston and Powder River structural basins, the use and demand for groundwater and surface water will increase, along with emphasizing the importance of accurately quantifying these interactions.

Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrogeology Groundwater Seepage Nitrate Distribution and Flux at the Raleigh Hydrogeologic Research Station Wake County North Carolina 2005 2007 written by Kristen Bukowski McSwain and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 2005 to 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, conducted a study to describe the geologic framework, measure groundwater quality, characterize the groundwater-flow system, and describe the groundwater/surface-water interaction at the 60-acre Raleigh hydrogeologic research station (RHRS) located at the Neuse River Waste Water Treatment Plant in eastern Wake County, North Carolina. Previous studies have shown that the local groundwater quality of the surficial and bedrock aquifers at the RHRS had been affected by high levels of nutrients. Geologic, hydrologic, and water-quality data were collected from 3 coreholes, 12 wells, and 4 piezometers at 3 well clusters, as well as from 2 surface-water sites, 2 multiport piezometers, and 80 discrete locations in the streambed of the Neuse River. Data collected were used to evaluate the three primary zones of the Piedmont aquifer (regolith, transition zone, and fractured bedrock) and characterize the interaction of groundwater and surface water as a mechanism of nutrient transport to the Neuse River. A conceptual hydrogeologic cross section across the RHRS was constructed using new and existing data. Two previously unmapped north striking, nearly vertical diabase dikes intrude the granite beneath the site. Groundwater within the diabase dike appeared to be hydraulically isolated from the surrounding granite bedrock and regolith. A correlation exists between foliation and fracture orientation, with most fractures striking parallel to foliation. Flowmeter logging in two of the bedrock wells indicated that not all of the water-bearing fractures labeled as water bearing were hydraulically active, even when stressed by pumping. Groundwater levels measured in wells at the RHRS displayed climatic and seasonal trends, with elevated groundwater levels occurring during the late spring and declining to a low in the late fall. Vertical gradients in the groundwater discharge area near the Neuse River were complex and were affected by fluctuations in river stage, with the exception of a well completed in a diabase dike. Water-quality data from the wells and surface-water sites at the RHRS were collected continuously as well as during periodic sampling events. Surface-water samples collected from a tributary were most similar in chemical composition to groundwater found in the regolith and transition zone. Nitrate (measured as nitrite plus nitrate, as nitrogen) concentrations in the sampled wells and tributary ranged from about 5 to more than 120 milligrams per liter as nitrogen. Waterborne continuous resistivity profiling conducted on the Neuse River in the area of the RHRS measured areas of low apparent resistivity that likely represent groundwater contaminated by high concentrations of nitrate. These areas were located on either side of a diabase dike and at the outfall of two unnamed tributaries. The diabase dike preferentially directed the discharge of groundwater to the Neuse River and may isolate groundwater movement laterally.

Download or read book Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams written by Thibault Datry and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intermittent Rivers and Ephemeral Streams: Ecology and Management takes an internationally broad approach, seeking to compare and contrast findings across multiple continents, climates, flow regimes, and land uses to provide a complete and integrated perspective on the ecology of these ecosystems. Coupled with this, users will find a discussion of management approaches applicable in different regions that are illustrated with relevant case studies. In a readable and technically accurate style, the book utilizes logically framed chapters authored by experts in the field, allowing managers and policymakers to readily grasp ecological concepts and their application to specific situations. Provides up-to-date reviews of research findings and management strategies using international examples Explores themes and parallels across diverse sub-disciplines in ecology and water resource management utilizing a multidisciplinary and integrative approach Reveals the relevance of this scientific understanding to managers and policymakers

Download or read book Automobiles Alfa Romeo Fenori et Maserati written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigating Groundwater Systems on Regional and National Scales written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-19 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater is a basic resource for humans and natural ecosystems and is one of the nation's most important natural resources. Groundwater is pumped from wells to supply drinking water to about 130 million U.S. residents and is used in all 50 states. About 40 percent of the nation's public water supply and much of the water used for irrigation is provided by groundwater. Despite the importance of groundwater as one of our most precious natural resources, an organized, effective program to provide an ongoing assessment of the nation's groundwater resources does not exist. With encouragement from the U.S. Congress, the USGS is planning for a new program of regional and national scale assessment of U.S. groundwater resources, thus helping bring new order to its various groundwater resources-related activities. The Survey's senior scientists requested advice in regard to the design of such a program. In response, the committee undertook this study in support of developing an improved program relevant to regional and national assessment of groundwater resources. This report is a product of the Committee on USGS Water Resources Research, which provides consensus advice on scientific, research, and programmatic issues to the Water Resources Division (WRD) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The committee is one of the groups that work under the auspices of the Water Science and Technology Board of the National Research Council (NRC). The committee considers a variety of topics that are important scientifically and programmatically to the USGS and the nation, and it issues reports when appropriate. This report concerns the work of the WRD in science and technology relevant to assessments of groundwater resources on regional and national scales. The USGS has been conducting scientific activity relevant to groundwater resources for over 100 years and, as summarized in Appendix A, today groundwater-related work occurs throughout the WRD.

Download or read book Understanding Surface Water Groundwater Interactions on the Blanco River Hays County TX written by Tiffany Noel Kocis and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Edwards and Trinity Aquifers supply over 700 million gallons per day (2.6 x 109 I/day) to the public; therefore, it is crucial to understand how water is lost from the Trinity and exchanged into the Edwards. This thesis addresses the following questions in the scope of Hays County, TX: How are gains and losses temporally and spatially distributed along the Blanco River? What controls the distribution of spring discharge contributing to gains along the Blanco River? Finally, what does this spatial and temporal distribution of gains, losses, and joints mean for available water resources? From a time-series analysis of gain-loss on the Blanco River, it is evident that coarse resolution gain-loss studies are not accurate enough to capture the flow dynamics of the river or to understand flow paths along the river, particularly after storm events. The coarse resolution studies miss out on spring discharge zones and on smaller, but significant recharge zones located within net-gain reaches. The detailed gain-loss study from November 2013 was compared to a detailed study conducted in January 1955; the comparison suggests that that gain-loss conditions change depending on flow conditions and that regions that serve as aquifer recharge zones during low flow conditions serve as discharge zones during high flow conditions, which may serve to offset water level declines in the aquifer at the beginning of a drought because recharge into the aquifer is sustained by flow in the Blanco River. Furthermore, when comparing the present method for estimating recharge (estimated as loss between two USGS gauges), using only the loss estimated by the gauges instead of a detailed gain-loss study is a significant underestimate (by 5 times) of the total amount of recharge entering the Edwards-Trinity system along the Blanco River. Finally, the structural analysis of fracture orientations suggests that the spring discharge fracture networks are actually joint networks controlled by both topography and the development of the Balcones Fault Zone. To conclude, both parts of this study have important implications for groundwater resources: understanding gain-loss dynamics provides an important dataset for Groundwater Availability Models and for conservation districts who must allocate water resources, and understanding the joint networks through which springs discharge could allow drillers to target high water yield fractures.

Download or read book A Groundwater surface Water Partition for the Contiguous United States and Select Case Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The terrestrial water cycle is a highly effective, yet incompletely understood agent for the distribution of continental energy, and hence, the continental energy and water budgets are closely linked. The spatial organization and temporal memory of the groundwater reservoir, and its interaction with the surface water has an integral role in the lateral transport of water and energy, affecting soil moisture distributions, evapotranspiration, precipitation and stream discharge across the continent. The current climate models are unable to account for this lateral component, and consequentially are inadequate at predicting future hydrologic conditions; hence, a separation of groundwater flow from surface water flow is necessary to asses the relative importance of each reservoir across the land surface. Here we present the results of such a groundwater-surface water partition, where 39 years of surface recharge, derived from VIC simulation, are separated from USGS HCDN annual mean observed (naturalized) stream discharge from 1555 basins across the continental U.S. It was found that stream discharge (Qr) may account for 2% to 891% of the total surface recharge (R) across the 1555 basins, suggesting that individual drainage basins export or import significant amounts of water to or from the groundwater reservoir (e.g., a Qr/R value of 2 (200%) for a basin indicates that half the river discharge from that basin is derived from groundwater input from other basins). Detailed investigations of individual basins across the continent in terms of this partition indicate that the control over lateral transport of subsurface water is primarily a function of the subsurface geology. Further, a marked incongruity between the surface drainage flow direction and groundwater flow direction is apparent in several cases - particularly where regional groundwater flow has developed - suggesting that surface drainage as a result of elevation is only partially indicative of subsurface flow regimes. The modulation of surface drainage by the groundwater system suggests that groundwater flow is a significant portion of the continental water cycle. Hence, this wide range of effects attributable to groundwater flow implies that the groundwater reservoir should be included in climate modeling efforts, particularly if estimates of future water resource availability are a goal of such efforts.

Download or read book Groundwater Surface Water Interactions in a Gold mined Dredged Floodplain of the Merced River written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Merced River, originating in the Sierra Nevada in California, drains a watershed with an area of approximately 3,305 km2. The stream has been highly altered due to diversions, gold-dredged mining, damming, and subsequent modification to the hydrograph. Over the course of a year, groundwater-surface water interactions were studied to elucidate the hydrological connection between the Main Canal, an unlined engineered channel containing Merced River water and flowing parallel to the river (average elevation 89 m) and also a highly conductive previously-dredged floodplain, and the Merced River average (elevation 84 m). Upstream of the study reach, located in an undredged portion of the floodplain, are a state run salmon hatchery and a privately run trout farm that have been operating for approximately 40 years. Exchanges between the hyporheic and surrounding surface, groundwater, riparian, and alluvial floodplain habitats occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. For this study, pressure transducers were installed in seven wells and four ponds located in the dredged floodplain. All wells were drilled to the Mehrten Formation, a confining layer, and screened for the last 3 m. These groundwater well water levels as well as the surface water elevations of the Main Canal and the Merced River were used to determine the direction of sublateral surface flows using Groundwater Vistas as a user interface for MODFLOW. The wells, the canal, the river, and seepage from the river banks were sampled for major anion and cation, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, total iron, and total dissolved iron concentrations to determine water sources and the possibility of suboxic water. Field analysis indicated that water in all wells and ponds exhibits low dissolved oxygen, high conductivity, and oxidation/reduction potentials that switched from oxidizing to reductive during the course of the monitoring period. Chemical analysis indicates that there are three sources of water for this floodplain: the Merced River and Main Canal (which are chemically very similar), the waters from the trout farm, and precipitation. The well closest to the trout farm had a C:N of 1, typical of a highly carbon-limited system. MODFLOW particle tracer experiments designed with homogeneous soils were performed and did not capture the near-surface preferential flow paths. These results indicate that travel time between the Main Canal and Merced River is approximately 10-15 years, while chemistry results indicate seasonal fluctuations. Based on the well levels and chemistry, this water system responds on a much faster scale than indicated by the particle tracer experiments. Reconciling these results, there must be significant preferential flow paths. Candidate flow paths are abandoned channels from the dredging era. The hydraulic gradient set up by the groundwater connection between Main Canal and the Merced River ensures that any effluent released by the trout farm will be transported to the Merced River. Conclusions of the year-long study are that the waters that seep from the Main Canal to the Merced River in this area can be suboxic, which is not conducive to spawning and incubation for native Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) an indicator species for the overall ecosystem's health. This study reach has been historically important for salmon spawning and rearing, as the area examined is where more than 50% of the Chinook salmon of the Merced River spawn. Currently, salmon restoration efforts are focusing on gravel augmentation and adding a side channel, but ignoring groundwater influences. Due to the causal connections between the hydrological system of the Merced River floodplain and the riverine system, habitat rehabilitation should target not only the surface water but also important subsurface hydrological components.

Download or read book Ground and Surface Water Hydrology written by Petre Kozel and published by Scitus Academics LLC. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface-water hydrology is a field that encompasses all surface waters of the globe (overland flows, rivers, lakes, wetlands, estuaries, oceans, etc.). This is a subset of the hydrologic cycle that does not include atmospheric, and ground waters. Surface-water hydrology relates the dynamics of flow in surface-water systems (rivers, canals, streams, lakes, ponds, wetlands, marshes, arroyos, oceans, etc.). Ground-water supplies are obtained from aquifers, which are subsurface units of rock and unconsolidated sediments capable of yielding water in usable quantities to wells and springs. The hydrologic characteristics of aquifers and natural chemistry of ground water determine the availability and suitability of ground-water resources for specific uses. Ground water is the part of precipitation that enters the ground and percolates downward through unconsolidated materials and openings in bedrock until it reaches the water table. The water table is the surface below which all openings in the rock or unconsolidated materials are filled with water. Water entering this zone of saturation is called recharge. Ground water, in response to gravity, moves from areas of recharge to areas of discharge. In a general way, the configuration of the water table approximates the overlying topography. In valleys and depressions where the land surface intersects the water table, water is discharged from the ground-water system to become part of the surface-water system. The interaction between ground water and surface water can moderate seasonal water-level fluctuations in both systems. During dry periods base flow, or ground-water discharge to streams, can help maintain minimum stream flows. Conversely, during flood stages surface water can recharge the ground-water system by vertical recharge on the watercovered flood plain and bank storage through streambed sediments. The net effect of ground-water recharge is a reduction in flood peaks and replenishment of available ground-water supplies. Ground and Surface Water Hydrology covers fundamentals of subsurface flow and transport, emphasizing the role of groundwater in the hydrologic cycle, the relation of groundwater flow to geologic structure, and the management of contaminated groundwater.

Download or read book Influences of Vegetation and Watershed Treatments on Run off Silting and Stream Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This purpose of this publication is to gather the outstanding research bearing on the subject of water-flow retardation and place it between one set of covers, discarding the reports on which subsequent research with improved techniques has cast doubt, or in which subsequent research with improved techniques has cast doubt, or in which conclusions were too broadly drawn or results given too wide an application.

Download or read book Groundwater surface Water Interaction in the Brazos River Basin written by Ali Hafiz Chowdhury and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous oxbow lakes occur along the Brazos River, which stretches over 840 miles across Texas. Created by lateral stream erosion and changes in the course of the river, these lakes were formed when the main stream channels were abandoned. When the oxbow lakes and main channel connect during floods, the water from these surface water bodies mixes, resulting in an exchange of aquatic plant and animal species. These exchanges are important avenues for maintaining biodiversity in a river ecosystem. The main focus of this investigation was to determine the source water of three oxbow lakes near Bryan and Hempstead, Texas. Using site topography and water surface elevation information, we evaluated surface connections of each oxbow lake with the main channel of the river. We estimated recurrence intervals for connections based on historical streamflow and ground survey measurements. Results indicate that Moelhman Slough connects to the Brazos River at least twice per year, Korthauer Bottom connects to the Brazos River more than once per year, and Horseshoe Lake rarely connects to the Brazos River, even during intense flood events. We sampled the three oxbow lakes, river water near the lakes, adjacent groundwater from the shallow alluvial aquifer, and the Queen City, Sparta, and Evangeline aquifers that lie below the alluvium for isotopic and chemical compositions. Isotopic compositions of the alluvial groundwater, river water, and oxbow lake water show a progressive enrichment in oxygen and deuterium isotopes due to their continued evaporation. Groundwater in the alluvial aquifer shows unenriched isotopic values due to an absence of any significant evaporation during recharge. When groundwater from the alluvium discharges as base flow into the river, it mixes with the river water causing enrichment in isotopic values. In the oxbow lakes, higher evaporation occurs because water is locked into shallow, standing bodies of water, which leads to more enriched values. Groundwater from the Queen City, Sparta, and Evangeline aquifers near the lakes has more depleted isotopes and a sodium-bicarbonate composition that differentiates it from the more enriched isotope and calcium-sodium-bicarbonate composition of groundwater from the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer. These differences in chemical and isotopic compositions suggest that there may not be any significant upward discharges from the Queen City, Sparta, and Evangeline aquifers into the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer and the Brazos River. Water levels and base flow analyses suggest that a substantial portion of the water in the Brazos River is derived from base flow from the shallow alluvial aquifer. Estimated average base flow discharges are significantly higher downstream than upstream. Fresher (less saline) groundwater composition in the lower parts of the alluvial aquifer produces a fresher river water composition downstream. We estimated recharge into the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer using base flow and chloride mass balance methods. Using the base flow method, we estimate that average recharge into the aquifer ranges from 0.74 to 0.95 inches per year. Using the chloride mass balance method, we estimate average recharge is about 0.33 inches per year; however, this method may underestimate recharge if chloride is derived from non-precipitation chloride. Water levels in wells and base flow discharges show no direct responses with precipitation amounts, suggesting that recharge into the aquifer is delayed due to the presence of clay in or above the alluvium, as documented by recent geophysical investigations. From a combined use of surface water connections, water chemistry, isotopic composition, and base flow amounts in different segments of the Brazos River, we suggest that the source water for Moehlman Slough and Korthauer Bottom differs from Horseshoe Lake. The frequency and duration of surface connections of the oxbow lakes with the river in combination with characteristic chemical and isotopic compositions suggest that the water in Moelhman Slough and Korthauer Bottom originated during flood events. In contrast, base flow from the alluvial aquifer is the dominant source of water for Horseshoe Lake. Water in Horseshoe Lake has experienced extensive evaporation, which is supported by its enriched deuterium and oxygen isotopic compositions and only one surface connection to the Brazos River over the past 20 years. Although chemical composition of the water from Horseshoe Lake should be more saline due to extensive evaporation, it remains surprisingly fresher than all other water. This difference in chemical composition could possibly be attributed to biologically mediated filtering of the ions and/or geochemical reactions.

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technical Evaluation of the Interaction of Groundwater with the Columbia River at the Department of Energy Hanford Site 100 D Area written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater beneath much of Hanford's 100 Areas is contaminated with hexavalent chromium (Cr{sup +6}) as a consequence of treating reactor cooling water to prevent corrosion. Several treatment systems are in place to remove Cr{sup +6} from the groundwater; however, these systems currently do not reduce Cr{sup +6} to concentrations below aquatic standards. Of concern is the transport of Cr{sup +6} to areas within the channel of the river, as sensitive species inhabit the river and its associated transition zone. The aquatic standard for Cr{sup +6} is currently 11 ug/l under the Record of Decision (ROD) for Interim Action and Department of Energy (DOE) currently plans to pursue remediation of the groundwater to achieve the 11 ug/l standard. Because the compliance wells used to monitor the current remediation systems are located some distance from the river, they may not provide an accurate indication of Cr{sup +6} concentrations in the water that reaches the riverbed. In addition, because salmon spawning areas are considered a high priority for protection from Hanford contaminants, it would be advantageous to understand (1) to what extent Cr{sup +6} discharged to the near-shore or river ecosystems is diluted or attenuated and (2) mechanisms that could mitigate the exposure of the river ecosystems to the discharging Cr{sup +6}. The current concentration target for Cr{sup +6} at near-river groundwater monitoring locations is 20 [mu]g/L; it is assumed that this groundwater mixes with river water that contains virtually no chromium to meet Washington Department of Ecology's (Ecology) water quality standard of 10 [mu]g/L in the river environment. This dynamic mixing process is believed to be driven by daily and seasonal changes in river stage and groundwater remediation system operations, and has been validated using analytical data from numerous groundwater samples obtained adjacent to and within the banks of the river. Although the mean mixing factor of river water and site groundwater in this zone has been estimated to be equal parts of groundwater and river water, a wide range of mixing ratios likely occurs at various times of the day and year. The degree of mixing and dilution appears to be greatly influenced by the river stage and other groundwater/surface water interaction. The extent of mixing, thus, has implications for the design and operation of the groundwater remediation systems. Improved understanding of this 'dilution' mechanism is needed to design an optimum 'systems approach' to accelerate remediation of the near-shore contaminant plumes. More information on the pathway from near-river mapped plumes to riverbed receptor locations is also needed to develop a defensible proposed plan for a future ROD for final remedial action of contaminated groundwater. In April 2008, an expert panel of scientists was convened to review existing information and provide observations and suggestions to improve the current understanding of groundwater surface water interactions in the 100 Areas (primarily focusing on 100-D Area), and to identify what additional analyses or approaches may provide critical information needed to design and implement remediation systems that will minimize impacts to river aquatic systems. Specific objectives provided to the panel included: (1) comment on approaches and methods to improve the current understanding of groundwater-surface water interactions, specifically how contaminated groundwater enters the riverbed and how this relates to remediation of chromate in the groundwater in the 100 Areas; (2) evaluate past and current data collection methods, data analysis techniques, assumptions, and groundwater transport and mixing mechanisms; (3) evaluate the current monitoring network (monitoring wells, aquifer tubes, and shoreline/river monitoring); (4) evaluate the role played by modeling; and (5) suggest additional research to fill data gaps and perform modeling.