Download or read book Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide SCO2 Based Power Cycles written by Klaus Brun and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-09 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals and Applications of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SCO2) Based Power Cycles aims to provide engineers and researchers with an authoritative overview of research and technology in this area. Part One introduces the technology and reviews the properties of SCO2 relevant to power cycles. Other sections of the book address components for SCO2 power cycles, such as turbomachinery expanders, compressors, recuperators, and design challenges, such as the need for high-temperature materials. Chapters on key applications, including waste heat, nuclear power, fossil energy, geothermal and concentrated solar power are also included. The final section addresses major international research programs. Readers will learn about the attractive features of SC02 power cycles, which include a lower capital cost potential than the traditional cycle, and the compounding performance benefits from a more efficient thermodynamic cycle on balance of plant requirements, fuel use, and emissions. - Represents the first book to focus exclusively on SC02 power cycles - Contains detailed coverage of cycle fundamentals, key components, and design challenges - Addresses the wide range of applications of SC02 power cycles, from more efficient electricity generation, to ship propulsion
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Mark McHugh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical Fluid Extraction is a technique in which CO2 is used under extremely high pressure to separate solution (e.g., removing caffeine from coffee). Separations is basic to all process industries and supercritical fluid extraction is a specific type which is receiving a high level of attention. The book will combine basic fundamentals with industrial applications. The second edition has been expanded and updated and includes new chapters on chromatography and food processing. "...this is an excellent book which is both instructive and amusing to read. Its true value is neatly summarised in one of the closing sentences: 'We have supplied you with the guidelines and criteria which you can now apply when considering supercritical fluids for your own needs.'' - Chemistry in Britain, February 1995
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications written by Vladimir Anikeev and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-12-21 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical Fluid Technology for Energy and Environmental Applications covers the fundamental principles involved in the preparation and characterization of supercritical fluids (SCFs) used in the energy production and other environmental applications. Energy production from diversified resources — including renewable materials — using clean processes can be accomplished using technologies like SCFs. This book is focused on critical issues scientists and engineers face in applying SCFs to energy production and environmental protection, the innovative solutions they have found, and the challenges they need to overcome. The book also covers the basics of sub- and supercritical fluids, like the thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations.A supercritical fluid is any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point where distinct liquid and gas phases do not exist. At this state the compound demonstrates unique properties, which can be "fine-tuned," making them suitable as organic solvents in a range of industrial and laboratory processes.This volume enables readers to select the most appropriate medium for a specific situation. It helps instructors prepare course material for graduate and postgraduate courses in the area of chemistry, chemical engineering, and environmental engineering. And it helps professional engineers learn supercritical fluid-based technologies and use them in solving the increasingly challenging environmental issues. - Relates theory, chemical characteristics, and properties of the particular supercritical fluid to its various applications - Covers the fundamentals of supercritical fluids, like thermodynamics of phase and chemical equilibria, mathematical modeling, and process calculations - Includes the most recent applications of supercritical fluids, including energy generation, materials synthesis, and environmental protection
Download or read book Supercritical Fluids written by E. Kiran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluids written by T. Sako and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential of supercritical fluid methods is presented in a comprehensive way. On the basis of a careful discussion of physical and chemical principles, the application of this method in process technology is demonstrated.
Download or read book Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Mamata Mukhopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing research from a wide variety of sources, this work offers a convenient guide to a clean, safe, inexpensive, non-toxic, non-polluting solvent that performs better than most conventional solvents. Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide reviews recent developments in the technology and its applications to the food, flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. It outlines the many advantages that this method has over traditional methods like steam distillation, solvent extraction, and molecular distillation, and it supports the popular trend toward the use of natural products in these industries.
Download or read book Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis written by J.R. Dean and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. Two areas are common: supercritical fluid chroma tography and supercritical fluid extraction. Both seek to exploit the unique properties of a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The most common supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide, employed because of its low critical temperature (31 °C), inertness, purity, non-toxicity and cheapness. Alternative supercritical fluids are also used and often in conjunction with modifiers. The combined gas-like mass transfer and liquid-like solvating characteristics have been used for improved chroma tographic separation and faster sample preparation. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is complementary to gas chro matography ( GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), providing higher efficiency than HPLC, together with the ability to analyse thermally labile and high molecular weight analytes. Both packed and open tubular columns can be employed, providing the capability to analyse a wide range of sample types. In addition, flame ionization detection can be used, thus providing 'universal' detection.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluids written by E. Kiran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-06-30 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluids which are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density, are gaining increasing importance as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the pressure, or more strictly the density, the properties of these fluids are customized and manipulated for the particular process at hand, be it a physical transformation, such as separation or solvation, or a chemical transformation, such as a reaction or reactive extraction. Supercritical fluids, however, differ from both gases and liquids in many respects. In order to properly understand and describe their properties, it is necessary to know the implications of their nearness to criticality, to be aware of the complex types of phase separation (including solid phases) that occur when the components of the fluid mixture are very different from each other, and to develop theories that can cope with the large differences in molecular size and shape of the supercritical solvent and the solutes that are present.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluids as Solvents and Reaction Media written by Gerd H. Brunner and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-06-11 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluids behave either like a gas or a liquid, depending on the values of thermodynamic properties. This tuning of properties, and other advantageous properties of supercritical fluids led to innovative technologies. More than 100 plants of production size are now in operation worldwide in the areas of process and production technology, environmental applications, and particle engineering. New processes are under research and development in various fields. This book provides an overview of the research activities in the field of Supercritical Fluids in Germany. It is based on the research program "Supercritical fluids as solvents and reaction media" on the initiative of the "GVC-Fachausschuß Hochdruckverfahrenstechnik" (i.e. the German working party on High Pressure Chemical Engineering of the Society of Chemical Engineers).This research program provided an immensely valuable platform for exchange of knowledge and experience. More than 50 young researchers were involved contributing with their expertise, their new ideas, and the motivation of youth. The results of this innovative research are described in this book.- This book provides an overview of the research activities in the field of Supercritical Fluids in Germany- Contains results of projects within the research program on "Supercritical fluids as solvents and reaction media" on the initiative of the German working party on High Pressure Chemical Engineering of the Society of Chemical Engineers.- More than 50 young researchers were involved in contributing with their expertise, their new ideas, and the motivation of youth.
Download or read book Rapid Production of Micro and Nano particles Using Supercritical Water written by Zhen Fang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-24 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details progress in use of supercritical water (SCW) to synthesize nano- and micro- oxides, inorganic salts and metal particles, and shows how polymer/biomass particles can be produced by the precipitation of solutes from SCW.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Technology in Oil and Lipid Chemistry written by Jerry W. King and published by The American Oil Chemists Society. This book was released on 1996 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermodynamics of supercritical fluids with respect to lipid-containing systems; Solubility measurement of lipid constituents in supercritical fluids; Supercritical fluid extraction of oilseeds/lipids in natural products; Supercritical fractionation of lipids; Oilseed solubility and extraction modeling; Modeling of the supercritical fluid extraction rate of oilseeds; Design and economic analysis of supercritical fluid extraction processes; Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of fish oils; Supercritical fluid extraction of egg lipids; Supercritical fluid extraction of Cocoa and Cocoa products; Superctitical CO2 extraction of meat products and edible animal fats for cholesterol reduction; Supercritical fluid extraction of algae; Effect of supercritical fluids on residual meals and protein functionality; Treatment of food materials with supercritical carbon dioxide; Enzymatic synthesis in supercritical fluids; Basic principles and the role of supercritical fluid chromatography in lipid analysis; Supercritical fluid chromatography for the analysis of oleochemicals; Supercritical fluid chromatography of trace components in oils and fats; Analytical supercritical fluid extraction for oil and lipid analysis.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Nutraceuticals and Bioactive Compounds written by Jose L. Martinez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-11-28 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enhanced concern for the quality and safety of food products, increased preference for natural products, and stricter regulations on the residual level of solvents, all contribute to the growing use of supercritical fluid technology as a primary alternative for the extraction, fractionation, and isolation of active ingredients. As a solvent-free p
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Technology for Drug Product Development written by Peter York and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-23 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interconnecting the fundamentals of supercritical fluid (SCF) technologies, their current and anticipated utility in drug delivery, and process engineering advances from related methodological domains and pharmaceutical applications, this volume unlocks the potential of supercritical fluids to further the development of improved pharmaceutical products-from drug powders for respiratory delivery to drug delivery systems for controlled release.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Technology in Materials Science and Engineering written by Ya-Ping Sun and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-03-26 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title analyzes the chemical reactions, structures and fundamental properties of supercritical fluid systems for the production of new compounds, nanomaterials, fibers, and films. It complies contemporary research and technological advances for increased selectivity and reduced waste in chemical, industrial, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications. Topics include fluid dynamics, catalysis, hydrothermal synthesis, surfactants, conducting polymers, crystal growth, and other aspects and applications of supercritical fluids.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols written by John R. Williams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last 15 years, there has been renewed interest in supercritical fluids owing to their unique properties and relatively low environmental impact. Greatest attention has been given to the extraction and separation of organic compounds. Supercritical fluids have also been successfully used for particle production, as reaction media, and for the destruction of toxic waste. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been the most widely used supercritical fluid, mainly because it is cheap, relatively nontoxic, and has convenient critical values. Supercritical fluids have also been used on analytical and preparative scales for many biological and other applications. Many papers have been published on the use of supercritical fluids. However, few have acted as a detailed instruction manual for those wanting to use the techniques for the first time. We anticipate that this Methods in Biotechnology volume, Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols will s- isfy the need for such a book. Every chapter has been written by experienced workers and should, if closely followed, enable workers with some or no previous experience of supercritical fluids to conduct experiments successfully at the first attempt.
Download or read book Polymer Processing with Supercritical Fluids written by Vannessa Goodship and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SCFs are currently the subjects of intense research and commercial interest. Applications such as the RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical fluid solutions) process are part of standard industrial practice. In view of their ever-growing importance in the polymer industry there is a need to fully comprehend how supercritical fluids interrelate with polymeric materials to realise the potential that can be gained from their use. The authors review the basic principles of SCFs and their application within the polymer industry: characteristics and properties, extraction of unwanted residual products, polymerisation solvents, and polymer impregnation. Processing applications such as plasticisation, foaming and blending are also considered. There is discussion of the potential within the polymer recycling industry for use of SCFs as cleaning agents or within supercritical oxidation processes. Around 400 references with abstracts from recent global literature accompany this review, sourced from the Polymer Library, to facilitate further reading. A subject index and a company index are included.
Download or read book Practical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction written by Thomas Caudell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-03-08 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the fundamental and practical aspects of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and extraction. It discusses packed columns in SFC; detection in SFC; supercritical fluid chromatography/mass spectroscopy; and evaporative light scattering detection in SFC.
