Download or read book Sulphur Isotope Fractionation in Modern and Ancient Sediments written by Thi Hao Bui and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Modern and ancient sediments are complex biogeochemical systems where multiple sulphur isotopes may be useful in tracing previously unseen processes. Multiple sulphur isotope signatures of pore water sulphate from methane-rich marine sediments indicate different microbial pathways involved in the overall sulphur cycling. Particularly in chapter 2, we found that sulphate reduction is the only microbial process controlling the sulphur cycling at station 12 but at station 5 up to 60% of sulphide produced from sulphate reduction re-oxidizes back to sulphate. We are only able to tell this difference with multiple sulphur isotopes. (Chapter 2- Hidden sulphur cycle stimulates the microbial methane biofilter in deep marine sediments)Beside biological processes, transport of material may cause isotope fractionation. We analyze multiple sulphur isotope composition of dissolved sulphate and sulphide when these ions diffused through an acrylamide gel column. The experimental results showed that the diffusion-associated isotope fractionation of ion sulphate is insignificant within the study size (~20 cm length) but the diffusion-associated isotope fractionation of ion sulphide is clearly observable (34[alpha] = 0.9990±0.0005). With that fractionation factor, when sulphide diffuses 1 meter away from the source, it is at least 10[per mil] lighter than the original isotope composition. (Chapter 3 - Sulphur isotope effects of [("SO")]_4^(2-) and [("HS")]_^- diffusion in water). In chapter 4, we apply multiple sulphur isotope techniques to study the sulphur cycling during the end-Permian mass extinction. Minor sulphur isotope signature suggests the mixing of at least two distinct sulphur sources during that time period. We have proposed possible sulphur sources even though further studies are required in order to identify exactly which sources contributed to the sulphur enrichment at Permian-Triassic period (Chapter 4 - Sulphur and carbon isotope records across the terrestrial Permian-Triassic (P-T) boundary)." --

Download or read book Stable Isotopes written by International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment and published by . This book was released on 1991-08-15 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This synthesis draws on the results of a major international scientific workshop held in Pushchino (Moscow Region) in summer 1983, organized jointly by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and SCOPE, with major financial support from UNEP.

Download or read book Precambrian Sedimentary Environments written by Wladyslaw Altermann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-05 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The motivation for this volume came from the idea that thePrecambrian is the key, both to the present, and to theunderstanding of the Earth as a whole. The Precambrian constitutesabout 85% of Earth's history, and of that, about 3.75 billion yearsof Precambrian time, represented by rocks, are accessible togeoscientists. Ancient atmospheric and environmental conditions canbe traced back to the time when the Earth was only about 250million years old. Precambrian rocks supply almost 75% of importantmineral resources such as Fe, Mn, Au, Pt and Cr. Many of theseelements are associated with sedimentary rocks and some importanthydrocarbon, coal and graphite deposits are also hosted byPrecambrian rocks. This volume is aimed at geoscientists interested in Precambriansedimentary rocks and at students of Earth history. It containsreview articles discussing Precambrian conditions and case studiesfrom Precambrian shields and successions of North and SouthAmerica, Australia, Africa, Europe, Asia and India. Theintroductory papers, written by experts on Precambrianenvironments, treat comprehensively the application of actualism tothe Precambrian, the evolution and influence of life on thesedimentary rock record, the genesis of Banded Iron Formations, thePrecambrian sulphur cycle and the significance of Precambrianchemical carbonate precipitates. The case studies includedepositional settings and processes in Archean terranes, inPaleoproterozoic sequences, with some emphasis on the lack ofvegetation and weathering, and in late Proterozoic sequences, withsome emphasis on glacial deposits. The contributions demonstratethat Precambrian sedimentary deposits are commonly similar to theirPhanerozoic counterparts in terms of composition, sedimentaryprocesses, and depositional setting, but may differ significantlyas a result of lack of vegetation, climatic and biologicalconstraints, composition and circulation of seawater, and thesecular involvement of continental crust. Contains review articles discussing Precambrian conditions andcase studies from Precambrian shields and successions of North andSouth America, Australia, Africa, Europe, Asia and India. The introductory papers, written by experts on Precambrianenvironments, treat comprehensively the application of actualism tothe Precambrian, the evolution and influence of life on thesedimentary rock record, the genesis of Banded Iron Formations, thePrecambrian sulphur cycle and the significance of Precambrianchemical carbonate precipitates. Detailed case studies include depositional settings andprocesses in Archean terranes, in Paleoproterozoic sequences, withsome emphasis on the lack of vegetation and weathering, and in lateProterozoic sequences, with some emphasis on glacialdeposits. Written for geoscientists interested in Precambrian sedimentaryrocks and students of Earth history. If you are a member of the International Association ofSedimentologists (IAS), for purchasing details, please see:http://www.iasnet.org/publications/details.asp?code=SP33

Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Ancient and Modern Environments written by P. A. Trudinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a selection of papers presented to the Fourth Internation~l Symposium on Environmental Biogeochemistry (ISEB), and a conference on Biogeochemistry in Relation to Mining Industry and Environmental Pollution (Leaching Conference), held in Canberra, Aust ralia on August 26-31 and September 3-4, 1979, respectively. The ISEB were established to provide "a forum for uninhibited exchange of information and ideas among the biological, chemical, atmospheric and geolorical scientists working in the common area of biogeochemistry, encompassing soil and other earth sciences as well as the hydrosphere and atmosphere", By linking the fourth ISEB with the Leachin~ Conference the scope of discussions was extended to encompass the application of biogeochemical processes to the mining industry. This wide-ranging philosophy is reflected in the breadth and diversity of the subjects covered in this book. The published papers are expanded versions of those presented at the meetings. They have all been scrutinized by at least one referee in addition to the editors. About 20% of the contributions to the meetings are not included, either because authors did not wish to publish or because the papers were not accepted by the editors.

Download or read book Sulfur Biogeochemistry written by Jan P. Amend and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2004 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Using Geochemical Data written by Hugh Rollinson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is a complete rewrite, and expansion of Hugh Rollinson's highly successful 1993 book Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation, Interpretation. Rollinson and Pease's new book covers the explosion in geochemical thinking over the past three decades, as new instruments and techniques have come online. It provides a comprehensive overview of how modern geochemical data are used in the understanding of geological and petrological processes. It covers major element, trace element, and radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry. It explains the potential of many geochemical techniques, provides examples of their application, and emphasizes how to interpret the resulting data. Additional topics covered include the critical statistical analysis of geochemical data, current geochemical techniques, effective display of geochemical data, and the application of data in problem solving and identifying petrogenetic processes within a geological context. It will be invaluable for all graduate students, researchers, and professionals using geochemical techniques.

Download or read book Sulfidic Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks written by David Rickard and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 813 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with sedimentary sulfides which are the most abundant authigenic minerals in sediments. Special emphasis is given to the biogeochemistry that plays such a central role in the formation of sedimentary sulfides. It will be of interest to scientists in a number of disciplines, including geology, microbiology, chemistry and environmental science. The sulfur system is important to environmental scientists considering the present and future effects of pollution and anoxia. The development of the sulfur system – particularly the characteristics of ocean anoxia over the last 200 Ma – is useful in predicting the future fate of the Earth surface system as well as in understanding the past. The biochemistry and microbiology of the sulfur system are key to understanding microbial ecology and the evolution of life. - First monograph on sedimentary sulfides, covering the ancient and modern sedimentary sulfide systems - Comprehensive, integrating chemistry, microbiology, geology and environmental science - All key references are included and discussed

Download or read book Microbial Connections Between the Subsurface Sulfur Cycle and Other Elemental Cycles written by Alexandra V. Turchyn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sulfur has many redox states and is a major metabolite in suboxic and anaerobic environments including, but not restricted to, marine and marginal marine sediments, the water column of oxygen minimum zones, salt marshes and oil wells. Microbially mediated redox cycling of sulfur typically comprises dissimilatory sulfate reduction (MSR), sulfide reoxidation, disproportionation and the oxidation and reduction of sulfur redox intermediates. These processes contribute to the degradation of organic matter, link the cycles of sulfur and carbon, control the production and consumption of methane and are critical for the long term budget of O2 in the atmosphere. Microbial and abiotic processes at redox interfaces also connect the sulfur cycle to the redox cycles of nitrogen, iron and other elements, producing distinctive geochemical and molecular signatures. Studies that couple microbiology with stable isotope geochemistry have informed interpretations of microbial sulfur cycling in modern and past environments. Laboratory-based studies and models of MSR have sought to understand the physiological and environmental controls of the magnitude of sulfur isotope fractionation. The fractionations of stable sulfur and oxygen isotopes during MSR are also used to track enzymatic activity during MSR and processes that oxidize sulfide in the presence of environmental oxidants. Outstanding questions in the field concern the importance of oxidative processes within the natural environment, the delivery of oxidants and carbon sources to the zones of sulfate reduction and the ability to detect or reconstruct oxidative processes from the chemical, isotopic, metagenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomics profiles in the environment. Recent studies have emphasized the complex connections between sulfur and methane, iron, nitrogen and other elements. These links may involve the redox cycling of species that occur at concentrations difficult to detect by standard geochemical techniques or that are cycled at very rapid rates (cryptic cycles). Of particular interest is the use of isotope geochemistry to quantify links among various electron acceptors, including sulfate, ferric iron, and nitrate, during the anaerobic methane oxidation. For example, recent geochemical measurements have hinted that microbial sulfate reduction coupled to organic matter oxidation is mechanistically different to when sulfate reduction is coupled to methane oxidation. Recent studies have also suggested a possible contribution of a number of previously uncultured microbial groups in sulfur cycling in sulfidic environments, inspiring further studies of these organisms and their partnerships in anaerobic environments. This Research Topic highlights studies of microbial interactions, processes and communities that couple the sulfur cycle to the cycles of other elements in aphotic environments.

Download or read book On the Mechanisms of Sulfur Isotope Fractionation During Microbial Sulfate Reduction written by William Davie Leavitt and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underlying all applications of sulfur isotope analyses is our understanding of isotope systematics. This dissertation tests some fundamental assumptions and assertions, drawn from equilibrium theory and a diverse body of empirical work on biochemical kinetics, as applied to the multiple sulfur isotope systematics of microbial sulfate reduction. I take a reductionist approach, both in the questions addressed and experimental approaches employed. This allows for a mechanistic, physically consistent interpretation of geological and biological sulfur isotope records. The goal of my work here is to allow interpreters a more biologically, chemically and physically parsimonious framework to decipher the signals coded in modern and ancient sulfur isotope records.

Download or read book Sediments Diagenesis and Sedimentary Rocks written by F.T. Mackenzie and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the formation and biogeochemistry of a variety of important sediment types from their initial formation through their conversion (diagenesis) to sedimentary rocks. The volume deals with the chemical, mineralogical, and isotopic properties of sediments and sedimentary rocks and their use in interpreting the environment of formation and subsequent events in the history of sediments, and the nature of the ocean-atmosphere system through geological time. Reprinted individual volume from the acclaimed Treatise on Geochemistry, (10 Volume Set, ISBN 0-08-043751-6, published in 2003). - Comprehensive and authoritative scope and focus - Reviews from renowned scientists across a range of subjects, providing both overviews and new data, supplemented by extensive bibliographies - Extensive illustrations and examples from the field

Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the fields of geoscience. It is subdivided into three parts: - theoretical and experimental principles; - fractionation mechanisms of light elements; - the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. In this updated 4th edition many of the chapters have been expanded, especially those on techniques and environmental aspects. The main focus is on recent results and new developments. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary reference with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems.

Download or read book STROMATOLITES Interaction of Microbes with Sediments written by Vinod Tewari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: STROMATOLITES: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments provides an overview and latest information about the formation of Stromatolites as a result of interaction of microbes with sediments. Eighty-three expert scientists from twenty-seven countries present the chapters in this volume which have been reviewed by thirty four referees. The volume deals with ancient to modern examples of stromatolites and microorganisms which are observed in various diverse environments, such as: marine, nonmarine, lacustrine and extreme geographical areas covering almost the whole earth. The reviews are original articles written by leading experienced experts, some chapters deal with latest instrumental techniques used for the study of microbes and Stromatolites. Other chapters have been contributed by young researchers who revealed updated data on Stromatolites. The astrobiological implications of early microbiota, sulfur isotopic ratios, microbialites in extreme conditions on earth has opened up new vistas in the search of extraterrestrial life.

Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by John W. Valley and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 43 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry follows the 1986 Reviews in Mineralogy (Vol. 16) in approach but reflects significant changes in the field of Stable Isotope Geochemistry. In terms of new technology, new sub-disciplines, and numbers of researchers, the field has changed more in the past decade than in any other since that of its birth. Unlike the 1986 volume, which was restricted to high temperature fields, this book covers a wider range of disciplines. However, it would not be possible to fit a comprehensive review into a single volume. Our goal is to provide state-of-the-art reviews in chosen subjects that have emerged or advanced greatly since 1986. This volume was prepared for Short Course on Stable Isotope Geochemistry presented November 2-4, 2001 in conjunction with the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America in Boston, Massachusetts.

Download or read book Earth s Earliest Biosphere written by J. William Schopf and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Description for this book, Earth's Earliest Biosphere: Its Origin and Evolution, will be forthcoming.

Download or read book Chemical Cycles in the Evolution of the Earth written by C. Bryan Gregor and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1988-04-29 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise review of the geochemical cycles of terrestrial evolution, written by well-known geochemists. Treatment is accessible, yet covers many geochemical specialties. Edited to provide an interdisciplinary approach for professionals and advanced students of geology, geochemistry, and earth and atmospheric sciences.

Download or read book Evolution of the Global Biogeochemical Sulphur Cycle written by Peter Brimblecombe and published by . This book was released on 1989-09-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chichester, West Sussex, England ; New York : Wiley, c1989.

Download or read book Sulfur isotope fractionation in marine sediments and bacterial cultures written by Kirsten S. Habicht and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: