Download or read book Concrete Manual written by United States. Bureau of Reclamation and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfate resistant Concrete written by U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fly Ash Increases Resistance of Concrete to Sulfate Attack written by James T Dikeou and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfate resistant Concrete Literature Review written by O. Lynn England and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A limited review of technical literature was made to determine the present state of knowledge concerning: (a) nature and mechaniem of sulfate attack on concrete; (b) methods of minimizing or preventing sulfate attack; and (c) methods of guarding or restoring existing structures affected by sulfate attack. The information obtained showed that, generally, the degree of sulfate attack on a concrete structure is dependent upon: (a) type of cement used; (b quality of concrete with regard to sulfate resistance; (c) local conditions (sulfate concentration in soil and ground water); and (d) surface protection. Before the structure is built, local conditions should be studied to determine the need for using Type II or V, or special cements, or for addition of pozzolans. In sulfate attack is expected, the quality of the concrete is of paramount importance. Surface coatings may be used as a precaution but cannot be substituted for good-quality concrete. After the structure is in place, surface coatings and adequate drainage are the only means of protecting the concrete from sulfate attack. (Author).
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Studies of the Sulfate Resistance of Concrete written by Bryant Mather and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Concrete Using Blended Cements Or Supplementary Cementitious Materials written by Javed I. Bhatty and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report briefly discusses the mechanism of sulfate attack and the role of selected supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in reducing this attack in concrete. The relationship between sulfate resistance and the chemical, physical, and mineralogical composition of SCMs has been elucidated. Based on a number of bench scale studies several models predicting sulfate resistance in fly ash-containing concretes have been cited and discussed. These include the derivations of 1) R factor related to active lime/iron oxide ratio, whereby low R factor values (3.0) favor sulfate resistance, 2) calcium aluminate potential factor (CAP) based on (lime + alumina + iron)/silica ratio and its direct relationship with calculated sulfate equivalent (CSE) to predict sulfate resistance, and 3) oxide durability factor (ODF) as a function of (lime · free lime)/(silica + alumina + iron) ratio, wherein a decrease in ODF corresponds to an increase in sulfate resistance. Although low C3A cement (Type V) is preferred in producing sulfate resistant concrete, replacing cement with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in large amounts ( 50%) has shown good sulfate resistance even with medium C3A cements. Similarly, the use of 7% silica fume with Type I cement also exhibited improved sulfate resistance compared with plain Type I cement. The report also discusses sulfate resistance of concrete that contained SCMs interground and optimized at the cement plant as compared to mixed at the concrete batch plant. From the very limited data available on the subject, use of interground SCMs with clinker has shown improved sulfate resistance for concrete, primarily attributed to finer and better particle size distribution that enhances the reactivity and reduces the permeability in concrete. The report also cites that the optimization of sulfate should be based on 3-day strength instead of 1-day strength as referred to by ASTM C 563. This may require a higher sulfate addition that can potentially improve sulfate resistance, as the porosity of the system would markedly reduce.
Download or read book Determination of Sulphates written by Agnes LaFoy Fay and published by . This book was released on 1905 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulphate Resistance of Portland Cement Concrete written by Donald Emerson Shirley and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alkali Activated Cements and Concretes written by Caijun Shi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-05-10 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first English-language book which reviews and summarizes worldwide research advances in alkali-activated cements and concrete. Essential topics include: raw materials and their properties for the production of the two new types of binder the hydration and microstructure development of alkali-activated slag cements the mechanical properties and durability of alkali-activated slag cement and concrete other various cementing systems and their applications related standards and specifications. This respected team of authors has produced an important piece of research that will be of great interest to professionals and academics alike, enabling the production of more durable and environmentally sensitive materials.
Download or read book Materials Science of Concrete written by Jacques Marchand and published by Wiley-American Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1999 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18 papers grapple with new problems and old ones that remain unresolved concerning sulfate attack on concrete, not considered one of the most prevalent mechanisms of concrete deterioration, but one that has received much attention lately because of costly litigation against manufacturers, developers, and others. The topics include the role of ettringite in external sulfate attack, microstructural alterations in permeable concrete, assessing damage and predicting service life of venerable concrete, a marine environment, and the adequacy of standards. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Performance of Concrete written by Thorbergur Thorvaldson and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sulfate Resistance of Blended Cements written by Kevser Duru Gölalmis and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various mechanisms affecting the durability of concrete, external sulfate attack was first identified in the early 1900s, and led to the discovery of sulfate resistant Portland cement (SRPC). Besides SRPC, another way of coping with the problem of sulfate attack is the use of supplementary cementitious materials either as an admixture to concrete or in the form of blended cements. This book presents an investigation on the sulfate resistance of blended cements containing different amounts of natural pozzolan and/or low-lime fly ash compared to ordinary Portland cement and sulfate resistant Portland cement. The effect of permeability as controlled by w/c on the sulfate resistance is also investigated. In addition, this book includes a thorough review of the literature for mechanism, types of sulfate attack (internal, external, physical, chemical), and factors affecting the sulfate attack.
Download or read book Performance of Cement Based Materials in Aggressive Aqueous Environments written by Mark Alexander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-18 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concrete and cement-based materials must operate in increasingly aggressive aqueous environments, which may be either natural or industrial. These materials may suffer degradation in which ion addition and/or ion exchange reactions occur, leading to a breakdown of the matrix microstructure and consequent weakening. Sometimes this degradation can be extremely rapid and serious such as in acidic environments, while in other cases degradation occurs over long periods. Consequences of material failure are usually severe – adversely affecting the health and well-being of human communities and disturbing ecological balances. There are also large direct costs of maintaining and replacing deteriorated infrastructure and indirect costs from loss of production during maintenance work, which place a great burden on society. The focus of this book is on addressing issues concerning performance of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments , by way of this State-of-the-Art Report. The book represents the work of many well-known and respected authors who contributed chapters or parts of chapters. Four main themes were addressed: I. Nature and kinetics of degradation and deterioration mechanisms of cement-based materials in aggressive aqueous environments, II. Modelling of deterioration in such environments, III. Test methods to assess performance of cement-based materials in such environments, and which can be used to characterise and rate relative performance and inform long term predictions, IV. Engineering implications and consequences of deterioration in aggressive aqueous environments, and engineering approaches to the problem.
Download or read book Resistance to Sulfate Attack of Concrete Using Special Cements as Compared with Concrete Using Type V Sulfate resisting Cement written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book George Verbeck Symposium on Sulfate Resistance of Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nonconventional Concrete Technologies written by Committee on Nonconventional Concrete Technologies for Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-08 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure identifies research and development opportunities in innovative, nonconventional materials and processes that have the potential to accelerate the construction process, improve the durability of highway pavement and bridges, and enhance the serviceability and longevity of new construction under adverse conditions.
Download or read book Producing Sulfate resistant Concrete and Achieving Equal Performance with Low CO2 Portland Limestone Cement written by Ashlee Hossack and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
