Download or read book Structure Formation in Solution written by Norio Ise and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-10 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to critically review experimental findings on ionic polymers and colloidal particles and to prove a theoretical framework based on the Poisson-Boltzmann approach. Structure formation in ionic polymer solutions has attracted attention since the days of H. Staudinger and J. D. Bernal. An independent study on ionic colloidal dispersions with microscopy provided a compelling evidence of structure formation. Recent technical developments have made it possible to accumulate relevant information for both ionic polymers and colloidal particles in dilute systems. The outstanding phenomenon experimentally found is microscopic inhomogeneity in the solute distribution in macroscopically homogeneous systems.To account for the observation, the present authors have invoked the existence of the counterion-mediated attraction between similarly charged solute species, in addition to the widely accepted electrostatic repulsion.
Download or read book Structure Formation in Polymer Solutions written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure Formation in Solutions of Rigid Polymers Undergoing a Phase Transition written by Yachin Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of morphology, when solutions of rigid polymers are transformed from the liquid to the solid state, was studied in two particular cases: coagulation of a monodomain nematic solution and gelation of a dilute isotropic solution. Direct observation of the morphology by electron microscopy (E.M.) was augmented by measurements of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). A theoretical framework for the analysis of SAXS measurements from oriented systems using a slit-collimated incident beam was developed. The first case is realized in the coagulation stage of the spinning process of high performance fibers and films from solutions of rigid macromolecules. A monodomain nematic solution of poly (p-phenylene benzobisthiazole) PBT in polyphosphoric acid PPA undergoes a transition to the solid state by the action of a non solvent (water) . For the second case, gelation of an Isotropic solution of poly (alpha-benzyl- 1-glutamate), induced by a decrease in temperature, was studied. Keywords: Poly (p-phenylenebenzobisthiazole), Morphology, Rigid Rod, Polymers, Thiazoles, Crystals, Solvate, Nematic, Coagulation, Polybenzylglutamate.
Download or read book Structure Formation in the Universe written by T. Padmanabhan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an up-to-date and pedagogical introduction to this exciting area of research.
Download or read book Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Structure Formation in Polymer Solutions Under Flow written by Elisavet Prodromos Vrahopoulou and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Solutions written by H. Ohtaki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the study of structural and dynamic properties of solutions have provided a molecular picture of solute-solvent interactions. Although the study of thermodynamic as well as electronic properties of solutions have played a role in the development of research on the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions, such macroscopic and microscopic properties are insufficient for a deeper understanding of fast chemical and biological reactions. In order to fill the gap between the two extremes, it is necessary to know how molecules are arranged in solution and how they change their positions in both the short and long range. This book has been designed to meet these criteria. It is possible to develop a sound microscopic picture for reaction dynamics in solution without molecular-level knowledge of how reacting ionic or neutral species are solvated and how rapidly the molecular environment is changing with time. A variety of actual examples is given as to how and when modern molecular approaches can be used to solve specific solution problems. The following tools are discussed: x-ray and neutron diffraction, EXAFS, and XANES, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo computer simulations, Raman, infrared, NMR, fluorescence, and photoelectron emission spectroscopic methods, conductance and viscosity measurements, high pressure techniques, and statistical mechanics methods. Static and dynamic properties of ionic solvation, molecular solvation, ion-pair formation, ligand exchange reactions, and typical organic solvents are useful for bridging the gap between classical thermodynamic studies and modern single-molecule studies in the gas phase. The book will be of interest to solution, physical, inorganic, analytical and structural chemists as well as to chemical kineticists.
Download or read book Spatial Energy Principles of the Processes for Complex Structure Formation written by G. A. Korablev and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains methodology for evaluating formation processes for multi-component systems based on the understanding of spatial-energy parameter, as well as vast computation and informative material.
Download or read book The Physics of Structure Formation written by Werner Güttinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation and evolution of complex dynamical structures is one of the most exciting areas of nonlinear physics. Such pattern formation problems are common in practically all systems involving a large number of interacting components. Here, the basic problem is to understand how competing physical forces can shape stable geometries and to explain why nature prefers just these. Motivation for the intensive study of pattern formation phenomena during the past few years derives from an increasing appreciation of the remarkable diversity of behaviour encountered in nonlinear systems and of universal features shared by entire classes of nonlinear processes. As physics copes with ever more ambi tious problems in pattern formation, summarizing our present state of knowledge becomes a pressing issue. This volume presents an overview of selected topics in this field of current interest. It deals with theoretical models of pattern formation and with simulations that bridge the gap between theory and experiment. The book is a product of the International Symposium on the Physics of Structure Formation, held from October 27 through November 2, 1986, at the Institute for Information Sciences of the University of Tiibingen. The symposium brought together a group of distinguished scientists from various disciplines to exchange ideas about recent advances in pattern formation in the physical sciences, and also to introduce young scientists to the fi
Download or read book Structure Formation in the Universe written by Robert G. Crittenden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-11-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Cambridge, UK, 26th July-6th August 1999
Download or read book Polyelectrolyte Complex Formation at Defined Interfaces and Structure Formation in Solution Studied by Analytical Ultracentrifugation written by Laurent Bourdillon and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coagulation Kinetics and Structure Formation written by H. Sonntag and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloidal dispersions play a very important role in nature, industry, and daily life. Sometimes, long-term stability is observed or desired as in ferrotluids (composed of very small magnetic particles with radii of ~ 10 nm), which must be stable even in external fields. On the other hand, only short-term stable dispersions may be necessary during actual processing operations, for example, dispersions of magnetite particles during tape manufacture. The stability of dispersions and many of their physical properties are related to the interaction between the particles in the dispersion medium, which may contain surfactants or macromolecular species. If the net interparticle interaction forces are attractive, then aggregation may occur. Two general types of aggregation behavior may be distinguished: coagulation and flocculation. These two terms are frequently used synonymously but IUPAC has recommended the following definitions: Coagulation implies formation of compact aggregates, leading to the macroscopic separation. Flocculation implies the formation of a loose or open network, floc, which may or may not separate macroscopically. Flocculation brought about by the simultaneous coadsorption of polymer molecules on two (or more) particles is referred to as bridging flocculation. If coagulation results in the merging of two particles into one, as may occur with liquid droplets in emulsions, this process is referred to as coalescence.
Download or read book Shear thickening and Structure Formation in Polymer Solutions written by Alan Jay Kishbaugh and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure Formation in Polymeric Fibers written by David R. Salem and published by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH Co KG. This book was released on 2018-09-10 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structure Formation in Polymeric Fibers presents a comprehensive and critical review of the science of fiber formation, with special emphasis on the evolution of microstructure and its relationship to process conditions and molecular properties. The thorough discussion of the structure and properties of most types of polymeric fibers (rigid rod, flexible chain, polymer blends, and copolymers) and the different routes to fiber formation will provide the understanding necessary for solving product and process development problems, and for enhancing productivity and product performance. The book will be a primary resource for all scientists and engineers involved in the research and practice of fiber formation and to students taking courses in polymer physics, polymer engineering, fiber science, and chemical engineering. It should also be of value to those interested in the general phenomena of polymer deformation, orientation, and structure development. Contents · Variations on a Theme of Uniaxial Orientation · Structure Formation During Melt Spinning · Advances in the Control of Spinline Dynamics for Enhanced Properties · Structure Formation During Drawing of Flexible Chain Polymers · Basic Aspects of Solution(Gel)-Spinning and Ultra-Drawing of PE-UHMW · Electrospinning and the Formation of Nanofibers · Fibers from Liquid Crystalline Polymers · Solvent Spun Cellulose Fibers · Carbon Fibers · Fibers from Electrically Conductive Polymers · Fibers from Polymer Blends and Copolymers · Thermomechanical Processing: Structure and Properties · Microstructure Characterization · Fiber Formation and the Science of Complexity
Download or read book Management of Structure Formation and Properties of Cement Concretes written by Levon R. Mailyan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-22 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents Russian experience in researching and developing theoretical and experimental problems of heavy concrete elements and constructions with functionally gradient structure, manufactured by using mechanical and electromagnetic vibrations, and broadly utilized in different areas of industry. Original theoretical, experimental and numerical methods are developed for the analysis and design of the aggregate and local characteristics of vibrated, centrifuged and vibro-centrifuged concrete rings and columns. The promising experimental techniques and results presented in this volume have been supported by Russian patents and used for improvement of reinforced concrete products.
Download or read book Adsorption Aggregation and Structure Formation in Systems of Charged Particles written by Bhuvnesh Bharti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-17 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents studies on the interaction of soft materials like surfactants and proteins with hard silica nanomaterials. Due to its interdisciplinary nature it combines concepts from the fields of physical chemistry, nanoscience and materials science, yielding to fundamental insights into the structure-directing forces operating at the nano-scale. It is shown that the morphology of surfactant micellar aggregates adsorbed at the surface of nanoparticles and inside tubular nanopores can be tuned on demand by the co-adsorption of a surface modifier. The interaction of globular proteins with silica nanoparticles is dominated by electrostatic interactions and can be controlled by pH and ionic strength, while the bridging of nanoparticles by adsorbed protein molecules leads to large-scale hybrid aggregates of protein with the nanoparticles. Concepts emerging from the role of electrostatic interactions in the hetero-aggregation of nanoparticles with protein molecules are used for the co-assembly of charged microbeads into linear clusters and chains of controllable length.
Download or read book Dynamics of Flow induced Structure Formation in Drag Reducing Polymer Solutions written by Matthew Walter Liberatore and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure Formation in Alloys written by Ilʹi︠a︡ Vasilʹevich Salli and published by Springer. This book was released on 1964-11 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Properties of alloys are determined to a considerable extent by the form. the dispersity. the composition, and the quantitative relationships of the structural components. This monograph is an attempt to present the mechanism of the formation of the structure of alloys from the viewpoint of the most modern theory of phase transformations. The metastable state is treated at length be cause there are few data in the literature up to the present time. The book concerns the conditions determining the creation of the different phases in alloys. The forma tion of crystals of different compositions and dispersities is described. The cause of different degrees of metasta bility of alloys, the mechanism of the transformation of metastable systems into the stable state, and other problems are analyzed. The most widely used alloys were investigated. The authors tend to avoid demonstrations based on cumbersome calculations and whenever possible replace them with conceptual models. Some of the problems described here resulted from discussions during the seminar of the Metal Science Faculty of the Dnepropetrovsk Metallurgical Institute, directed by K. P. Bunin. The basic experiments were made by the author in the laboratory of the Department of Metal Physics of Dnepropetrovsk State University in collaboration with E. V. Finagin, A. N. Shul'diner, E. Z. Graifer, E.!. Psarev. !. I. Pesetskii, V. 1. L'nyanyi and I. S. Miroshnichenko.
