Download or read book Effect of Herbicide Residues on Spring and Fall seeded Cover Crops written by Li Yu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cover Crop and Herbicide Combinations for Session long Weed Control in Dry Beans written by Ryan T. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides remain an important weed management tool in dry edible beans but reducing reliance on herbicides through integrated weed management practices is important. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cover crops in combination with herbicides for weed suppression in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Field studies were conducted in 2021 and 2022 near Lingle and Powell, WY. Three small grain cover crop (winter wheat) treatments were planted in March (early), or in April (late), with a control treatment of no cover crop. Pinto beans were planted in early June and the cover crop was terminated with glyphosate on the day of bean planting. Each cover crop whole-plot was divided into four split-plots consisting of the following herbicide treatments: no herbicide, preemergence (PRE) herbicide application only (pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P), postemergence (POST) herbicide application only (bentazon + imazamox), and sequential PRE and POST herbicide application. Spring-planted winter wheat cover crop combined with herbicides had a beneficial effect on dry bean yield in 3 out of the 4 studies. Weed control failure in all treatments occurred at Lingle, 2022 due to presence of herbicide-resistant kochia. For the other three sites, POST herbicide had a greater impact on protecting dry bean yield than PRE herbicides or cover crops. Cover crop helped to reduce kochia and lambsquarters density but was even more consistent at reducing the aboveground biomass of these two weed species. The wheat cover crop failed to reduce hairy nightshade density, but this weed species was controlled by either PRE or POST herbicide application. POST herbicide application contributed the most to protecting dry bean grain yield, followed closely by PRE herbicide, and lastly by the cover crop.

Download or read book Response of Wheat Triticum Aestivum L Cultivars and Downy Brome Bromus Tectorum L to Metribuzin and Ethyl Metribuzin written by Muhammad Munir and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Downy brome (Bromus tectorum. L.), a serious grass weed in eastern Oregon can be partially controlled in wheat by metribuzin [4-amino-6-tertbutyl- 3-(methylthio)-as triazin -5(4H)-one]. However, cultivars of many crops Lave been reported to differ in their level of tolerance to metribuzin. This lack of tolerance has led to the investigation of other compounds, such as the ethylthio analog of metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyI-3-(ethylthio)-as-triazin- 5(4H)-on], for selective control of downy brome in wheat. Greenhouse and growth chamber experiments on wheat, growing in soil or nutrient solution showed that: 1) GR50 values for Stephens, Hill 81, Yanahill, and Malcolm in soil were 0.41, 0.23, 0.25, and 0.44 kg/ha, respectively, for metribuzin and 1.89, 1.29, 1.37, and 1.97 kg/ha, respectively, for ethyl metribuzin; 2) GR50 values for these cultivars in nutrient solution were 3.26, 1.17, 1.32, and 3.87 uM, respectively, for metribuzin and 12.69, 7.20, 7.19, and 13.41 uM, respectively, for ethyl metribuzin; 3) Uptake of both herbicides.; by wheat was through the roots; 4) Cultivars did not show any differences in herbicide absorption from the nutrient solution. Therefore, differences in varietal tolerance may be are due to biochemical or physiological reasons, but are not due to differences in herbicide uptake. Increased growth at lower concentrations of these herbicides was observed in all cultivars studied. Metribuzin was five times more active than ethyl metribuzin. Both of these herbicides can be applied as an early postemergence treatment at the 3 leaf stage of wheat for effective control of downy brome. Yield components of the four cultivars were measured in response to metribuzin and ethyl metribuzin at two ecologically different sites. The susceptible cultivars (Hill 81 and Yamhill) showed greater injury in the lighter soils with high pH and lower organic matter content. Visual estimates of crop injury were generally higher than the actual reduction in final yield. Crop injury ratings up to 25% generally did not show a significant reduction in final grain yield. A positive correlation between protein content and concentration of these herbicides was noted. A study on the joint action of these two herbicides in the field and greenhouse showed that the combination of the two, increased the control of downy brome at lower rates. Their combined action was studied by using Colby's method and isobole method of Tammes. The reaction was calculated as additive. Downy brome was 8, 5, 5, and 9 times more sensitive to metribuzin and 6, 4, 4, and 6, times more sensitive to ethyl metribuzin than were the cultivars Stephens, Hill 81, Yamhill, and Malcolm, respectively. The use of these two herbicides to control downy brome in the cultivars Hill 81 and Yamhill should be avoided unless careful attention is given to soil properties and environmental conditions.

Download or read book Weed Control Using Herbicides and Planting Pattern in Wheat written by Tesfay Amare and published by . This book was released on 2014-08-09 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1989-11 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluating the Interaction Between Herbicide and Fertilizer Application Timing to Improve Italian Ryegrass Control Grain Quality and Yield in Oklahoma Wheat Production written by Steven Robert Calhoun and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlling Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a serious problem for Oklahoma winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) producers to face. Italian ryegrass, when not controlled, reduces wheat yield and overall grain quality due to higher than acceptable levels of inert material. The overarching objective of this experiment was to evaluate the interaction between N fertilizer application timing and post-emergence herbicide application timing for control of Italian ryegrass. This interaction will be evaluated based on grain yield, grain quality (protein concentration and dockage in harvested grain), N accumulation in winter wheat and Italian ryegrass, biomass growth, and control of Italian ryegrass. Italian ryegrass was controlled with Axial XL (Pinoxaden) four times, three in the fall during 2011 and once in the fall of 2012 and once in the fall 2012 and twice in the spring of 2013. Tissue samples collect during the 2011-2012 growing season showed an increase in wheat biomass weights when Italian ryegrass populations were controlled. Good growing conditions early in the 2011-2012 growing season allowed wheat biomass to develop and out compete the Italian ryegrass. The greatest Italian ryegrass densities were discovered in the 0 Kg N ha−1 N application rate, poor fertility reduced the competitiveness of wheat. Yields in the weedy plots were slightly lower than the weed free plots that received the same amount of N. Although not significant at all locations between each N rate, the overall grain yields where increase between 37 to 521 Kg ha−1 when Italian ryegrass was controlled in the fall. The results found in the study can be used to better manage herbicide and N inputs for maximum weed control, grain quality, yield, and economic return.

Download or read book Potential Interaction Between Pre and Post emergence Herbicides and the Efficacy of Insecticide and Fungicide Seed Treatments in Cotton written by Cory Joseph Vineyard and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An apparent reduction in the performance of neonicotinoid seed treatments in controlling thrips, especially in cotton, has been observed, which has coincided with the increased use of both pre- and post-emergence herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant weeds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential interactions of both pre- and post-emergence herbicides on the efficacy of insecticide and fungicide seed treatments in cotton Aldicarb along with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam seed treatments reduced thrips numbers compared with non-treated seed. However, thiamethoxam did not provide effective control. Some pre-emergence herbicide treatments reduced plant health. While there was evidence that thrips injury and herbicides could both negatively affect plant health, there was little indication of interactions between these factors, indicating that the efficacy of thrips treatments was the primary factor affecting yield. Fungicide seed treatments also generally improved seedling health and improved stand density in all tests. In these tests, negative effects of pre-emergence herbicides on plant health were also observed, but these data indicated no interaction with fungicide seed treatments. Tests were also conducted to determine the potential interaction of insecticide seed treatments and post-emergence herbicides. In 2013, applications of glufosinate or glufosinate plus s-metolachlor caused substantial plant injury as evidenced by low vigor ratings, decreased plant biomass and height, and yield. While there was clear evidence that thrips and postemergence herbicides, especially glufosinate, negatively affected plant health, there was little evidence of interactions between these two factors. The role of microbial decay in the diminishing activity of neonicotinoid insecticides use as seed treatment was also tested. Sterilizing the soil reduced the concentrations of the imidacloprid and thiamethoxam metabolites indicating that soil microbes can degrade both insecticides. However, the amounts of degradation to secondary metabolites were relatively low, and it is unlikely that microbial metabolism of either insecticide would appreciably impact their performance as seed treatments. Collectively, these data indicate the negative impacts of thrips, seedling disease and herbicide injury would be additive. Using herbicides at recommended rates and according to label restriction should reduce the risk of compounding the effects of thrips or seedling disease with herbicide injury.

Download or read book Evaluating Bio Efficacy of Pre Emergence Herbicides with Rice Straw Mulch for Weed Management in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L With CD Copy written by Sharad and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Selected Environmental Factors on Diuron Toxicity to Winter Wheat written by Wylie Buress Homesley and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous work has shown that diuron (3-(3, 4- dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea) is less toxic to fall-planted wheat than to wheat planted in the spring. Diuron has been a significant factor in increasing yields of winter wheat grown in Oregon's Willamette Valley. The influence of several selected environmental factors on diuron toxicity to Nugaines winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were observed. Glasshouse, field and growth chamber studies were conducted using Chehalis loamy sand. Wheat grown in water temperature baths indicated that soil temperature had an important influence on diuron toxicity. Plants grown at 20 C were injured more severely than at 5 C soil temperature. Two intensities were used to study the effects of light in a range from 400 to 1600 ft-c. In these experiments strict control of other environmental factors was not achieved, but evidence was obtained that increased injury from diuron occurs with increased light intensity. Injury symptoms occurred earlier and were more severe under the higher intensities. In another study, plants were kept under 1000 ft-c light until minor symptoms developed. When one-half of these plants were exposed to eight hours of full sunlight almost complete chlorosis was observed in diuron-treated plants. No visible change occurred in treated plants left in the growth chamber. This study indicated that sunlight has an effect other than its influence on transpiration rate in causing injury to wheat. Soil moisture at the time of diuron application was studied in a glasshouse. Treated plants grown in soil which was wet when sprayed were not different from those grown in soil which was dry when sprayed and then watered. Fertility experiments produced conflicting results. In one, increased fertility increased injury. In another, experimental plants receiving one rate of complete fertilizer had less injury than plants receiving twice this rate or those receiving no added fertility. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship of fertility level to diuron toxicity. Wheat grown in a glasshouse in soil maintained at field capacity was injured more by diuron than when the soil was maintained below field capacity. No difference in injury was found between plants grown in soil maintained at 70 or 85% field capacity. A field experiment was conducted to see what effect date of planting would have on pre-emergence applications of diuron to Nugaines wheat. Excessive injury occurred at all rates used. Less injury occurred to wheat following pre-emergence application of diuron in a late fall than in an early fall development. The resistance of Nugaines, a new variety, to diuron was compared in a glasshouse to the resistance of a standard variety, Druchamp. Nugaines was injured more by diuron than Druchamp. In a soil placement study, diuron was found to be taken up through the roots with little or no uptake through the emerging coleoptile. Herbicide effectiveness varied with closeness to seed. A narrow band of herbicide placed just below the seed produced more injury than when an untreated layer two-thirds inch thick was interspersed between the seed and. the treated layer. With the same total amount of diuron, more injury occurred from a narrow band than from a band twice as wide. Glasshouse studies indicated that depth of planting was the most important factor studied. Injury to wheat decreased while increasing depth of planting to one and one-half inches. No difference in diuron injury from applications in various stages of early development was observed. Stage of growth, at least up to three inches high, does not appear to be a major factor in folerance. An experiment using an infrared gas analyzer within a growth chamber revealed that wheat had not overcome two and three-hour exposures to a 10−5 M diuron solution 24 hours after treatment. Photosynthesis was completely inhibited prior to any visual diuron symptom development. No injury symptoms were evident when the plants were harvested 16 days after treatment although foliage yields were much reduced. On well-drained soils, diuron toxicity to wheat can be reduced by deeper plantings, lower light intensity and lower soil temperature. The results of these studies point out the need for seeding to the maximum practical depth with suitable commercial grain drills. Wheat should be planted in heavier soils which are adequately drained at a time when periods of low temperature and light intensity are likely to follow.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture with Subject Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Variable Rate Application of Herbicides for Weed Management in Pre and Postemergence written by Kassio Ferreira Mendes and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of precision agriculture, it was possible to integrate several technologies to develop the variable rate application (VRA). The use of VRA allows savings in the use of herbicides, better weed control, lower environmental impact and, indirectly, increased crop productivity. There are VRA techniques based on maps and sensors for herbicide application in preemergence (PRE) and postemergence (POST). The adoption of the type of system will depend on the investment capacity of the producer, skilled workforce available, and the modality of application. Although it still has some limitations, VRA has been widespread and has been occupying more and more space in chemical management, the tendency in the medium- and long term is that there is a gradual replacement of the conventional method of application. Given the benefits provided by VRA along with the engagement of companies and researchers, there will be constant evolution and improvement of this technology, cheapening the costs of implementation and providing its adoption by an increasing number of producers. Thus, the objective of this chapter was to address an overview of the use of herbicides in VRA for weed management in PRE and POST.

Download or read book Studies on the Effect of Some Pre and Post Emergence Herbicides on the Weed Control in Jower Sorghum Vulgara Pers written by C. Narasimha Reddy and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Developments in Stubble Retention in Cropping System in Southern Australia written by New South Wales and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Grains Research & Development Corporation has commissioned this review as an update of the Graham Centre monograph no. 1, 'Stubble retention in cropping systems in southern Australia : benefits and challenges'".-- Foreword.

Download or read book Recent Advances in Weed Management written by Bhagirath S. Chauhan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-10 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses recent developments in weed science. These developments include conservation agriculture and conservation tillage, climate change, environmental concerns about the runoff of agrochemicals, resistance of weeds and crops to herbicides, and the need for a vastly improved understanding of weed ecology and herbicide use. The book provides details on harnessing knowledge of weed ecology to improve weed management in different crops and presents information on opportunities in weed management in different crops. Current management practices are also covered, along with guidance for selecting herbicides and using them effectively. Written by experts in the field and supplemented with instructive illustrations and tables, Recent Advances in Weed Management is an essential reference for agricultural specialists and researchers, government agents, extension specialists, and professionals throughout the agrochemical industry, as well as a foundation for advanced students taking courses in weed science.

Download or read book Wheat written by S. S. Singh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat is the most widely grown and consumed cereal in the world and its demand is expected to grow due to increasing population, change in food habits in favour of wheat and nutritional requirements. Despite adverse effects of biotic and abiotic stresses, India harvested all time high wheat production of 85.93 million tons from 29.5 million hectare during 2010-11. To address the challenges of plateauing yield, anticipated threats and researchable issues, an International Group Meeting was organized during February 9-12, 2011. In this international event, renowned researchers of different disciplines representing wheat growing countries deliberated on various issues. The information encompasses various researchable areas, possible impact of climate change and future strategies to enhance wheat production on sustainable basis. This book will be very useful for the wheat researchers, students and policy makers for ensuring food and nutritional security at global level.

Download or read book Handbook of Seed Physiology written by Roberto Benech-Arnold and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-09-21 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest findings in seed physiologydiscussed as they relate to agricultural problems! Presenting the latest findings in the area of seed physiology as well as the practical applications of that knowledge in the field, the Handbook of Seed Physiology: Applications to Agriculture provides a comprehensive view of seed biology and it

Download or read book Tillage written by P. S. Cornish and published by ISBS. This book was released on 1987 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: