Download or read book Students Conceptions of Variables and Their Uses for Generalization of Mathematical Patterns written by Donna Elaine Bird Ericksen and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Teaching and Learning Patterns in School Mathematics written by Ferdinand Rivera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book synthesizes research findings on patterns in the last twenty years or so in order to argue for a theory of graded representations in pattern generalization. While research results drawn from investigations conducted with different age-level groups have sufficiently demonstrated varying shifts in structural awareness and competence, which influence the eventual shape of an intended generalization, such shifts, however, are not necessarily permanent due to other pertinent factors such as the complexity of patterning tasks. The book proposes an alternative view of pattern generalization, that is, one that is not about shifts or transition phases but graded depending on individual experiences with target patterns. The theory of graded representations involving pattern generalization offers a much more robust understanding of differences in patterning competence since it is sensitive to varying levels of entry into generalization. Empirical evidence will be provided to demonstrate this alternative view, which is drawn from the author’s longitudinal work with elementary and middle school children, including several investigations conducted with preservice elementary majors. Two chapters of the book will be devoted to extending pattern generalization activity to arithmetic and algebraic learning of concepts and processes. The concluding chapter addresses the pedagogical significance of pattern learning in the school mathematics curriculum. ​

Download or read book Teaching and Learning Algebraic Thinking with 5 to 12 Year Olds written by Carolyn Kieran and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights new developments in the teaching and learning of algebraic thinking with 5- to 12-year-olds. Based on empirical findings gathered in several countries on five continents, it provides a wealth of best practices for teaching early algebra. Building on the work of the ICME-13 (International Congress on Mathematical Education) Topic Study Group 10 on Early Algebra, well-known authors such as Luis Radford, John Mason, Maria Blanton, Deborah Schifter, and Max Stephens, as well as younger scholars from Asia, Europe, South Africa, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand, present novel theoretical perspectives and their latest findings. The book is divided into three parts that focus on (i) epistemological/mathematical aspects of algebraic thinking, (ii) learning, and (iii) teaching and teacher development. Some of the main threads running through the book are the various ways in which structures can express themselves in children’s developing algebraic thinking, the roles of generalization and natural language, and the emergence of symbolism. Presenting vital new data from international contexts, the book provides additional support for the position that essential ways of thinking algebraically need to be intentionally fostered in instruction from the earliest grades.

Download or read book Seventh Grade Students Understanding of Variables written by Randolph A. Philipp and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How Students Think When Doing Algebra written by Steve Rhine and published by IAP. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algebra is the gateway to college and careers, yet it functions as the eye of the needle because of low pass rates for the middle school/high school course and students’ struggles to understand. We have forty years of research that discusses the ways students think and their cognitive challenges as they engage with algebra. This book is a response to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics’ (NCTM) call to better link research and practice by capturing what we have learned about students’ algebraic thinking in a way that is usable by teachers as they prepare lessons or reflect on their experiences in the classroom. Through a Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE) grant, 17 teachers and mathematics educators read through the past 40 years of research on students’ algebraic thinking to capture what might be useful information for teachers to know—over 1000 articles altogether. The resulting five domains addressed in the book (Variables & Expressions, Algebraic Relations, Analysis of Change, Patterns & Functions, and Modeling & Word Problems) are closely tied to CCSS topics. Over time, veteran math teachers develop extensive knowledge of how students engage with algebraic concepts—their misconceptions, ways of thinking, and when and how they are challenged to understand—and use that knowledge to anticipate students’ struggles with particular lessons and plan accordingly. Veteran teachers learn to evaluate whether an incorrect response is a simple error or the symptom of a faulty or naïve understanding of a concept. Novice teachers, on the other hand, lack the experience to anticipate important moments in the learning of their students. They often struggle to make sense of what students say in the classroom and determine whether the response is useful or can further discussion (Leatham, Stockero, Peterson, & Van Zoest 2011; Peterson & Leatham, 2009). The purpose of this book is to accelerate early career teachers’ “experience” with how students think when doing algebra in middle or high school as well as to supplement veteran teachers’ knowledge of content and students. The research that this book is based upon can provide teachers with insight into the nature of a student’s struggles with particular algebraic ideas—to help teachers identify patterns that imply underlying thinking. Our book, How Students Think When Doing Algebra, is not intended to be a “how to” book for teachers. Instead, it is intended to orient new teachers to the ways students think and be a book that teachers at all points in their career continually pull of the shelf when they wonder, “how might my students struggle with this algebraic concept I am about to teach?” The primary audience for this book is early career mathematics teachers who don’t have extensive experience working with students engaged in mathematics. However, the book can also be useful to veteran teachers to supplement their knowledge and is an ideal resource for mathematics educators who are preparing preservice teachers.

Download or read book Approaches to Algebra written by N. Bednarz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Greek geometry, there is an arithmetic of magnitudes in which, in terms of numbers, only integers are involved. This theory of measure is limited to exact measure. Operations on magnitudes cannot be actually numerically calculated, except if those magnitudes are exactly measured by a certain unit. The theory of proportions does not have access to such operations. It cannot be seen as an "arithmetic" of ratios. Even if Euclidean geometry is done in a highly theoretical context, its axioms are essentially semantic. This is contrary to Mahoney's second characteristic. This cannot be said of the theory of proportions, which is less semantic. Only synthetic proofs are considered rigorous in Greek geometry. Arithmetic reasoning is also synthetic, going from the known to the unknown. Finally, analysis is an approach to geometrical problems that has some algebraic characteristics and involves a method for solving problems that is different from the arithmetical approach. 3. GEOMETRIC PROOFS OF ALGEBRAIC RULES Until the second half of the 19th century, Euclid's Elements was considered a model of a mathematical theory. This may be one reason why geometry was used by algebraists as a tool to demonstrate the accuracy of rules otherwise given as numerical algorithms. It may also be that geometry was one way to represent general reasoning without involving specific magnitudes. To go a bit deeper into this, here are three geometric proofs of algebraic rules, the frrst by Al-Khwarizmi, the other two by Cardano.

Download or read book Volume 1 Research Syntheses written by M. Kathleen Heid and published by IAP. This book was released on 2008-07-01 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to NCTM’s Principles and Standards for School mathematics, "Technology is essential in teaching and learning of mathematics; it influences the mathematics that is taught and it enhances students’ learning.” How does research inform this clarion call for technology in mathematics teaching and learning? In response to the need to craft appropriate roles for technology in school mathematics new technological approaches have been applied to the teaching and learning of mathematics, and these approaches have been examined by researchers world-wide. The first volume provides insight into what research suggests about the nature of mathematics learning in technological environments. Included in this volume are syntheses of research on technology in the learning of rational number, algebra, elementary and secondary geometry, mathematical modeling, and calculus. Additional chapters synthesize research on technology in the practice of teaching and on equity issues in the use of technology in mathematics instruction. Instead of simply reporting achievement scores of students who use technology in their learning, authors provide thoughtful analyses of bodies of research with the goal of understanding the ways in which technology affects what and how students learn. Each of the chapters in this volume is written by a team of experts whose own research has provided important guidance to the field.

Download or read book Mathematical Creativity and Mathematical Giftedness written by Florence Mihaela Singer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the relationships between mathematical creativity and mathematical giftedness. It gathers the results of a literature review comprising all papers addressing mathematical creativity and giftedness presented at the International Congress on Mathematical Education (ICME) conferences since 2000. How can mathematical creativity contribute to children’s balanced development? What are the characteristics of mathematical giftedness in early ages? What about these characteristics at university level? What teaching strategies can enhance creative learning? How can young children’s mathematical promise be preserved and cultivated, preparing them for a variety of professions? These are some of the questions addressed by this book. The book offers, among others: analyses of substantial learning environments that promote creativity in mathematics lessons; discussions of a variety of strategies for posing and solving problems; investigations of students’ progress throughout their schooling; and examinations of technological tools and virtual resources meant to enhance learning with understanding. Multiple perspectives in the interdisciplinary fields of mathematical creativity and giftedness are developed to offer a springboard for further research. The theoretical and empirical studies included in the book offer a valuable resource for researchers, as well as for teachers of gifted students in specialized or inclusive settings, at various levels of education.

Download or read book Classroom Ready Rich Algebra Tasks Grades 6 12 written by Barbara J. Dougherty and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2023-03-15 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stop algebra from being a mathematical gatekeeper. With rich math tasks, all students can succeed. Every teacher strives to make instruction effective and interesting, yet traditional methods of teaching algebra are not working for many students! That’s a problem. But the answer isn’t to supplement the curriculum with random tasks. Classroom Ready-Rich Math Tasks for Grades 6-12 equips you with a cohesive solution--50+ mathematical tasks that are rich, research-based, standards-aligned, and classroom-tested. The tasks: Are organized into learning progressions that help all students make the leap from arithmetic to algebra Offer students interesting mathematics problems to think about and solve so math is investigative, interactive, and engaging Provide opportunities for you to connect new content to prior knowledge or focus on an underdeveloped concept Engage students in conceptual understanding, procedural practice, and problem solving through critical thinking and application Come with downloadable planning tools, student resource pages, and extension questions Include additional support for students who may be struggling Every learner deserves opportunities to engage in meaningful, rigorous mathematics. And every teacher can develop mathematical thinking and reasoning abilities in students. Part of the bestselling series spanning elementary and middle school, Classroom-Ready Rich Algebra Tasks, Grades 6-12 is a powerful add-on to any core mathematics program at your school.

Download or read book Mathematics as the Science of Patterns written by Patrick M. Jenlink and published by IAP. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics as the Science of Patterns: Making the Invisible Visible to Students through Teaching introduces the reader to a collection of thoughtful, research-based works by authors that represent current thinking about mathematics, mathematics education, and the preparation of mathematics teachers. Each chapter focuses on mathematics teaching and the preparation of teachers who will enter classrooms to instruct the next generation of students in mathematics. The value of patterns to the teaching and learning of mathematics is well understood, both in terms of research and application. When we involve or appeal to pattern in teaching mathematics, it is usually because we are trying to help students to extract greater meaning, or enjoyment, or both, from the experience of learning environments within which they are occupied, and perhaps also to facilitate remembering. As a general skill it is thought that the ability to discern a pattern is a precursor to the ability to generalize and abstract, a skill essential in the early years of learning and beyond. Research indicates that the larger problem in teaching mathematics does not lie primarily with students; rather it is with the teachers themselves. In order to make changes for students there first needs to be a process of change for teachers. Understanding the place of patterns in learning mathematics is a predicate to understanding how to teach mathematics and how to use pedagogical reasoning necessary in teaching mathematics. Importantly, the lack of distinction created by the pedagogical use of patterns is not immediately problematic to the student or the teacher. The deep-seated cognitive patterns that both teachers and students bring to the classroom require change. Chapter 1 opens the book with a focus on mathematics as the science of patterns and the importance of patterns in mathematical problem solving, providing the reader with an introduction. The authors of Chapter 2 revisit the work of Po lya and the development and implementation of problem solving in mathematics. In Chapter 3, the authors present an argument for core pedagogical content knowledge in mathematics teacher preparation. The authors of Chapter 4 focus on preservice teachers’ patterns of conception as related to understanding number and operation. In Chapter 5 the authors examine the role of visual representation in exploring proportional reasoning, denoting the importance of helping learners make their thinking visible. The authors of Chapter 6 examine patterns and relationships, and the importance of each in assisting students’ learning and development in mathematical understanding. The authors of Chapter 7 examine the use of worked examples as a scalable practice, with emphasis on the importance of worked examples in teaching fraction magnitude and computation is discussed. In Chapter 8, the authors expand on the zone of proximal development to investigate the potential of Zankov’s Lesson in terms of students analyzing numerical equalities. The authors of Chapter 9 focus on high leverage mathematical practices in elementary pre-service teacher preparation, drawing into specific relief the APEX cycle to develop deep thinking. In Chapter 10, the author focuses on number talks and the engagement of students in mathematical reasoning, which provides opportunities for students to be sensemakers of mathematics. Chapter 11 presents an epilogue, focusing on the importance of recognizing the special nature of mathematics knowledge for teaching.

Download or read book Research Issues in the Learning and Teaching of Algebra written by Sigrid Wagner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 1989. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book The Second Handbook of Research on the Psychology of Mathematics Education written by Ángel Gutiérrez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-23 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its establishment in 1976, PME (The International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education) is serving as a much sought after venue for scientific debate among those at the cutting edge of the field, as well as an engine for the development of research in mathematics education. A wide range of research activities conducted over the last ten years by PME members and their colleagues are documented and critically reviewed in this handbook, released to celebrate the Group’s 40 year anniversary milestone. The book is divided into four main sections: Cognitive aspects of learning and teaching content areas; Cognitive aspects of learning and teaching transverse areas; Social aspects of learning and teaching mathematics; and Professional aspects of teaching mathematics. The selection for each chapter of a team of at least two authors, mostly located in different parts of the world, ensured effective coverage of each field. High quality was further enhanced by the scrupulous review of early chapter drafts by two leaders in the relevant field. The resulting volume with its compilation of the most relevant aspects of research in the field, and its emphasis on trends and future developments, will be a rich and welcome resource for both mature and emerging researchers in mathematics education.

Download or read book Teaching Middle School Mathematics written by Douglas K. Brumbaugh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Middle school teaching and learning has a distinct pedagogy and curriculum that is grounded in the concept of developmentally appropriate education. This text is designed to meet the very specific professional development needs of future teachers of mathematics in middle school environments. Closely aligned with the NCTM Principles and Standards for School Mathematics, the reader-friendly, interactive format encourages readers to begin developing their own teaching style and making informed decisions about how to approach their future teaching career. A variety of examples establish a broad base of ideas intended to stimulate the formative development of concepts and models that can be employed in the classroom. Readers are encouraged and motivated to become teaching professionals who are lifelong learners. The text offers a wealth of technology-related information and activities; reflective, thought-provoking questions; mathematical challenges; student life-based applications; TAG (tricks-activities-games) sections; and group discussion prompts to stimulate each future teacher's thinking. "Your Turn" sections ask readers to work with middle school students directly in field experience settings. This core text for middle school mathematics methods courses is also appropriate for elementary and secondary mathematics methods courses that address teaching in the middle school grades and as an excellent in-service resource for aspiring or practicing teachers of middle school mathematics as they update their knowledge base. Topics covered in Teaching Middle School Mathematics: *NCTM Principles for School Mathematics; *Representation; *Connections; *Communication; *Reasoning and Proof; *Problem Solving; *Number and Operations; *Measurement; *Data Analysis and Probability; *Algebra in the Middle School Classroom; and *Geometry in the Middle School Classroom.

Download or read book Planting the Seeds of Algebra 3 5 written by Monica Neagoy and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Planting the Seeds of Algebra, 3-5' will empower teachers with theoretical and practical knowledge about both the content and pedagogy of algebraic instruction, and shows them the different faces of algebra as it appears in the early grades.

Download or read book ICSE NumbersWiz Class 6 written by ANUBHUTI GANGAL and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ICSE NumbersWiz is a series of books for KG to Class 8 which conforms to the latest CISCE curriculum. The main aim of writing this series is to help the children understand difficult mathematical concepts in a simple manner in easy language.

Download or read book New Mathematics Today Class 6 written by ANUBHUTI GANGAL and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Mathematics Today, a thoroughly revised series for KG to Class 8, has been designed as per the requirements of the latest curriculum. The content of this series is designed to reach all learners in the classroom irrespective of their skill levels or learning capabilities.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on the Psychology of Mathematics Education written by Angel Gutiérrez and published by Sense Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compilation of the research produced by the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME) since its creation in 1976. The first three sections summarize cognitively-oriented research on learning and teaching specific content areas, transversal areas, and based on technology-rich environments. The fourth section is devoted to the research on social, affective, cultural and cognitive aspects of mathematics education. The fifth section includes two chapters summarizing the PME research on teacher training and professional life of mathematics teachers.