Download or read book Structure and Properties of Various Coal Chars with List of References written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Various Coal Chars written by W. O. Stacy and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Various Coal Chars written by W. O. Stacy and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Various Coal Chars written by W. O. Stacy and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog United States Public Documents written by United States. Superintendent of Documents and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February issue includes Appendix entitled Directory of United States Government periodicals and subscription publications; September issue includes List of depository libraries; June and December issues include semiannual index.
Download or read book The Coal Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preparation and Properties of Coal Chars written by Allan Radman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1921 with total page 1290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Union Catalog written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship of Coal Structures to Char Properties written by Colin David Rena and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of the Physical Chemistry of Pulverized Coal Combustion written by L Lahaye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of coal for the production of energy is certainly not a new area of research. Many research works were carried out to improve the efficiency of industrial and domestic facilities. In the sixties, however, because of the availability and low cost of petroleum, coal consumption decreased and the research effort in this area was minimum. Meanwhile, the situation has totally changed. Considering the reserves of oil and the instability ofregions where they are located, it is becoming absolutely necessary to develop other sources of energy.The major alternative to oil appears to be coal, at least for the near future. Indeed, the reserves known today represent several centuries of energy consumption.!t is therefore becoming urgent to develop efficient and non polluting technologies to produce energy from coal. The main possibilities are : · liquefaction · gasification · directed combustion. Research and development efforts on liquefaction have been considerably reduced because of high cost of technologies involved and poor prospects for the next two decades. Research works on gasification are progressing; it is a promising approach. However, direct combustion either in pulverized coal furnaces or in fluidized beds is the more promising way of expanding rapidly the utilization of coal. These techniques are already used in some facilities but many environmental problems remain, slowing down their development.
Download or read book Structural Characteristics and CO2 Reactivity of Partially Gasified Pittsburgh No 8 Coal Chars Generated in a High pressure High temperature Flow Reactor written by Vijayaragavan Krishnamoorthy and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is an advanced power generation technology based on gasification of coal or solid fuels. Despite many commercial operations, the knowledge of char gasification rates at high pressures and temperatures, crucial to the design and troubleshooting of the gasifiers, are relatively unknown. While many kinetic studies have been performed at atmospheric pressure and low heating rates, there are few studies that examined the reactivity of chars generated at high temperatures and elevated pressuresGasification rate of chars in entrained-flow gasifiers is dependent on both intrinsic reactivity and the gas diffusion rate of reactants into pores. Therefore, the knowledge of intrinsic reaction rate and the structural features of the char are necessary for developing a kinetic model. The aim of the thesis is to determine the intrinsic reactivity and the structural features of the chars generated at elevated pressures and temperatures pertinent to conditions of the entrained-flow gasifiers. A series of interrelated studies were conducted to characterize the gasification behavior of a widely used Pittsburgh No,8 coal. To generate chars under conditions similar to that of the gasifier, a 20 kW high-pressure, high-temperature flow reactor (HPHTFR) was designed to operate up to 1650C and 30 bar. The chars obtained at various temperatures, pressures, and pyrolysis atmospheres were characterized for physical and chemical structure using surface area analyzer, XRD, Raman, and morphological analysis. The CO2 kinetics on chars were obtained using a high pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HPTGA). The structural properties and intrinsic kinetics of chars widely reported in the literature were generated in inert atmospheres. However, the pyrolysis of feedstock occurs in the presence of reaction gas. This difference can affect char structural properties and intrinsic reactivity. To determine the role of pyrolysis atmosphere, chars were generated in three different atomspheres-CO2/N2, Ar and N2- at 1100C and 6.2 bar. The chars generated in the CO2/N2 atmosphere showed higher conversion compared to that of chars generated in N2 and Ar atmospheres. The increased conversion in the CO2/N2 atmosphere was attributed to increased gasification of tar/soot. While the volatile yield showed some difference, char properties such as surface area, swelling ratio, defects to graphitic band ratio and crystallite sizes showed no difference. The kinetic parameters of the chars were obtained using the nth order model. The activation energy was found to be independent of pyrolysis atmospheres. The order of reaction was found to be significantly affected by the pyrolysis atmosphere. The order of reaction followed the trend: CO2/N2> N2 Ar. The order of the reaction was found to correlate with surface area evolution.Gasification of coal can be impacted by the organic and inorganic compositional heterogeneity, which further impact the char morphology, and the intrinsic reactivity. To account for the compositional heterogeneity, chars were generated from various size fractions (-106+75, -150+106, -212+150, -420+212 m at 1300C and 11.3 bar) and density fractions (1.3 g/cc, 1.3-1.6 g/cc, 1.6g/cc of -106+75 m at 1300C and 11.3 bar). Chars were also generated over a range of temperatures (1100, 1300, and 1400C at 11.3 bar for the -150+106 m fraction), pressures (3.4, 6.2, 11.3, 15.5, and 21.7 bar at 1300C for -150+106 m fraction) to study the effect of temperature and pressure on char structures and reactivity. Chars were characterized for morphology, pore structure (i.e. surface area and pore volume), reflectance, and reactivity using oil immersion microscopy, N2 adsorption technique, reflectance microscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The swelling ratio, pore volume, and surface area increased up to certain pressure while these parameters decreased with particle size and density fraction. The intrinsic reactivity of chars increased with inorganic matter and feed particle size, while it decreased with increase in char generation temperature. The intrinsic gasification rate is an important parameter for designing a kinetic model. Chars were obtained by partially gasifying Pittsburgh No.8 coal in CO2 atmosphere at 1300C and over a range of pressures (3.4, 6.2, 11.3, 15.5, and 21.7 bar) in the HPHTFR. The intrinsic reaction rate of those chars with CO2 was obtained at the char generation pressure using the HPTGA. The kinetic parameters were obtained using the nth order model. The intrinsic reaction rate, and activation energy were found to be independent of the char generation pressure. The order of reaction was obtained by varying CO2 partial pressures. The order of reaction decreased with increase in char generation pressure. The comparison of initial char with the char obtained at ~20% conversion in the HPTGA for surface area and pore volume showed that the reaction primarily occurs in microporous regions. The order of reaction also closely followed the surface area during gasification in the HPTGA.Through this research, a comprehensive assessment of the entrained-flow gasification behavior of Pittsburgh No.8 coal has been performed using proven experimental techniques under conditions of industrial interest. The structural features and kinetics were obtained. The generated data provide optimum, and trends that can be used as direct inputs to kinetic modelling and gasifier design applications.
Download or read book Advances in Coal Spectroscopy written by Henk Meuzelaar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has witnessed major advances in our understanding of the chemical composition, structure, and reactivity of the complex organic-rich fossil matter known as "coal. " Nevertheless, important scientific questions concerning molecular weight distributions, degree of crosslinking, typical duster sizes, type of interconnecting bridges, the possible role of a "mobile phase," and the nature of organic sulfur forms remain topics of heated debate. Moreover, there appears to be a notable lack of consensus regarding the overall direction and goals of structural elucidation work. Is it worthwhile to study whole coal samples, or should we separate out the various, more or less well-defined, maceral and mineral constituents before attempting to describe the structural and compositional features of coal at the molecular Ievel? Second, should there be more emphasis on key structural features and average statistical parameters, or is it necessary to identify individual chemical structures in considerable detail? From the developments of the past decade it is clear that advanced spectroscopic techniques are playing an increasingly important role in resolving difficult questions with regard to the chemical structure and composition of coal. Moreover, it has become equally clear that no single spectroscopic approach can provide all the answers but multiple techniques need to be used in a highly integrated and synergistic manner.
Download or read book Coal and Biomass Gasification written by Santanu De and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the science and technology of the gasification process and the production of electricity, synthetic fuels and other useful chemicals. Pursuing a holistic approach, it covers the fundamentals of gasification and its various applications. In addition to discussing recent advances and outlining future directions, it covers advanced topics such as underground coal gasification and chemical looping combustion, and describes the state-of-the-art experimental techniques, modeling and numerical simulations, environmentally friendly approaches, and technological challenges involved. Written in an easy-to-understand format with a comprehensive glossary and bibliography, the book offers an ideal reference guide to coal and biomass gasification for beginners, engineers and researchers involved in designing or operating gasification plants.
Download or read book Soil Characterization and Soil Amendment Use on Coal Surface Mine Lands written by Michael R. Norland and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Classified List Papers Published in the Journal of the Institute of Fuel and in Reports of Special Studies and Proceedings of Conferences of the Institute 1958 to 1962 written by Institute of Fuel (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
