Download or read book Statistical Physics Optimization Inference and Message Passing Algorithms written by Florent Krzakala and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, there have been an increasing convergence of interest and methods between theoretical physics and fields as diverse as probability, machine learning, optimization and compressed sensing. In particular, many theoretical and applied works in statistical physics and computer science have relied on the use of message passing algorithms and their connection to statistical physics of spin glasses. The aim of this book, especially adapted to PhD students, post-docs, and young researchers, is to present the background necessary for entering this fast developing field.

Download or read book Statistical Physics of Sparse and Dense Models in Optimization and Inference written by Hinnerk Christian Schmidt and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Datasets come in a variety of forms and from a broad range of different applications. Typically, the observed data is noisy or in some other way subject to randomness. The recent developments in machine learning have revived the need for exact theoretical limits of probabilistic methods that recover information from noisy data. In this thesis we are concerned with the following two questions: what is the asymptotically best achievable performance? And how can this performance be achieved, i.e., what is the optimal algorithmic strategy? The answer depends on the properties of the data. The problems in this thesis can all be represented as probabilistic graphical models. The generative process of the data determines the structure of the underlying graphical model. The structures considered here are either sparse random graphs or dense (fully connected) models. The above questions can be studied in a probabilistic framework, which leads to an average (or typical) case answer. Such a probabilistic formulation is natural to statistical physics and leads to a formal analogy with problems in disordered systems. In turn, this permits to harvest the methods developed in the study of disordered systems, to attack constraint satisfaction and statistical inference problems. The formal analogy can be exploited as follows. The optimal performance analysis is directly related to the structure of the extrema of the macroscopic free energy. The algorithmic aspects follow from the minimization of the microscopic free energy (that is, the Bethe free energy in this work) which is closely related to message passing algorithms. This thesis is divided into four contributions. First, a statistical physics investigation of the circular coloring problem is carried out that reveals several distinct features. Second, new rigorous upper bounds on the size of minimal contagious sets in random graphs, with bounded maximum degree, are obtained. Third, the phase diagram of the dense Dawid-Skene model is derived by mapping the problem onto low-rank matrix factorization. The associated approximate message passing algorithm is evaluated on real-world data. Finally, the Bayes optimal denoising mean square error is derived for a restricted class of extensive rank matrix estimation problems.

Download or read book From Statistical Physics to Statistical Inference and Back written by P. Grassberger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physicists, when modelling physical systems with a large number of degrees of freedom, and statisticians, when performing data analysis, have developed their own concepts and methods for making the `best' inference. But are these methods equivalent, or not? What is the state of the art in making inferences? The physicists want answers. More: neural computation demands a clearer understanding of how neural systems make inferences; the theory of chaotic nonlinear systems as applied to time series analysis could profit from the experience already booked by the statisticians; and finally, there is a long-standing conjecture that some of the puzzles of quantum mechanics are due to our incomplete understanding of how we make inferences. Matter enough to stimulate the writing of such a book as the present one. But other considerations also arise, such as the maximum entropy method and Bayesian inference, information theory and the minimum description length. Finally, it is pointed out that an understanding of human inference may require input from psychologists. This lively debate, which is of acute current interest, is well summarized in the present work.

Download or read book Statistical Mechanics in a Nutshell Second Edition written by Luca Peliti and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential introduction to modern statistical mechanics—now completely updated and expanded Statistical mechanics is one of the most exciting areas of physics today and has applications to subjects ranging from economics and social behavior to algorithmic theory and evolutionary biology. Statistical Mechanics in a Nutshell provides a self-contained introduction to this rapidly developing field. Starting with the basics of kinetic theory and requiring only a background in elementary calculus and mechanics, this concise book discusses the most important developments of recent decades and guides readers to the very threshold of today’s cutting-edge research. Features a new chapter on stochastic thermodynamics with an introduction to the thermodynamics of information—the first treatment of its kind in an introductory textbook Offers a more detailed account of numerical simulations, including simulated annealing and other accelerated Monte Carlo methods The chapter on complex systems now features an accessible introduction to the replica theory of spin glasses and the Hopfield theory of neural networks, with an emphasis on applications Provides a new discussion of defect-mediated transitions and their implications for two-dimensional melting An invaluable resource for graduate students and advanced undergraduates seeking a compact primer on the core ideas of statistical mechanics Solutions manual (available only to instructors)

Download or read book Active Matter and Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics written by Julien Tailleur and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From molecular motors to bacteria, from crawling cells to large animals, active entities are found at all scales in the biological world. Active matter encompasses systems whose individual constituents irreversibly dissipate energy to exert self-propelling forces on their environment. Over the past twenty years, scientists have managed to engineer synthetic active particles in the lab, paving the way towards smart active materials. This book gathers a pedagogical set of lecture notes that cover topics in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and active matter. These lecture notes stem from the first summer school on Active Matter delivered at the Les Houches school of Physics. The lectures covered four main research directions: collective behaviours in active-matter systems, passive and active colloidal systems, biophysics and active matter, and nonequilibrium statistical physics—from passive to active.

Download or read book Sublinear Computation Paradigm written by Naoki Katoh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book gives an overview of cutting-edge work on a new paradigm called the “sublinear computation paradigm,” which was proposed in the large multiyear academic research project “Foundations of Innovative Algorithms for Big Data.” That project ran from October 2014 to March 2020, in Japan. To handle the unprecedented explosion of big data sets in research, industry, and other areas of society, there is an urgent need to develop novel methods and approaches for big data analysis. To meet this need, innovative changes in algorithm theory for big data are being pursued. For example, polynomial-time algorithms have thus far been regarded as “fast,” but if a quadratic-time algorithm is applied to a petabyte-scale or larger big data set, problems are encountered in terms of computational resources or running time. To deal with this critical computational and algorithmic bottleneck, linear, sublinear, and constant time algorithms are required. The sublinear computation paradigm is proposed here in order to support innovation in the big data era. A foundation of innovative algorithms has been created by developing computational procedures, data structures, and modelling techniques for big data. The project is organized into three teams that focus on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling. The work has provided high-level academic research results of strong computational and algorithmic interest, which are presented in this book. The book consists of five parts: Part I, which consists of a single chapter on the concept of the sublinear computation paradigm; Parts II, III, and IV review results on sublinear algorithms, sublinear data structures, and sublinear modelling, respectively; Part V presents application results. The information presented here will inspire the researchers who work in the field of modern algorithms.

Download or read book Integrability From Statistical Systems to Gauge Theory written by Patrick Dorey and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-24 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, 106 of the Les Houches Summer School series, brings together applications of integrability to supersymmetric gauge and string theory. The book focuses on the application of integrability and problems in quantum field theory. Particular emphasis is given to the exact solution of planar N=4 super-Yang-Mills theory and its relation with string theory on the one hand, and the exact determination of the low-energy physics of N=2 super-Yang-Mills theories on the other; links with other domains are also explored. The purpose of the Les Houches Summer School was to bring together young researchers and specialists from statistical physics, condensed matter physics, gauge and string theory, and mathematics, to stimulate discussion across these different research areas.

Download or read book Optimization and Learning written by Bernabé Dorronsoro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Optimization and Learning, OLA 2021, held in Catania, Italy, in June 2021. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic the conference was held online. The 27 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 62 submissions. The papers presented in the volume are organized in topical sections on ​synergies between optimization and learning; learning for optimization; machine learning and deep learning; transportation and logistics; optimization; applications of learning and optimization methods.

Download or read book Current Trends in Atomic Physics written by Antoine Browaeys and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-05-14 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the lecture notes of courses given at Session CVII of the summer school in physics, entitled "Current Trends in Atomic Physics" and held in July, 2016 in Les Houches, France. Atomic physics provides a paradigm for exploring few-body quantum systems with unparalleled control. In recent years, this ability has been applied in diverse areas including condensed matter physics, high energy physics, chemistry and ultra-fast phenomena as well as foundational aspects of quantum physics. This book addresses these topics by presenting developments and current trends via a series of tutorials and lectures presented by international leading investigators.

Download or read book Effective Field Theory in Particle Physics and Cosmology written by Sacha Davidson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of the CVIII session of the Ecole de Physique des Houches, held in July 2017, was Effective Field Theory in Particle Physics and Cosmology. Effective Field Theory (EFT) is a general method for describing quantum systems with multiple length scales in a tractable fashion. It allows to perform precise calculations in established models (such as the Standard Models of particle physics and cosmology), as well as to concisely parametrise possible effects from physics beyond the Standard Models. The goal of this school was to offer a broad introduction to the foundations and modern applications of Effective Field Theory in many of its incarnations. This is all the more important as there are preciously few textbooks covering the subject, none of them in a complete way. In this book, the lecturers present the concepts in a pedagogical way so that readers can adapt some of the latest developments to their own problems. The chapters cover almost all the lectures given at the school and will serve as an introduction to the topic and as a reference manual to students and researchers.

Download or read book From Molecules to Living Organisms an Interplay Between Biology and Physics written by Eva Pebay-Peyroula and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this title is to familiarise the new generation of PhD students and postdoctoral fellows with the principles and methods of modern lattice field theory, which aims to resolve fundamental, non-perturbative questions about QCD without uncontrolled approximations.

Download or read book Stochastic Processes and Random Matrices written by Grégory Schehr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of stochastic processes and Random Matrix Theory (RMT) has been a rapidly evolving subject during the last fifteen years. The continuous development and discovery of new tools, connections and ideas have led to an avalanche of new results. These breakthroughs have been made possible thanks, to a large extent, to the recent development of various new techniques in RMT. Matrix models have been playing an important role in theoretical physics for a long time and they are currently also a very active domain of research in mathematics. An emblematic example of these recent advances concerns the theory of growth phenomena in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class where the joint efforts of physicists and mathematicians during the last twenty years have unveiled the beautiful connections between this fundamental problem of statistical mechanics and the theory of random matrices, namely the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of certain ensembles of random matrices. This text not only covers this topic in detail but also presents more recent developments that have emerged from these discoveries, for instance in the context of low dimensional heat transport (on the physics side) or integrable probability (on the mathematical side).

Download or read book Strongly Interacting Quantum Systems out of Equilibrium written by Thierry Giamarchi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-17 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade new experimental tools and theoretical concepts are providing new insights into collective nonequilibrium behavior of quantum systems. The exquisite control provided by laser trapping and cooling techniques allows us to observe the behavior of condensed bose and degenerate Fermi gases under nonequilibrium drive or after `quenches' in which a Hamiltonian parameter is suddenly or slowly changed. On the solid state front, high intensity short-time pulses and fast (femtosecond) probes allow solids to be put into highly excited states and probed before relaxation and dissipation occur. Experimental developments are matched by progress in theoretical techniques ranging from exact solutions of strongly interacting nonequilibrium models to new approaches to nonequilibrium numerics. The summer school `Strongly interacting quantum systems out of equilibrium' held at the Les Houches School of Physics as its XCIX session was designed to summarize this progress, lay out the open questions and define directions for future work. This books collects the lecture notes of the main courses given in this summer school.

Download or read book Quantum Optics and Nanophotonics written by Claude Fabre and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, the quantum aspects of light have been explored and major progress has been made in understanding the specific quantum aspects of the interaction between light and matter. The domain of classical optics has recently seen many exciting new developments, especially in the areas of nano-optics, nano-antennas, metamaterials, and optical cloaking. Approaches based on single-molecule detection and plasmonics have provided new avenues for exploring light-matter interaction at the nanometre scale. All these topics have in common a trend to consider and use smaller and smaller objects, down to the micrometre, nanometre, and even atomic range. The summer school held in Les Houches in July 2013 treated all these subjects lying at the frontier between nanophotonics and quantum optics, in a series of lectures given by world experts

Download or read book Soft Interfaces written by Lydéric Bocquet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is an introduction to interfacial phenomena. It collects the lecture notes from a one month Summer school in Les Houches. The courses and the notes are intended to be especially useful for master and PhD students as well as young researchers.

Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Turbulent Flows in Climate Dynamics written by Freddy Bouchet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, number 109 of the Les Houches Summer School series, presents the lectures held in August 2017 on the subject of turbulent flows in climate dynamics. Leading scientists in the fields of climate dynamics, atmosphere and ocean dynamics, geophysical fluid dynamics, physics and non-linear sciences present their views on this fast growing and interdisciplinary field of research, by venturing upon fundamental problems of atmospheric convection, clouds, large scale circulation, and predictability. Climate is controlled by turbulent flows. Turbulent motions are responsible for the bulk of the transport of energy, momentum, and water vapor in the atmosphere, which determine the distribution of temperature, winds, and precipitation on Earth. The aim of this book is to survey what is known about how turbulent flows control climate, what role they may play in climate change, and to outline where progress in this important area can be expected, given today's computational and observational capabilities. This book reviews the state-of-the-art developments in this field and provides an essential background to future studies. All chapters are written from a pedagogical perspective, making the book accessible to masters and PhD students and all researchers wishing to enter this field.

Download or read book Information Physics and Computation written by Marc Mézard and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A very active field of research is emerging at the frontier of statistical physics, theoretical computer science/discrete mathematics, and coding/information theory. This book sets up a common language and pool of concepts, accessible to students and researchers from each of these fields.