Download or read book Stressful Life Events Functional Health Status and Social Support in the Elderly written by Carolyn Crowell Kee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stressful Life Events Social support Networks and Gerontological Health written by Thomas T. H. Wan and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.
Download or read book Health Promotion in Health Care Vital Theories and Research written by Gørill Haugan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook represents a vital contribution to global health education, offering insights into health promotion as part of patient care for bachelor’s and master’s students in health care (nurses, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, radiotherapists, social care workers etc.) as well as health care professionals, and providing an overview of the field of health science and health promotion for PhD students and researchers. Written by leading experts from seven countries in Europe, America, Africa and Asia, it first discusses the theory of health promotion and vital concepts. It then presents updated evidence-based health promotion approaches in different populations (people with chronic diseases, cancer, heart failure, dementia, mental disorders, long-term ICU patients, elderly individuals, families with newborn babies, palliative care patients) and examines different health promotion approaches integrated into primary care services. This edited scientific anthology provides much-needed knowledge, translating research into guidelines for practice. Today’s medical approaches are highly developed; however, patients are human beings with a wholeness of body-mind-spirit. As such, providing high-quality and effective health care requires a holistic physical-psychological-social-spiritual model of health care is required. A great number of patients, both in hospitals and in primary health care, suffer from the lack of a holistic oriented health approach: Their condition is treated, but they feel scared, helpless and lonely. Health promotion focuses on improving people’s health in spite of illnesses. Accordingly, health care that supports/promotes patients’ health by identifying their health resources will result in better patient outcomes: shorter hospital stays, less re-hospitalization, being better able to cope at home and improved well-being, which in turn lead to lower health-care costs. This scientific anthology is the first of its kind, in that it connects health promotion with the salutogenic theory of health throughout the chapters. the authors here expand the understanding of health promotion beyond health protection and disease prevention. The book focuses on describing and explaining salutogenesis as an umbrella concept, not only as the key concept of sense of coherence.
Download or read book Critical Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-16 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In their later years, Americans of different racial and ethnic backgrounds are not in equally good-or equally poor-health. There is wide variation, but on average older Whites are healthier than older Blacks and tend to outlive them. But Whites tend to be in poorer health than Hispanics and Asian Americans. This volume documents the differentials and considers possible explanations. Selection processes play a role: selective migration, for instance, or selective survival to advanced ages. Health differentials originate early in life, possibly even before birth, and are affected by events and experiences throughout the life course. Differences in socioeconomic status, risk behavior, social relations, and health care all play a role. Separate chapters consider the contribution of such factors and the biopsychosocial mechanisms that link them to health. This volume provides the empirical evidence for the research agenda provided in the separate report of the Panel on Race, Ethnicity, and Health in Later Life.
Download or read book Aging as leveler for Mental Health written by Julia M. Morris and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to declining mortality rates and other demographic transformations, individuals aged 65 and above make up a larger share of the population within the United States than ever before, yet vast inequality remains in the trajectories of health and quality of life within the aging process (Abramson 2015; Ailshire and Crimmins 2011). Sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status are consistently linked to disparate rates of mortality and chronic health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease (Kahng, Dunkle, and Jackson 2004). A driver of health inequities throughout the life course in U.S. is access to basic resources, such as a basic income and medical insurance (Cummings and Jackson 2008). As such, redistributive policies which become available to individuals in late-life, such as Social Security and Medicare, designed to limit inequality through the provision of the basic resources of income and medical coverage, may serve to reduce health disparities in late-life (Adler and Newman 2002; Beckett 2000; Brown, O'Rand, and Adkins 2012). By providing basic resources previously unavailable to individuals at the lower end of the socioeconomic distribution, these redistributive policies may decrease resource disparities between individuals in the lowest- and highest- socioeconomic strata (Adler and Newman 2002). In addition, regardless of this aimed redistribution of resources, biological features of aging also act to narrow the health gap. Specifically, it is hypothesized mortality selection among the most disadvantaged individuals, and delayed onset of illness for the most advantaged individuals, result in the convergence of health statuses among late-life adults (Brown et al. 2012; Brown, Richardson, and Hargrove 2016). While resource disparities important for physical health may decrease in late-life (Adler and Newman 2002), the cumulative burden and stress proliferation experienced by disadvantaged groups throughout the life course have been shown to continually widen health gaps as individuals age (Thoits 2010). As a result, theories about whether and how age serves to reduce, maintain, or widen health disparities have emerged. The "aging-as-leveler" hypothesis posits inequalities in health reduce across the lifespan due to reductions in resource inequality that occur with increasing age (Brown et al. 2012; Brown, Richardson, and Hargrove 2016; House, Lantz, and Herd 2005). The "cumulative disadvantage" hypothesis posits that inequality increases throughout the lifespan due to the ever-present and compounding impacts of stress, discrimination, and resource deprivation, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality among the most disadvantaged (DiPrete and Eirich 2006; Willson, Shuey, and Elder 2007). Centered in the middle of this aging framework is the "persistent inequality" hypothesis, in which health disparities are hypothesized to remain constant across the life course due to the competing effects of cumulative disadvantage with reductions in resource inequality in late-life (Cummings and Jackson 2008; Ferraro and Farmer 1996), and thus, increasing age does not reduce or widen health disparities observed in the early and middle years of life (Ferraro and Farmer 1996). Recent sociological scholarship explores these theories for physical health outcomes. Brown and colleagues (2016) find age serves to reduce health disparities, lending weight to the aging-as-leveler hypothesis. However, the authors additionally find evidence for the cumulative disadvantage and persistent inequality hypotheses when analyses focus on different physical health outcomes, racial/ethnic group comparisons, and lifespan of analysis (Brown et al. 2012). Similarly, research by Ferraro and Farmer (1996) provides evidence for the persistent inequality hypothesis for Black-White disparities in mortality and for serious medical conditions such as heart failure and disabilities. Yet, the authors find additional evidence for all three theories depending upon the physical health outcome being measured and analytical methodology being utilized (Ferraro and Farmer 1996). Indeed, scholars note these theories are not necessarily competing frameworks, but each provide insight into the multitude of ways resources and disadvantage interact throughout the life course to impact health, and disparities in health, as individuals age. As explorations of these theories focus on physical health disparities in morbidity and mortality, little is known about how these theories can help to understand trajectories of mental health outcomes in late-life. Prevalence of clinical depression and depressive symptoms in late-life are repeatedly found to be on-par with, or less than, the prevalence observed in midlife (Blazer 2003; Charles, Reynolds, and Gatz 2001), with an estimated 8%-16% of elderly adults experiencing depressive symptoms (Blazer, Swartz, and Woodbury 1988; Murrell, Himmelfarb, and Wright 1983), compared to 10%-18% across the life course (Hasin, Goodwin, and Stinson 2005; Williams et al. 2007). While the prevalence of depression is not shown to increase in late-life, the negative consequences of depression and depressive symptoms increase with age (Blazer 2003; Fiske, Wetherell, and Gatz 2009). Depression is shown to significantly hinder quality of life in elderly adults and is associated with functional limitations, reduced self-rated health, and limited perceptions of social support (Blazer 2003). As a result, the causes, consequences, and relationship of depression with the causes and consequences of physical health disparities in late-life warrant investigation (Fiske et al. 2009). My dissertation utilizes the aging-as-leveler, persistent inequality, and cumulative disadvantage perspectives to analyze and explore social factors associated with, and trajectories of, CES-D depressive symptoms using data from eight waves of the Health and Retirement Study (1998 to 2012). In the first empirical chapter, I test the notion that specific life transitions - caregiving and paid labor - are "inherently stressful" and "similarly stressful" across sex and race groups in late-life, while expanding upon understandings of how positive and negative social support moderate the association among specific life transitions and CES-D depressive symptoms. In sum, the first empirical chapter informs if - and the mechanisms through which - life transitions and social support are associated with CES-D depressive symptoms across sex and race groups in late-life. In the second empirical chapter, I assess if unhealthy coping behaviors mediate the association between caregiving transitions and CES-D depressive symptoms in late-life, and if the magnitude of observed associations vary across sex and race. These first two empirical chapters serve to build a comprehensive understanding of if and how mental health disparities exist across sex and race groups, to build a foundation for exploring theories of reduction, persistence, or widening of disparities in late-life for mental health later in this dissertation. In the third empirical chapter, I model trajectories of CES-D depressive symptoms and functional limitations to provide assessment of the aging-as-leveler, persistent inequality, and cumulative disadvantage hypotheses for both a mental health and physical health outcome. This chapter explores the roles of survivorship and baseline levels of mental and physical health as individuals enter the late-life period to inform assessment of CES-D depressive symptoms and functional limitation trajectories across sex and race groups. This exercise provides context to discussions of the aging-as-leveler, persistent inequality, and cumulative disadvantage hypotheses by focusing on how attrition due to death and baseline mental and physical health statuses shape observations of inequality across sex and race in late-life.
Download or read book Measuring Functioning and Well being written by Anita L. Stewart and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Functioning and Well-Being is a comprehensive account a broad range of self-reported functioning and well-being measures developed for the Medical Outcomes Study, a large-sale study of how patients fare with health care in the United States. This book provides a set of ready-to-use generic measures that are applicable to all adults, including those well and chronically ill, as well as a methodological guide to collecting health data and constructing health measures. As demand increases for more practical methods to monitor the outcomes of health care, this volume offers a timely and valuable contribution to the field. The contributors address conceptual and methodological issues involved in measuring such important health status concepts as: physical, social, and role functioning; psychological distress and well-being; general health perceptions; energy and fatigue; sleep; and pain. The authors present psychometric results and explain how to administer, score, and interpret the measures. Comprising the work of a number of highly respected scholars in the field of health assessment, Measuring Functioning and Well-Being will be of great interest and value to the growing number of researchers, policymakers, and clinicians concerned with the management and evaluation of health care.
Download or read book Social Support and Physical Health written by Bert N. Uchino and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will change the way we understand the future of our planet. It is both alarming and hopeful. James Gustave Speth, renowned as a visionary environmentalist leader, warns that in spite of all the international negotiations and agreements of the past two decades, efforts to protect Earth's environment are not succeeding. Still, he says, the challenges are not insurmountable. He offers comprehensive, viable new strategies for dealing with environmental threats around the world. The author explains why current approaches to critical global environmental problems - climate change, biodiversity loss, deterioration of marine environments, deforestation, water shortages, and others - don't work. He offers intriguing insights into why we have been able to address domestic environmental threats with some success while largely failing at the international level. Setting forth eight specific steps to a sustainable future, Speth convincingly argues that dramatically different government and citizen action are now urgent. If ever a book could be described as essential, this is it.
Download or read book Families Caring for an Aging America written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Family caregiving affects millions of Americans every day, in all walks of life. At least 17.7 million individuals in the United States are caregivers of an older adult with a health or functional limitation. The nation's family caregivers provide the lion's share of long-term care for our older adult population. They are also central to older adults' access to and receipt of health care and community-based social services. Yet the need to recognize and support caregivers is among the least appreciated challenges facing the aging U.S. population. Families Caring for an Aging America examines the prevalence and nature of family caregiving of older adults and the available evidence on the effectiveness of programs, supports, and other interventions designed to support family caregivers. This report also assesses and recommends policies to address the needs of family caregivers and to minimize the barriers that they encounter in trying to meet the needs of older adults.
Download or read book Psychology of Aging written by Aimee Spector and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The psychology of aging is an exciting and rapidly-developing field. This volume provides a collection of classic, original and often widely-cited papers, including some older papers which may be hard to find through conventional searches. Taken together, they help to address some key questions: what are the cognitive changes related to aging? Is mental exercise useful? To what extent might intelligence, education or stimulating mental activities delay or even reduce cognitive symptoms of dementia? However, the book goes well beyond cognition and addresses social and emotional changes in aging, as well as looking at how lifestyle factors may be influential in psychological functioning. The section on the psychology of dementia covers the evolving psychological models, plus innovative types of psychological interventions. As more people live to an age where they are dependent on others, the book also considers the stresses on carers and how carers can be supported. Lastly, other aspects of mental health problems in old-age are addressed, including depression, PTSD and personality disorder. This collection of intriguing and inspiring papers will liven up the shelves of students, researchers and academics in the field as well as being a very useful resource for research, teaching and study.
Download or read book Social Support Theory Research and Applications written by I.G. Sarason and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "No one is rich enough to do without a neighbor." Traditional Danish Proverb This bit of Danish folk wisdom expresses an idea underlying much of the current thinking about social support. While the clinical literature has for a long time recognized the deleterious effects of unwholesome social relationships, only more recently has the focus broadened to include the positive side of social interaction, those interpersonal ties that are desired, rewarding, and protective. This book contains theoretical and research contributions by a group of scholars who are charting this side of the social spectrum. Evidence is increasing that maladaptive ways of thinking and behaving occur disproportionately among people with few social supports. Rather than sapping self-reliance, strong ties with others particularly family members seem to encourage it. Reliance on others and self-reliance are not only compatible but complementary to one another. While the mechanism by which an intimate relationship is protective has yet to be worked out, the following factors seem to be involved: intimacy, social integration through shared concerns, reassurance of worth, the opportunity to be nurtured by others, a sense of reliable alliance, and guidance. The major advance that is taking place in the literature on social support is that reliance is being -placed less on anecdotal and clinical evidence and more on empirical inquiry. The chapters of this book reflect this important development and identify the frontiers that are currently being explored.
Download or read book Marital Status Social Support and Health Transitions in Chronic Disease Patients written by Cathy Donald Sherbourne and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Married persons tend to be healthier, both physically and mentally, than unmarried persons. The authors tested the hypothesis that being married results in better physical and mental health outcomes for chronic disease patients (N = 1,817) by increasing social support. They modeled health outcomes one year later, controlling for initial health status. Cross-validation studies of two random halves of the sample supported an indirect effect of marital status on mental health through social support, but did not support a relationship, direct or indirect, of either marital status or social support with physical health outcomes. In addition, specific types of functional support were not differentially predictive of mental health status.
Download or read book Social Support and Health written by and published by Scholarly Title. This book was released on 1987 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 1247 entries to miscellaneous literature. Not restricted to specific disciplines; intended for interested personnel in all areas. Also includes some foreign languages. Classified arrangement. Entries give bibliographical information and annotations. Author, subject indexes.
Download or read book Handbook of Mental Health and Aging written by Nathan Hantke and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-11 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Mental Health and Aging, Third Edition provides a foundational background for practitioners and researchers to understand mental health care in older adults as presented by leading experts in the field. Wherever possible, chapters integrate research into clinical practice. The book opens with conceptual factors, such as the epidemiology of mental health disorders in aging and cultural factors that impact mental health. The book transitions into neurobiological-based topics such as biomarkers, age-related structural changes in the brain, and current models of accelerated aging in mental health. Clinical topics include dementia, neuropsychology, psychotherapy, psychopharmacology, mood disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, sleep disorders, and substance abuse. The book closes with current and future trends in geriatric mental health, including the brain functional connectome, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), technology-based interventions, and treatment innovations. Identifies factors influencing mental health in older adults Includes biological, sociological, and psychological factors Reviews epidemiology of different mental health disorders Supplies separate chapters on grief, schizophrenia, mood, anxiety, and sleep disorders Discusses biomarkers and genetics of mental health and aging Provides assessment and treatment approaches
Download or read book Retooling for an Aging America written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first of the nation's 78 million baby boomers begin reaching age 65 in 2011, they will face a health care workforce that is too small and woefully unprepared to meet their specific health needs. Retooling for an Aging America calls for bold initiatives starting immediately to train all health care providers in the basics of geriatric care and to prepare family members and other informal caregivers, who currently receive little or no training in how to tend to their aging loved ones. The book also recommends that Medicare, Medicaid, and other health plans pay higher rates to boost recruitment and retention of geriatric specialists and care aides. Educators and health professional groups can use Retooling for an Aging America to institute or increase formal education and training in geriatrics. Consumer groups can use the book to advocate for improving the care for older adults. Health care professional and occupational groups can use it to improve the quality of health care jobs.
Download or read book ACS written by Carolyn Manville Baum and published by . This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activity Card Sort, 2nd Edition (ACS) is a flexible and useful measure of occupation that enables occupational therapy practitioners to help clients describe their instrumental, leisure, and social activities. The format's 89 photographs of individuals performing activities and 3 versions of the instrument (Institutional, Recovering, and Community Living) is easily understood and administered. Using the ACS will give clinicians the occupational history and information they need to help clients build routines of meaningful and healthy activities. Includes 20 instrumental activities, 35 low-physical-demand leisure activities, 17 high-physical-demand leisure activities, and 17 social activities and allows for the calculation of the percentage of activity retained.
Download or read book Multidimensional Components of Social Support Stressful Life Events Health and Well being in the Elderly written by Vickie Genean Williams and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
