Download or read book Strategic Responses to Parallel Trade written by Margaret K. Kyle and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines how pharmaceutical firms have responded to changes in intellectual property rights and trade barriers that legalized "parallel imports" within the European Union. The threat of arbitrage by parallel traders reduces the ability of firms to price discriminate across countries. Due to regulations on price and antitrust law on rationing supply, pharmaceutical firms may rely on non-price responses. Such responses include differentiation of products across countries and selective "culling" of product lines to reduce arbitrage opportunities, as well as raising arbitrageurs' costs through choice of packaging. Using a dataset of drug prices and sales from 1993-2004 covering 30 countries, I find evidence that the behavior of pharmaceutical firms in the EU with respect to their product portfolios is consistent with attempts to reduce parallel trade. This may at least partially explain why parallel trade has not yet resulted in significant price convergence across EU countries. Accounting for non-price strategic responses may therefore be important in assessing the welfare effects of parallel imports.

Download or read book The Strategic Effects of Parallel Trade written by Arijit Mukherjee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Antitrust Law Policy Fordham Competition Law 2009 written by Barry E. Hawk and published by Juris Publishing, Inc.. This book was released on 2010-03-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every October the Fordham Competition Law Institute brings together leading figures from governmental organizations, leading international law firms and corporations and academia to examine and analyze the most important issues in international antitrust and trade policy of the United States, the EU and the world. This work is the most definitive and comprehensive annual analysis of international antitrust law and policy available anywhere. Each annual edition sets out to explore and analyze the areas of antitrust/competition law that have had the most impact in that year. Recent "hot topics" include antitrust enforcement in Asia, Latin America: competition enforcement in the areas of telecommunications, media and information technology. All of the chapters raise questions of policy or discuss new developments and assess their significance and impact on antitrust and trade policy. The chapters are revised and updated before publication when necessary. As a result, the reader receives up-to-date practical tips and important analyses of difficult policy issues. The annual volumes are an indispensable guide through the sea of international antitrust law. The Fordham Competition Law Proceedings are acknowledged as simply the most definitive US/EC annual analyses of antitrust/competition law published. Value Package + Buy International Antitrust Law and Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 - Downloadable Electronic Product and get International Antitrust Law & Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 at an additional 50% off our everyday low price. Total Price: $250.00 Price for the Bundle: $187.50 This Item: International Antitrust Law & Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 International Antitrust Law and Policy: Fordham Competition Law 2009 - Downloadable Electronic Product

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Parallel Trade in the UK written by Panos Kanavos and published by Basic Civitas Books. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Health Economics written by Mark V. Pauly and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 1149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "As a relatively new subdiscipline of economics, health economics has made many contributions to areas of the main discipline, such as insurance economics. This volume provides a survey of the burgeoning literature on the subject of health economics." {source : site de l'éditeur].

Download or read book Parallel Importing Strategies written by John Barker and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry written by Patricia M. Danzon and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by health economists.

Download or read book Ex Post Evaluation of Competition Cases written by Assimakis Komninos and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competition authorities use ex post evaluation of enforcement decisions to help determine if an intervention (or non-intervention) has achieved its objectives – and, if not, the reasons it failed to do so – thus allowing for improvement in the design and use of techniques used in the analysis underpinning the decision. In this essential volume, expert contributors use this procedure to provide a neutral and extensive assessment of cases that have significantly shaped European Union (EU) competition law enforcement. With in-depth analysis of foundational cases of EU competition law and the methodologies that have been developed over time to predict how enforcement decisions will affect competition, for each case the authors respond thoroughly to such questions as the following: Did the decision have an impact on the affected market? Did it improve consumer or social welfare? With the benefit of hindsight, were the factual assertions true? Were all the relevant theories of harm (and efficiency justifications) properly investigated? Was the decision able to deter similar anticompetitive behaviour? Did the decision provide clear guidance on which types of conduct should be deemed illegal? Industries covered include information technology (the Microsoft cases), payment cards (the Visa Europe 2010 Commitments Decision), pharmaceuticals, and conditional rebates (Michelin I, Michelin II and BA/Virgin). Also investigated are the role of buyer power in concentration cases and the relative strength of competition law enforcement versus regulation, where appropriate. In its accumulation of evidence from individual cases that have gradually improved our ability to grasp the connections between policy choices and the outcomes they lead to, this matchless volume has no peers. It constitutes an invaluable resource for competition authorities in performing ex post evaluations and will be welcomed by practitioners and academics concerned with European competition law.

Download or read book The Parallel Importation of Trade marked Pharmaceuticals Within the European Union written by Despina Samara and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this thesis is to shed light into pharmaceutical regulation and trade-mark jurisprudence concerning parallel imports of pharmaceuticals. What is different about the present discussion on trade-marked goods is that it deals with "special goods", that is, pharmaceutical products. The special characteristics of the products under consideration are emphasised throughout this thesis with an extensive analysis of pharmaceutical regulation relating to pricing and reimbursement, marketing, packaging, labelling and naming requirements for medicines in the EU. Owing to pharmaceutical regulation's only partially harmonised nature, there is no common market for Pharmaceuticals in the EU as yet. -- The present analysis focuses on both pharmaceutical regulation and trade-mark jurisprudence on parallel-imported pharmaceuticals in order to examine how the two regimes have developed through the years in relation to pharmaceutical parallel imports. In a sense, this thesis is an examination of the legal responses to five strategies used by pharmaceutical companies to prevent parallel importation: (i) reliance on national trade-mark rights; (ii) reliance on the guarantee function of trade marks to prevent repackaging; (iii) use of different names for the same medicine; (iv) use of contractual terms in the distribution system; and (v) refusal to supply. -- The analysis shows that even if pharmaceutical regulation and trademark jurisprudence operate under different mandates-the first, to protect public health (public law concerns) and the second, to safeguard the interests of trademark owners (private law considerations)-they have developed in parallel and have been influenced by each other. In effect, the recent reform of pharmaceutical regulation means that repackaging, relabelling and rebranding practices will become less and less necessary, and hence likely, in the future.

Download or read book The Direction of the Parallel Import Industry in a Strategic Context written by Jayesh D. Patel and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Your Strategy Needs a Strategy written by Martin Reeves and published by Harvard Business Review Press. This book was released on 2015-05-19 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You think you have a winning strategy. But do you? Executives are bombarded with bestselling ideas and best practices for achieving competitive advantage, but many of these ideas and practices contradict each other. Should you aim to be big or fast? Should you create a blue ocean, be adaptive, play to win—or forget about a sustainable competitive advantage altogether? In a business environment that is changing faster and becoming more uncertain and complex almost by the day, it’s never been more important—or more difficult—to choose the right approach to strategy. In this book, The Boston Consulting Group’s Martin Reeves, Knut Haanæs, and Janmejaya Sinha offer a proven method to determine the strategy approach that is best for your company. They start by helping you assess your business environment—how unpredictable it is, how much power you have to change it, and how harsh it is—a critical component of getting strategy right. They show how existing strategy approaches sort into five categories—Be Big, Be Fast, Be First, Be the Orchestrator, or simply Be Viable—depending on the extent of predictability, malleability, and harshness. In-depth explanations of each of these approaches will provide critical insight to help you match your approach to strategy to your environment, determine when and how to execute each one, and avoid a potentially fatal mismatch. Addressing your most pressing strategic challenges, you’ll be able to answer questions such as: • What replaces planning when the annual cycle is obsolete? • When can we—and when should we—shape the game to our advantage? • How do we simultaneously implement different strategic approaches for different business units? • How do we manage the inherent contradictions in formulating and executing different strategies across multiple businesses and geographies? Until now, no book brings it all together and offers a practical tool for understanding which strategic approach to apply. Get started today.

Download or read book Contemporary Issues in International Law written by B.C. Nirmal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-13 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the changing nature of international law and its ability to respond to the contemporary issues related to international environment, trade and information technology. The evolution of international law has reached a stage where we are witnessing diminishing power of the state and its capacity to deal with the economic matters challenging the existing notions of territory and sovereignty. Recent trends in international law and international relations show that states no longer have exclusive control over the decision-making process at the global level. Keeping this in mind, the book brings together the perspectives of various international and national scholars. The book considers diverse issues such as, sustainable development, climate change, global warming, Rio+20, technology transfer, agro-biodiversity and genetic resource, authority for protection of environment, human right to water, globalization, human rights, sui generis options in IP laws, impact of liberalization on higher education, regulation of international trade, intellectual property rights, collective administration of copyright, broadcast reproduction rights, implementation of copyright law, communication rights under copyright law, arbitration for IP disputes, doctrine of exhaustion of rights, trans-border reputation of trademark, information as an asset, cyber obscenity and pornography, e-governance, taxation of e-commerce, computer crime, information technology, domain names, research excellence in legal education, ideological perspective on legal education, challenges for law teachers, and clinical legal education. The topics, though diverse, are closely interrelated, with the common concern throughout being that the global environment, international trade, information technology and legal education need appropriate national normative and institutional responses as well as the global cooperation of members of the international community. Presenting reflections of a number of Asian, African and European scholars on these varied facets, the book is of great value to scholars, practitioners, teachers and students associated with contemporary international law.

Download or read book Good Strategy Bad Strategy written by Richard Rumelt and published by Currency. This book was released on 2011-07-19 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good Strategy/Bad Strategy clarifies the muddled thinking underlying too many strategies and provides a clear way to create and implement a powerful action-oriented strategy for the real world. Developing and implementing a strategy is the central task of a leader. A good strategy is a specific and coherent response to—and approach for—overcoming the obstacles to progress. A good strategy works by harnessing and applying power where it will have the greatest effect. Yet, Rumelt shows that there has been a growing and unfortunate tendency to equate Mom-and-apple-pie values, fluffy packages of buzzwords, motivational slogans, and financial goals with “strategy.” In Good Strategy/Bad Strategy, he debunks these elements of “bad strategy” and awakens an understanding of the power of a “good strategy.” He introduces nine sources of power—ranging from using leverage to effectively focusing on growth—that are eye-opening yet pragmatic tools that can easily be put to work on Monday morning, and uses fascinating examples from business, nonprofit, and military affairs to bring its original and pragmatic ideas to life. The detailed examples range from Apple to General Motors, from the two Iraq wars to Afghanistan, from a small local market to Wal-Mart, from Nvidia to Silicon Graphics, from the Getty Trust to the Los Angeles Unified School District, from Cisco Systems to Paccar, and from Global Crossing to the 2007–08 financial crisis. Reflecting an astonishing grasp and integration of economics, finance, technology, history, and the brilliance and foibles of the human character, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy stems from Rumelt’s decades of digging beyond the superficial to address hard questions with honesty and integrity.

Download or read book Research Handbook on Intellectual Property Exhaustion and Parallel Imports written by Irene Calboli and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-24 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Americas to the European Union, Asia-Pacific and Africa, countries around the world are facing increased pressure to clarify the application of intellectual property exhaustion. This wide-ranging Research Handbook explores the questions that pose themselves as a result. Should exhaustion apply at the national, regional, or international level? Should parallel imports be considered lawful imports? Should copyright, patent, and trademark laws follow the same regime? Should countries attempt to harmonize their approaches? To what extent should living matters and self-replicating technologies be subject to the principle of exhaustion? To what extent have the rise of digital goods and the “Internet of things” redefined the concept of exhaustion in cyberspace? The Handbook offers insights to the challenges surrounding these questions and highlights how one answer does not fit all.

Download or read book Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of International Trade Law 2e written by Donald McRae and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-01-09 with total page 1201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of International Trade Law offers extensive analysis and critique on the principles of modern international trade law, considering the systems of trade between nations in their economic and institutional contexts.

Download or read book Handbook on the Economics of Copyright written by Richard Watt and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring expert contributors from around the world, this book offers insight into the vital theoretical and practical aspects of the economics of copyright. Topics discussed include fair use, performers� rights, copyright and trade, online music strea