Download or read book Studies Of Cloud Convection And Precipitation Processes Using Satellite Observations written by William B Rossow and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds, convection and precipitation processes are central components of Earth's weather and climate. They are produced by atmospheric motions across a very wide range of space-time scales from local weather to long-term global climate variation. They feedback on these motions by perturbing the heating/cooling that drive the atmospheric circulation. These processes also perturb the oceanic circulation and land surface properties that affect the atmospheric circulation.Because of the coupling of the atmosphere-ocean-land system across all scales by cloud, convection and precipitation processes, studying their behaviors requires measurements in space-time variations across all these scales simultaneously. Satellite constellations with global coverage and high time resolution offer the ideal platforms for such observations. This book summarizes some of the latest research using combinations of various satellite observations to study these processes and to evaluate their representations in global weather and climate models.Included with this publication are downloadable electronic slides and accompanying notes of each lecture for students, teachers, and public speakers around the world to be better able to understand cloud, convection and precipitation processes.

Download or read book Clouds and Their Climatic Impact written by Sylvia Sullivan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-12-19 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts Clouds are an influential and complex element of Earth’s climate system. They evolve rapidly in time and exist over small spatial scales, but also affect global radiative balance and large-scale circulations. With more powerful models and extensive observations now at our disposal, the climate impact of clouds is receiving ever more research attention. Clouds and Their Climatic Impacts: Radiation, Circulation, and Precipitation presents an overview of our current understanding on various types of clouds and cloud systems and their multifaceted role in the radiative budget, circulation patterns, and rainfall. Volume highlights include: Interactions of aerosol with both liquid and ice clouds Surface and atmospheric cloud radiative feedbacks and effects Arctic, extratropical, and tropical clouds Cloud-circulation coupling at global, meso, and micro scales Precipitation efficiency, phase, and measurements The role of machine learning in understanding clouds and climate The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Download or read book Characterizing Deep Convective Cloud Properties and Their Energetic Impacts in Satellite Observations written by Juliet Ann Pilewskie and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because atmospheric deep convection plays an important role in influencing Earth's global energy budget, it is increasingly important to consider how deep convective cloud and energetic properties might change due to a changing climate. Deep convective vertical intensity may increase in regions that are becoming increasingly moist in response to warming sea surface temperatures, which could alter precipitation, anvil cloud development, and their radiative response. The focus of this work, therefore, is to document the relationships between these properties applied to our present-day understanding of how convection fundamentally contributes to the Earth's energy budget: by 1) vertically transporting energy and mass to the upper troposphere, 2) balancing clear-sky radiative cooling through latent heating, and 3) modulating the top-of-atmospheric radiative energy budget. The processes influencing how convective updraft strength relates to cloud and precipitation development occur on the convective cloud scale and smaller, so it is necessary to document such characteristics on these scales. We begin by providing a near-global perspective of convection using a database of "convective objects" generated from ten years of A-Train measurements. By leveraging CloudSat's ability to distinguish convective cores, we define a proxy for a convective core vertical intensity based on the height of the attenuating radar signal. Over the tropics, these observations support previous insights from a precipitation perspective on where storms are the most intense. Motivated by wanting to understand deep convective contributions to lateral energy transport, we next document how the intensity and frequency of deep convective cores that reach the tropopause (hot towers) relate to anvil cloud and precipitation productivity within the tropics. It is found that the largest amount of mass within the upper troposphere supplied by hot towers is not geographically where the most precipitation and largest anvil extents occur. Motivated by convection's influence on the top-of-atmospheric radiative energy budget, we analyze how convective core depth and anvil structure influence their cloud radiative effects. We find that the most vertically intense systems more often contribute a warming at the top of the atmosphere compared to weaker systems, which holds across different regions in the tropics. Finally, we explore how these relationships are sensitive to large-scale environmental conditions to provide benchmark relationships for modeling studies assessing high cloud feedbacks in a changing climate.

Download or read book Cloud Resolving Modeling of Convective Processes written by Xiaofan Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an updated and revised second edition of the book presenting new developments in the field of cloud-resolving modeling. The first edition of the book introduces the framework of cloud-resolving model, methodologies for analysis of modeling outputs, and validation of simulations with observations. It details important scientific findings in the aspects of surface rainfall processes, precipitation efficiency, dynamic and thermodynamic processes associated with tropical convection, diurnal variations, radiative and cloud microphysical processes associated with development of cloud clusters, air-sea coupling on convective scales, climate equilibrium states, and remote sensing applications. In additional to the content from the first edition of the book, the second edition of the book contains the new scientific results in the development of convective-stratiform rainfall separation scheme, the analysis of structures of precipitation systems, the thermal effects of doubled carbon dioxide on rainfall, precipitation predictability, and modeling depositional growth of ice crystal. The book will be beneficial both to graduate students and to researchers who do cloud, mesoscale and global modeling.

Download or read book Shallow Clouds Water Vapor Circulation and Climate Sensitivity written by Robert Pincus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a series of overview articles arising from a workshop exploring the links among shallow clouds, water vapor, circulation, and climate sensitivity. It provides a state-of-the art synthesis of understanding about the coupling of clouds and water vapor to the large-scale circulation. The emphasis is on two phenomena, namely the self-aggregation of deep convection and interactions between low clouds and the large-scale environment, with direct links to the sensitivity of climate to radiative perturbations. Each subject is approached using simulations, observations, and synthesizing theory; particular attention is paid to opportunities offered by new remote-sensing technologies, some still prospective. The collection provides a thorough grounding in topics representing one of the World Climate Research Program’s Grand Challenges. Previously published in Surveys in Geophysics, Volume 38, Issue 6, 2017 The aritcles “Observing Convective Aggregation”, “An Observational View of Relationships Between Moisture Aggregation, Cloud, and Radiative Heating Profiles”, “Implications of Warm Rain in Shallow Cumulus and Congestus Clouds for Large-Scale Circulations”, “A Survey of Precipitation-Induced Atmospheric Cold Pools over Oceans and Their Interactions with the Larger-Scale Environment”, “Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Cloud-Controlling Factors: A Review”, “Mechanisms and Model Diversity of Trade-Wind Shallow Cumulus Cloud Feedbacks: A Review”, “Structure and Dynamical Influence of Water Vapor in the Lower Tropical Troposphere”, “Emerging Technologies and Synergies for Airborne and Space-Based Measurements of Water Vapor Profiles”, “Observational Constraints on Cloud Feedbacks: The Role of Active Satellite Sensors”, and “EUREC4A: A Field Campaign to Elucidate the Couplings Between Clouds, Convection and Circulation” are available as open access articles under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

Download or read book Clouds and Climate written by A. Pier Siebesma and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive overview of research on clouds and their role in our present and future climate, for advanced students and researchers.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Clouds and Precipitation written by Constantin Andronache and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents current applications of remote sensing techniques for clouds and precipitation for the benefit of students, educators, and scientists. It covers ground-based systems such as weather radars and spaceborne instruments on satellites. Measurements and modeling of precipitation are at the core of weather forecasting, and long-term observations of the cloud system are vital to improving atmospheric models and climate projections. The first section of the book focuses on the use of ground-based weather radars to observe and measure precipitation and to detect and forecast storms, thunderstorms, and tornadoes. It also discusses the observation of clouds using ground-based millimeter radar. The second part of the book concentrates on spaceborne remote sensing of clouds and precipitation. It includes cases from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, using satellite radars to observe precipitation systems. Then, the focus is on global cloud observations from the ClaudSat, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), including a perspective on the Earth Clouds, Aerosols, and Radiation Explorer (EarthCARE) satellite. It also addresses global atmospheric water vapor profiling for clear and cloudy conditions using microwave observations. The final part of this volume provides a perspective into advances in cloud modeling using remote sensing observations.

Download or read book Current Trends in the Representation of Physical Processes in Weather and Climate Models written by David A. Randall and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the development of physical parameterization over the last 2 to 3 decades and provides a roadmap for its future development. It covers important physical processes: convection, clouds, radiation, land-surface, and the orographic effect. The improvement of numerical models for predicting weather and climate at a variety of places and times has progressed globally. However, there are still several challenging areas, which need to be addressed with a better understanding of physical processes based on observations, and to subsequently be taken into account by means of improved parameterization. And this is all the more important since models are increasingly being used at higher horizontal and vertical resolutions. Encouraging debate on the cloud-resolving approach or the hybrid approach with parameterized convection and grid-scale cloud microphysics and its impact on models’ intrinsic predictability, the book offers a motivating reference guide for all researchers whose work involves physical parameterization problems and numerical models.

Download or read book Satellite Measurements of Clouds and Precipitation written by Hirohiko Masunaga and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a thorough introductory description of the physical principles underlying the satellite remote sensing of clouds and precipitation. A diverse collection of satellite sensors is covered, including imagers, radars, and sounders over a broad spectral range from visible to microwave radiation. The progress in satellite instrument technology during the past two decades as represented by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), CloudSat, and Global Measurement Mission (GPM) satellites has drastically improved our capability of measuring clouds and precipitation across the globe. At the same time, such rapid progress makes it increasingly challenging for scientists without specialized skills in remote sensing to fully grasp how satellite measurements are being made. This book is designed to mitigate that challenge. The targeted readers are graduate students and professional scientists seeking an extended summary of the theoretical background behind observations from space, ranging from fundamental physics (the statistical mechanics and radiative processes, for instance) to more practical levels of theory such as retrieval algorithm design.

Download or read book On the Interactions Between Clouds and Atmospheric Circulation in the Tropics and Midlatitudes written by Casey J. Wall and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cloud radiative feedbacks are the largest source of uncertainty in climate projections. It has been shown that narrowing this uncertainty will require a better understanding of the two-way interactions between clouds and the atmospheric circulation. Understanding cloud-circulation interactions and constraining cloud-climate feedbacks are therefore important and urgent goals in climate research. These topics are investigated in this thesis. In Part A, satellite observations are used to study the interactions between clouds and atmospheric circulation over the Southern Ocean. Atmospheric motions modify the boundary-layer stratification, inversion strength, and large-scale vertical motion, and in doing so, modulate clouds. Surface heat fluxes also significantly modulate shallow clouds. The ability of climate models to simulate these processes is investigated. Climate models consistently struggle to accurately represent shallow clouds in subfreezing environments. The implications of these model biases for uncertainty in cloud-climate feedbacks is discussed. In Part B, cloud-circulation interactions are investigated over the warm and convective tropical oceans. In these regions, the average shortwave and longwave cloud radiative effects are individually large but nearly cancel at the top of the atmosphere. It has been hypothesized that this cancellation is caused by two-way interactions between clouds, atmospheric circulation, and sea surface temperature (SST). This hypothesis is investigated using a variety of satellite observations and climate model simulations. First, observations from polar-orbiting satellites are used to investigate the relationships between large-scale circulation and cloud properties. Next, a cloud-tracking algorithm is applied to geostationary satellite observations and is used to study the evolution of clouds, the ambient environment, and the underlying SST over the life cycle of convective storms. Finally, a climate model in global radiative-convective equilibrium configuration is used to investigate the impact of cloud-circulation-SST interactions on tropical climate. All three studies are consistent with the hypothesis that cloud-circulation-SST interactions cause the close balance in cloud radiative effects over warm tropical oceans. It is hypothesized that this mechanism could constrain cloud-climate feedbacks in the warm and convective tropics.

Download or read book Clouds in Climate written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Some Theoretical Problems Concerning the Microphysical Processes of Precipitation Cloud and Fog written by Koo Chen-Chao and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The monograph presents the results of investigations of the theoretical problems concerning the microphysics of precipitation processes, cloud, and fog. The studies, based mainly on observational data over China, involve the growth of gigantic salt nuclei and rainfall from warm clouds. The former plays an important role in the enolution of precipitation processes whereas a knowledge of the latter is much needed in theoretical investigations and the systematic description of actual conditions over China. Some articles are devoted to studies of the influence of convective bubbles on the micro-physical processes of precipitation, while others deal with problems on the second peak in the spectral profile of raindrops, which is a prominent feature in observations within clouds. Problems on the superadiabatic concentration of moisture are also treated. The analysis of the above problems will lead to a better understanding of the micro-physics of precipitation, cloud, and fog and provides useful clues for further investigations in this field. It will be helpful in problems on increasing the efficiency of artificial stimulation of precipitation. This monograph may also serve as a reference text for students and teachers in higher educational institutions.

Download or read book An Airborne Remote Sensing Perspective on Cloud and Precipitation Properties from Southeast Atlantic Stratocumulus Clouds written by Andrew Michael Dzambo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratocumulus (StCu) clouds cover a majority of the Earth's subtropical oceanic basins, and play an important role in the global energy balance. Cloud and precipitation processes in StCu are complex, and aerosol effects add further complexity to the cloud-precipitation-climate paradigm, where these interactions are among the most widely uncertain processes in present-day climate models. The NASA ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their intEractionS (ORACLES) field campaign between 2016-18 observed cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions over the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. One of the 20+ instruments deployed during ORACLES was the Airborne Precipitation Radar - 3rd Generation (APR-3). The APR-3 collected over 18 million profiles during the three deployments. A precipitation retrieval algorithm (called 2C-RAIN) was adapted from the CloudSat 2C-RAIN-PROFILE precipitation retrieval algorithm to meet ORACLES science objectives. The majority of 2C-RAIN precipitation rates were under 0.01 mm/hr (0.25 mm/day). The sampling environments were considerably different in 2016 compared to 2017 and 2018, necessitating further investigation accounting for environmental controls. Cloud water path (CWP) retrievals were added to the 2C-RAIN algorithm. This retrieval expanded the utility of APR-3 measurements by collocating cloud and precipitation properties (namely CWP and RWP) for the investigation of aerosol indirect effects. This work find typical CWP to RWP ratios on the order of 50:1 to 200:1, implying CWP dominates the total liquid water path (LWP) signal. When partitioning rain rates with CWP and RWP for aerosol contact and non-contact cases, statistically significant differences are found in stable environments for CWP/RWP but not for retrieved rain rates, likely owing to the 100% and larger uncertainties associated with precipitation rate retrievals. Finally, evaporation processes are investigated between drizzling virga and surface precipitation. Evaporation rates/fluxes and corresponding latent cooling rates, between surface precipitation and virga, are on the order of 2:1 implying that surface precipitation contributes the most latent cooling to the local environment. Evaporating virga, regardless, cannot be ignored when studying latent heating and cooling. The development of the 2C-RAIN database for ORACLES, and analyses presented here, pave the way for additional observation-based studies in an area where satellite measurements have limited viability.

Download or read book Analysis and Modeling of Summertime Convective Cloud and Precipitation Structure Over the Southeastern United States written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of an investigation of deep convective cloud systems that typify the summertime subtropical environment of northern Alabama is presented. The major portion of the research effort included analysis of data acquired during the 1986 Cooperative Huntsville Meteorological Experiment (COHMEX), which consisted of the joint programs Satellite Precipitation and Cloud Experiment (SPACE) under NASA direction, the Microburst and Service Thunderstorm (MIST) Program under NSF sponsorship, and the FAA-Lincoln Laboratory Weather Study (FLOWS). This work relates closely to the SPACE component of COHMEX, one of the general goals of which was to further the understanding of kinematic and precipitation structure of convective cloud systems. The special observational plateforms that were available under the SPACE/COHMEX Program are shown. The original objectives included studies of both isolated deep convection and of (small) mesoscale convection systems that are observed in the Southeast environment. In addition, it was proposed to include both observational and comparative numerical modeling studies of these characteristic cloud systems. Changes in scope were made during the course of this investigation to better accommodate both the manpower available and the data that was acquired. A greater emphasis was placed on determination of the internal structure of small mesoscale convective systems, and the relationship of internal dynamical and microphysical processes to the observed cloud top behavior as inferred from GOES IR (30 min) data. The major accomplishments of this investigation are presented. Knupp, Kevin R. Unspecified Center ALABAMA; CLOUD PHYSICS; CONVECTION CLOUDS; MESOSCALE PHENOMENA; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS...

Download or read book Mixed Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling

Download or read book NOAA s Role in Space Based Global Precipitation Estimation and Application written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-03-13 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) uses precipitation data in many applications including hurricane forecasting. Currently, NOAA uses data collected from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite that was launched in 1997 by NASA in cooperation with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. NASA is now making plans to launch the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission in 2013 to succeed TRMM, which was originally intended as a 3 to 5 year mission but has enough fuel to orbit until 2012. The GPM mission consists of a "core" research satellite flying with other "constellation" satellites to provide global precipitation data products at three-hour intervals. This book is the second in a 2-part series from the National Research Council on the future of rainfall measuring missions. The book recommends that NOAA begin its GPM mission preparations as soon as possible and that NOAA develop a strategic plan for the mission using TRMM experience as a guide. The first book in the series, Assessment of the Benefits of Extending the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (December 2004), recommended that the TRMM mission be extended as long as possible because of the quality, uniqueness, and many uses of its data. NASA has officially extended the TRMM mission until 2009.

Download or read book Global Energy and Water Cycles written by K. A. Browning and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-02 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive treatment of models and processes related to water fluxes for meteorologists, hydrologists and oceanographers.