Download or read book Structure function property Relationships in Solution processed Diketopyrrolopyrrole based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Bright James Walker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is concerned with the material properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) based conjugated molecules and their application in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) type solar cells. Relationships between the molecular structures and material properties are investigated, allowing molecules to be tailored to achieve desired characteristics. Density functional theory is used to model the properties of compounds before they are synthesized and identify compounds which are likely to have desirable properties. A variety of materials are synthesized, including dithieno DPP derivatives, a diphenyl DPP derivative and several bis-DPP compounds. Their physical properties are characterized by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Properties of films and mixtures with acceptors including fullerene and VinazeneTM derivatives are also examined, including their surface morphologies and charge carrier mobilities. The role of cohesive energy densities in film formation is examined. Processing conditions are optimized for the fabrication of BHJ solar cells, yielding devices with good efficiencies. In general, we find that DPP-based conjugated oligomers make an excellent platform for the design of BHJ solar cells.
Download or read book Processing property performance Relationships in Solution processed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells written by Alexander Sharenko and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well established that the specifics of the bulk heterojunction morphology (phase separation, crystallinity, etc.) profoundly affect BHJ OPV device PCE. Controlling the BHJ morphology is thus of great importance. Using in-situ thermal annealing grazing incidence wide and small angle x-ray scattering it was discovered that the driving force for phase separation in BHJ OPV systems utilizing small molecule donor materials and functionalized fullerene acceptors is the crystallization of the small molecule donor material. Additionally, it was shown that this crystallization process, and therefore the development of the bulk heterojunction morphology and device performance, can be controlled by using commercially available nucleating agents designed for the clarifying of isotactic polypropylene.
Download or read book Process structure property Relationship of Polymer fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Films for Organic Solar Cells written by Benjamin Schmidt-Hansberg and published by . This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Solution processed Triazatruxene Derivatives written by Tianyan Han and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prospective conception of electron-donor/electron-acceptor (D/A) bulk heterojunction solar cells was first reported in 1990s, which blended the semiconducting polymer with fullerene derivatives, enhancing the power conversion efficiency. Since then, interests on this domain has been increasing continuously, and the efficiencies of BHJ solar cells have been increased dramatically. In this context, this thesis focuses on the study of a series of dumbbell-shaped small molecule donors, based on a highly planar unit called triazatruxene. The only difference between those molecules is the side-chains attached to central units and TAT units. As a consequence, the relationship between side chains nature and optoelectronic and structural properties of our TAT-based dumbbell-shaped molecular architecture will be investigated in detail. The impact of the alkyl chains on the molecular and thin film properties was also studied, with a particular emphasis put on microstructure and charge transport aspects. In-plane and out-of-plane charge carrier transport, with pure molecules and blend with fullerene, are measured in different systems. BHJ solar cells in blend with fullerene derivatives were also realized.
Download or read book The Structure Property Relationships of P typed Conjugated Polymers and Small Molecules in Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Organic Materials for Optical and Opto Electronic Devices written by Oksana Ostroverkhova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-08-31 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small molecules and conjugated polymers, the two main types of organic materials used for optoelectronic and photonic devices, can be used in a number of applications including organic light-emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, photorefractive devices and waveguides. Organic materials are attractive due to their low cost, the possibility of their deposition from solution onto large-area substrates, and the ability to tailor their properties. The Handbook of organic materials for optical and (opto)electronic devices provides an overview of the properties of organic optoelectronic and nonlinear optical materials, and explains how these materials can be used across a range of applications.Parts one and two explore the materials used for organic optoelectronics and nonlinear optics, their properties, and methods of their characterization illustrated by physical studies. Part three moves on to discuss the applications of optoelectronic and nonlinear optical organic materials in devices and includes chapters on organic solar cells, electronic memory devices, and electronic chemical sensors, electro-optic devices.The Handbook of organic materials for optical and (opto)electronic devices is a technical resource for physicists, chemists, electrical engineers and materials scientists involved in research and development of organic semiconductor and nonlinear optical materials and devices. - Comprehensively examines the properties of organic optoelectronic and nonlinear optical materials - Discusses their applications in different devices including solar cells, LEDs and electronic memory devices - An essential technical resource for physicists, chemists, electrical engineers and materials scientists
Download or read book Solution processed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Molecular Morphological Interfacial and Device Engineering written by Jie Min and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Electrostatic Potentials written by J.S. Murray and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-11-22 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years, the molecular electrostatic potential has become firmly established as an effective guide to molecular interactions. With the recent advances in computational technology, it is currently being applied to a variety of important chemical and biological systems. Its range of applicability has expanded from primarily a focus on sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack to now include solvent effects, studies of zeolite, molecular cluster and crystal behavior, and the correlation and prediction of a wide range of macroscopic properties. Moreover, the increasing prominence of density functional theory has raised the molecular electrostatic potential to a new stature on a more fundamental conceptual level. It is rigorously defined in terms of the electron density, and has very interesting topological characteristics since it explicitly reflects opposing contributions from the nuclei and the electrons.This volume opens with a survey chapter by one of the original pioneers of the use of the electrostatic potential in studies of chemical reactivity, Jacopo Tomasi. Though the flow of the succeeding chapters is not stringently defined, the overall trend is that the emphasis changes gradually from methodology to applications. Chapters discussing more theoretical topics are placed near the end. Readers will find the wide variety of topics provided by an international group of authors both convincing and useful.
Download or read book Optimizing Morphology of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells written by Jing Gao and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The performance of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells is profoundly influenced by the spatial arrangements of microstructure at various length scales in its photo-active layer, referred to as morphology. Due to their complex chemical structures, polymers usually exhibits low crystallinity and carrier mobility, leading to a limited thickness ~100 nm of the active layer for a typical polymer solar cell. Such thin films are incompatible with the prevailing large-area coating techniques, thus increasing the difficulty to realize the high-throughput production of polymer-based photovoltaics in industry. On the other hand, for most high-performance low-band-gap polymers, during their film-casting process, processing solvent additives are usually essential for morphology optimization, which help boost device efficiency. However, most commonly-used solvent additives such as 1, 8-Diiodooctane (DIO), are disturbingly reactive to oxygen or water in air, leading to deteriorated performance of devices made under the ambient environment. Therefore, fabrication processes involving DIO have to be limited to an air-free environment, which is quite unfavorable for large-area fabrication techniques, as majority of them are carried on under the ambient environment. Therefore, an efficient air-stable solvent additive would be greatly appreciated in terms of OPV industrialization. As a result, in order to achieve thick active layers as well as to find an air-stable alternative additive for industrial applications, a thorough and systematic study on morphology is necessitated. First, via rational modification of polymer chemical structure(fine-tuning on side chains), new polymers with enhanced structure order (e.g., crystallite size increases from 35 Å to 53 Å) and higher hole mobility (from ~10-5 to ~10-4 cm2/(V*s)) are obtained, enabling thicker optimum active layers ~200 nm with a larger thickness tolerance up to ~350 nm for the corresponding bulk heterojunction devices. This result is of great potential for relaxing the required level of precision in active layer thickness, which has important industrial implications for large-area film deposition. Second, through examining those solvents with a great potential to satisfy the criteria for efficient additives, a new efficient air-stable solvent additive -1,2-dichlorobenzene (DCB) was successfully found for the Diketopyrrolopyrrole-based narrow bandgap polymer under investigation in this work, with a much larger working operation window (up to 80%) and higher device efficiency than DIO. The reason for improved performance lies in higher hole mobility due to polymer crystallinity enhancement in films cast from solution processed by both additives, as demonstrated by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) and Grazing Incident Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) results. Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy were also conducted on polymer structures in solution, and their results revealed a novel working mechanism of DCB for morphology control, which involves the modified solution-stage polymer conformations due to the polymer-additive interaction. Upon incorporating DCB into blend solution, the resultant polymer configurations in solution would have a high tendency to preserve into crystalline regions in the as-cast films and this unique way of tuning thin-film morphology via altering polymer conformations in solution has established a new guide for future additive selection in other polymer systems. Results of this manuscript will resolve the current obstacle for high-throughput process in industry and should be of great potential to contribute to practical OPV applications in the near future.
Download or read book Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Optical Power Limiting written by Francois Kajzar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Optoelectronic Materials written by Yongfang Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-30 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews the latest trends in organic optoelectronic materials. Each comprehensive chapter allows graduate students and newcomers to the field to grasp the basics, whilst also ensuring that they have the most up-to-date overview of the latest research. Topics include: organic conductors and semiconductors; conducting polymers and conjugated polymer semiconductors, as well as their applications in organic field-effect-transistors; organic light-emitting diodes; and organic photovoltaics and transparent conducting electrodes. The molecular structures, synthesis methods, physicochemical and optoelectronic properties of the organic optoelectronic materials are also introduced and described in detail. The authors also elucidate the structures and working mechanisms of organic optoelectronic devices and outline fundamental scientific problems and future research directions. This volume is invaluable to all those interested in organic optoelectronic materials.
Download or read book Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers written by Alan J. Heeger and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-07-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique properties of conducting and semiconducting (conjugated) polymers make them one of the most attractive areas of interdisciplinary materials science and technology. Written by a pioneer in the field, this book is the first aimed at teaching graduate students, postdoctoral scientists, and specialists in industry about this exciting field.
Download or read book Semiconducting Polymers written by Georges Hadziioannou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-15 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of semiconducting polymers has attracted many researchers from a diversity of disciplines. Printed circuitry, flexible electronics and displays are already migrating from laboratory successes to commercial applications, but even now fundamental knowledge is deficient concerning some of the basic phenomena that so markedly influence a device's usefulness and competitiveness. This two-volume handbook describes the various approaches to doped and undoped semiconducting polymers taken with the aim to provide vital understanding of how to control the properties of these fascinating organic materials. Prominent researchers from the fields of synthetic chemistry, physical chemistry, engineering, computational chemistry, theoretical physics, and applied physics cover all aspects from compounds to devices. Since the first edition was published in 2000, significant findings and successes have been achieved in the field, and especially handheld electronic gadgets have become billion-dollar markets that promise a fertile application ground for flexible, lighter and disposable alternatives to classic silicon circuitry. The second edition brings readers up-to-date on cutting edge research in this field.
Download or read book Polymer Photovoltaics written by Frederik C. Krebs and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to be a practical guide in the laboratory for the experimental solar-cell scientist whether he or she is involved with synthesis, device preparation, processing, or device characterization. Useful to all scientists working practically in the field, the book presents the process of creating a polymer solar-cell device beginning with a description of materials, including how they are made and characterized, followed by how the materials are processed into devices and films, and how these are characterized. From there, the status of two emerging fields of polymer solar cells are described: degradation and stability and large-scale processing.
Download or read book Polymer Thin Films written by Ophelia Kwan Chui Tsui and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1. Block copolymer thin films / J.-Y. Wang, S. Park and T. P. Russell -- ch. 2. Equilibration of block copolymer films on chemically patterned surfaces / G. S. W. Craig, H. Kang and P. F. Nealey -- ch. 3. Structure formation and evolution in confined cylinder-forming block copolymers / G. J. A. Sevink and J. G. E. M. Fraaije -- ch. 4. Block copolymer lithography for magnetic device fabrication / J. Y. Cheng and C. A. Ross -- ch. 5. Hierarchical structuring of polymer nanoparticles by self-organization / M. Shimomura ... [et al.] -- ch. 6. Wrinkling polymers for surface structure control and functionality / E. P. Chan and A. J. Crosby -- ch. 7. Crystallization in polymer thin films: morphology and growth / R. M. Van Horn and S. Z. D. Cheng -- ch. 8. Friction at soft polymer surface / M. K. Chaudhury, K. Vorvolakos and D. Malotky -- ch. 9. Relationship between molecular architecture, large-strain mechanical response and adhesive performance of model, block copolymer-based pressure sensitive adhesives / C. Creton and K. R. Shull -- ch. 10. Stability and dewetting of thin liquid films / K. Jacobs, R. Seemann and S. Herminghaus -- ch. 11. Anomalous dynamics of polymer Films / O. K. C. Tsui.
Download or read book Large Area and Flexible Electronics written by Mario Caironi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-13 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From materials to applications, this ready reference covers the entire value chain from fundamentals via processing right up to devices, presenting different approaches to large-area electronics, thus enabling readers to compare materials, properties and performance. Divided into two parts, the first focuses on the materials used for the electronic functionality, covering organic and inorganic semiconductors, including vacuum and solution-processed metal-oxide semiconductors, nanomembranes and nanocrystals, as well as conductors and insulators. The second part reviews the devices and applications of large-area electronics, including flexible and ultra-high-resolution displays, light-emitting transistors, organic and inorganic photovoltaics, large-area imagers and sensors, non-volatile memories and radio-frequency identification tags. With its academic and industrial viewpoints, this volume provides in-depth knowledge for experienced researchers while also serving as a first-stop resource for those entering the field.
Download or read book Organic Thermoelectric Materials written by Zhiqun Lin and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarises the significant progress made in organic thermoelectric materials, focusing on effective routes to minimize thermal conductivity and maximize power factor.
