Download or read book State of the Practice for Bioreactor Landfills written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book State of the practice for bioreactor landfills written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book State of the Practice for Bioreactor Landfills written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Comparative Evaluation of Liquid Infiltration Methods for Bioreactor Landfills written by Timothy J. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Instead of merely disposing of municipal solid waste (i.e., MSW, garbage, refuse) in a traditional landfill, new technology is being developed to treat landfilled waste in situ by designing and operating the landfill as a biological treatment system or bioreactor. Increasing the moisture content of solid waste to 40% or more (by leachate recirculation or water addition) enhances the biodegradation process. However the probable existence of preferential flow paths prevents wetting the entire waste mass to biologically optimal conditions. Significant areas of concern include the operational aspects of applying leachate to waste in the landfill. In leachate recirculation projects found in the literature, a variety of infiltration methods were used to introduce leachate back to the landfill mass. However, a direct comparison of the effectiveness of the methods was not found. Therefore, this research evaluated four methods of wetting MSW and assessed the effectiveness of each method. This project included the design and dissemination of a questionnaire to determine the current state of practice in bioreactor technology in the U.S. and a laboratory study of four liquid infiltration methods. The infiltration methods were: trickle irrigation cascade system; horizontal trench; single wells; and cluster wells. The project used four 2.0 m3 laboratory-scale landfills containing "engineered" MSW. Evaluation of moisture distribution was performed using two different types of in-situ moisture sensors and a dye tracer study to determine distribution of moisture and flow rates. Results of the project indicated that; three liquid infiltration methods were utilized by respondents to the bioreactor questionnaire, a larger number of respondents to the bioreactor questionnaire are needed to determine if design parameters are emerging from industry and academia. The GMX in-situ moisture monitoring instruments did not sense moisture content below 40%, to reliably sense moisture content both the TDT and GMX sensors must be in intimate contact with the surrounding media. The cluster well method provided the greatest overall increase in the moisture content of the waste during the experiments. However, none of the infiltration methods tested wetted the waste to the desired 40% moisture content during the 8 hour test runs.

Download or read book Sustainable Practices for Landfill Design and Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management is a global concern, and landfilling remains the predominant management method in most areas of the world. This book provides a comprehensive view of state-of-the-art methods to manage landfills more sustainably, drawing upon more than two decades of research, design, and operational experiences at operating sites across the world. Sustainable landfills implement one or multiple technologies to control and enhance the degradation of waste materials to realize a multitude of potential benefits during or shortly after the landfill’s operating phase. This book presents detailed approaches in the development, design, operation, and monitoring of sustainable landfills. Case studies showcasing the benefits and challenges of sustainable landfill technologies are also provided to give the reader additional context. The intent of the book is to serve as a reference guide for regulatory personnel, a practical tool for designers and engineers to build on for site-specific applications of sustainable landfill technologies, and a comprehensive resource for researchers who are continuing to explore new and better ways to more sustainably manage waste materials.

Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.

Download or read book Enhanced stabilisation of municipal solid waste in bioreactor landfills written by Roberto Valencia Vazquez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-12-01 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal solid waste entombed in landfills will produce pollution in the form of landfill gas and leachate when the barriers fail in the long term. Bioreactor landfills are an alternative solution to avoid such negative impacts and to achieve a more stable residue, the so-called Final Storage Quality (FSQ) of residues. However, until now the main

Download or read book Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2007 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Dept. of the Interior and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book CIVIL ENGINEERING written by PRABHU TL and published by NestFame Creations Pvt Ltd.. This book was released on with total page 2007 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Civil Engineering Book is one-of-a-kind. This book is structured to raise the level of expertise in Civil Engineering and to improve the competitiveness in the global markets. A civil engineer is someone who applies scientific knowledge to improve infrastructure and common utilities that meet basic human needs. Civil engineers plan, design and manage large construction projects. This could include bridges, buildings,dams, tunnels, buildings, airports, water and sewage systems, transport links and other major structures. They use computer modelling software and data from surveys, tests and maps to create project blueprints. These plans advise contractors on the best course of action and help minimise environmental impact and risk. Buildings and bridges are often the first structures to come to mind, because they are the most obvious engineering creations. But civil engineers are also responsible for less visible creations and contributions. Every time we open a water faucet, we expect water to come out, without thinking that civil engineers made it possible, in many cases by designing systems that transport water to cities from mountain sources that are sometimes hundreds of miles away. Civil engineering is one of the oldest and broadest engineering professions. It focuses on the infrastructure necessary to support a civilized society. The Roman aqueducts, the great European cathedrals, and the earliest metal bridges were built by highly skilled forerunners of the modern civil engineer. These craftsmen of old relied on their intuition, trade skills, and experience-based design rules, or heuristics, derived from years of trial and error experiments but rarely passed on to the next generation. This book of Civil Engineering covers Below Subjects ❏ FUNDAMENTALS ❏ BUILDING CONSTRUCTION ❏ CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY ❏ CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING ❏ ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ❏ GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING ❏ GEOTHERMAL ENGINEERING ❏ HYDRAULICS ❏ PAVEMENT ❏ STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ❏ TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING ❏ MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ❏WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING In contrast, today's civil engineers bring to bear on these problems a knowledge of the physical and natural sciences, mathematics, computational methods, economics, and project management. Civil engineers design and construct buildings, transportation systems (such as roads, tunnels, bridges, railroads, and airports), and facilities to manage and maintain the quality of water resources. Society relies on civil engineers to maintain and advance human health, safety, and our standard of living. Those projects that are vital to a community's survival are often publicly funded to ensure that they get done, even where there is no clear or immediate profit motive.

Download or read book Interior Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations for 2006 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Interior Environment and Related Agencies Appropriations For 2007 Part 3 109 2 Hearings written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Novel Computational Approach for the Management of Bioreactor Landfills written by Mohamed E. S. M. Abdallah and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book EPA National Publications Catalog written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bioreactor Landfill Research and Demonstration Project Northern Oaks Landfill Harrison MI written by Xiando Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bioreactor landfill cell with 1.2-acre footprint was constructed, filled, operated, and monitored atNorthern Oaks Recycling and Disposal Facility (NORDF) at Harrison, MI. With a filled volume of74,239 cubic yards, the cell contained approximately 35,317 tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) and20,777 tons of cover soil. It was laid on the slope of an existing cell but separated by a geosyntheticmembrane liner. After the cell reached a design height of 60 feet, it was covered with a geosyntheticmembrane cap. A three-dimensional monitoring system to collect data at 48 different locations wasdesigned and installed during the construction phase of the bioreactor cell. Each location had a cluster of monitoring devices consisting of a probe to monitor moisture and temperature, a leachate collection basin, and a gas sampling port. An increase in moisture content of the MSW in the bioreactor cell was achieved by pumping leachatecollected on-site from various other cells, as well as recirculation of leachate from the bioreactor landfillcell itself. Three types of leachate injection systems were evaluated in this bioreactor cell for theirefficacy to distribute pumped leachate uniformly: a leachate injection pipe buried in a 6-ft wide horizontalstone mound, a 15-ft wide geocomposite drainage layer, and a 60-ft wide geocomposite drainage layer. All leachate injection systems were installed on top of the compacted waste surface. The distribution ofwater and resulting MSW moisture content throughout the bioreactor cell was found to be similar for thethree designs. Water coming into and leaving the cell (leachate pumped in, precipitation, snow, evaporation, and collected leachate) was monitored in order to carry out a water balance. Using a leachate injection rate of 26 - 30 gal/yard3, the average moisture content increased from 25% to 35% (wet based) over the period of this study. One of the key aspects of this bioreactor landfill study was to evaluate bioreactor start up andperformance in locations with colder climate. For lifts filled during the summer months, methanegeneration started within three months after completion of the lift. For lifts filled in winter months, verylittle methane production occurred even eight months after filling. The temperature data indicated thatsubzero or slightly above zero (oC) temperatures persisted for unusually long periods (more than sixmonths) in the lifts filled during winter months. This was likely due to the high thermal insulationcapability of the MSW and the low level of biological activity during start up. This observation indicatesthat bioreactor landfills located in cold climate and filled during winter months may require mechanismsto increase temperature and initiate biodegradation. Thus, besides moisture, temperature may be the next important factor controlling the biological decomposition in anaerobic bioreactor landfills. Spatial and temporal characterization of leachate samples indicated the presence of low levels ofcommonly used volatile organic compounds (including acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutylketone, and toluene) and metals (including arsenic, chromium, and zinc). Changes and leachate andgaseous sample characteristics correlated with enhanced biological activity and increase in temperature. Continued monitoring of this bioreactor landfill cell is expected to yield critical data needed for start up, design, and operation of this emerging process.

Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Example moisture mass balance calculations for bioreactor landfills written by Amy Alexander and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents two example mass balance calculations for estimating whether the moisture content of the waste mass in a bioreactor landfill is above or below 40 percent, within the requirements of the landfills NESHAP.