Download or read book Stable Isotope Methods for the Study of the Nitrogen Cycle written by Evgenia Ryabenko and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable Isotope Methods for the Study of the Nitrogen Cycle.
Download or read book Nitrogen Isotope Techniques written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first laboratory manual to bring together basic procedures for measurement of stable and radioactive isotopes of nitrogen, with specific applications to plant, soil, and aquatic biology. This bench-top reference gives practical coverage of mass and emission spectrometry, nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and identification, organic nitrogen, and the radioactive isotope 13N. Methods are described so that researchers can adapt them, without the aid of outside references, to virtually any task they may encounter in investigations of nitrogen transformation processes. - Serves as a practical guide for nitrogen isotope techniques - Features studies of nitrogen transformations in terrestrial and aquatic systems - Includes basic measurement techniques plus specific applications for stable and radioactive nitrogen isotopes - Presents detailed protocols, overviews, and key references - Includes fifty figures and sixteen tables - Hands-on reference for both students and researchers
Download or read book Stable Isotope Techniques in the Study of Biological Processes and Functioning of Ecosystems written by M.J. Unkovich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-07-31 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has a very strong practical orientation, telling readers what methodologies are available using stable isotopes, how studies should be designed and executed to maximise effectiveness and incisiveness in terms of data obtained and outcomes in terms of understanding events and processes in plant and ecosystem functioning. The readership is very much aimed toward postgraduates with good knowledge of general biological principles and underlying chemical and physical processes. Pre-existing knowledge of or experience in application and assay of stable isotopes is not required. The stable isotope research field is one of the most rapidly growing areas of ecophysiology and techniques using stable isotopes comprise an ever increasing component of research programs of university postgraduates and a wide range of agencies conducting environmental monitoring and rehabilitation programs. The book is tailor-made for such an audience.
Download or read book Nitrogen Isotopes in Deep Time written by Colin Mettam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-18 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for life, and its sources and cycling have varied over earth history. Stable isotope ratios of nitrogen compounds (expressed as δ15N, in ‰) are preserved in the sedimentary record and track these changes, providing important insights into associated biogeochemical feedbacks. Here we review the use of nitrogen stable isotope geochemistry in unravelling the evolution of the global N cycle in deep time. We highlight difficulties with preservation, unambiguous interpretations, and local versus global effects. We end with several case studies illustrating how depositional and stratigraphic context is crucial in reliably interpreting δ15N records in ancient marine sediments, both in ancient anoxic (Archean) and more recent well oxygenated (Phanerozoic) environments.
Download or read book Topics in Oceanography written by Enrico Zambianchi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-07-10 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanography is the par excellence interdisciplinary science thanks to its peculiar setting within a fluid environment that makes connections extremely efficient. The oceans connections are well mirrored in the chapters of this book that share a quite explicit multidisciplinary and multi-environmental character. The book provides chapters on very different topics under very different settings, some with a focused angle, others with a broader approach, yet all sharing the idea that we need to understand the small pieces in order to put together the big picture for a much larger mechanism, the functioning of the ocean as a whole.
Download or read book Nitrogen Isotope Analysis of Ammonium and Glycine written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotope techniques can be used as a tool in nitrogen cycling studies of different ecosystems. The studies are based on measurement of the heavy (15N)- to- light (14N) isotopic ratios of nitrogen in different biospheric pools. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) is the most precise technique to use for analysis of nitrogen isotopic ratios. This thesis deals with the development of methods for compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of ammonium and glycine in aqueous solutions and soil extracts using Gas Chromatography - Combustion (GC-C) - IRMS. For ammonium, three different techniques were developed: equilibrium headspace analysis, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and the purge and trap (P & T) technique, which were all based on conversion of ammonium to ammonia with subsequent separation of ammonia for analysis. In the SPME and P & T approaches, custom-made absorbents were used for pre-concentration, followed by thermal desorption into the GC-C-IRMS system. For the equilibrium headspace technique, high precision measurements of the nitrogen isotopic ratio were obtained for concentrations above 420 mg N L-1. With further improvements and the use of suitable equipment, the method has the potential to be used for solutions containing ammonium in the low mg N L-1 range. The SPME technique increased the sensitivity by a factor of » 3 compared to the headspace technique, but was less precise. In addition, the NafionÒ material used for absorption showed a memory effect in the desorption step. With the P & T technique a large variation in the measured isotopic value was observed (using solutions containing 2 mg N L-1) which was due to a non-quantitative thermal desorption. However, with further improvements, the P & T technique has the potential to be used for samples containing below 1.0 µg N, which is a much lower amount than that possible with any method used today. A method for determination of the nitrogen isotopic ratio in free glycine in soil extract
Download or read book Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science written by Kate Lajtha and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1994-08-16 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable isotopes are used extensively in all areas of ecology: in studying metabolic processes, to monitor nitrogen turnover in soil, to look at pollution in rainwater, to trace elements through ecosystems, etc. This book, written by two of the leading researchers in the field, will explain the background to stable isotope methodology and discuss the use of the methods in varying ecological situations. An ideal resource for all ecologists using or seeking to use isotopes in their research. A complete guide to the methods, the theory behind them and their advantages and disadvantages. Adopts an ecosystem approach - unlike the competition.
Download or read book Compound specific Stable Isotope Analysis written by Maik A Jochmann and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-11-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA) is increasing in many areas of science and technology for source allocation, authentication, and characterization of transformation reactions. Until now, there have been no textbooks available for students with an analytical chemical background or basic introductory books emphasising the instrumentation and theory. This book is the first to focus solely on stable isotope analysis of individual compounds in sometimes complex mixtures. It acts as both a lecture companion for students and a consultant for advanced scientists in fields including forensic and environmental science. The book starts with a brief history of the field before going on to explain stable isotopes from scratch. The different ways to express isotope abundances are introduced together with isotope effects and isotopic fractionation. A detailed account of the required technical equipment and general procedures for CSIA is provided. This includes sections on derivatization and the use of microextraction techniques in GC-IRMS. The very important topic of referencing and calibration in CSIA is clearly described. This differs from approaches used in quantitative analysis and is often difficult for the newcomer to comprehend. Examples of successful applications of CSIA in food authenticity, forensics, archaeology, doping control, environmental science, and extraterrestrial materials are included. Applications in isotope data treatment and presentation are also discussed and emphasis is placed on the general conclusions that can be drawn from the uses of CSIA. Further instrumental developments in the field are highlighted and selected experiments are introduced that may act as a basis for a short practical course at graduate level.
Download or read book New Methods for Nitrogen Stable Isotope Measurements of Amino Acids written by Taylor A. B. Broek and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compound specific isotope analysis of individual amino acids (CSI-AA) is a powerful tool for tracing nitrogen (N) source and transformation in biogeochemical cycles. Specifically, the delta15N value of phenylalanine (delta15N Phe) represents an increasingly used proxy for baseline delta15N values, with particular promise for paleoceanographic applications. Further, multiple studies have shown that delta15N values of Phe and glutamic acid (Glu) can be coupled to provide precise estimates of trophic position (TP), while simultaneously decoupling baseline delta15N values from the effects of trophic transfer. However, current derivatization/gas chromatography (GC) methods require expensive and relatively uncommon instrumentation, and have relatively low precision, posing significant issues for many potential applications. Here we present a new approach to CSI-AA based on a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification of underivatized amino acids, followed by offline elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). The utility of this approach is demonstrated in two different applications using natural materials: 1) the construction of a high precision paleoceanographic record from the delta15NPhe in proteinaceous coral tissue and 2) the TP estimation of five marine organisms using the coupled delta15N values of Glu and Phe. Both demonstrations were compared to values measured by an established GC based method. In all cases both methods produced equivalent values, however, values generated by the new HPLC/EA-IRMS approach had higher average precision in all cases. These results demonstrate that this approach represents a viable alternative to traditional GC based methods for delta15NAA measurement and may therefore allow significant expansion of CSI-AA applications, requiring only commonly available instrumentation to produce high precision delta15N AA values.
Download or read book Stable Isotope Ecology written by Brian Fry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-15 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A solid introduction to stable isotopes that can also be used as an instructive review for more experienced researchers and professionals. The book approaches the use of isotopes from the perspective of ecological and biological research, but its concepts can be applied within other disciplines. A novel, step-by-step spreadsheet modeling approach is also presented for circulating tracers in any ecological system, including any favorite system an ecologist might dream up while sitting at a computer. The author’s humorous and lighthearted style painlessly imparts the principles of isotope ecology. The online material contains color illustrations, spreadsheet models, technical appendices, and problems and answers.
Download or read book Nitrogen in the Marine Environment written by Edward J. Carpenter and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 919 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen in the Marine Environment provides information pertinent to the many aspects of the nitrogen cycle. This book presents the advances in ocean productivity research, with emphasis on the role of microbes in nitrogen transformations with excursions to higher trophic levels. Organized into 24 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the abundance and distribution of the various forms of nitrogen in a number of estuaries. This text then provides a comparison of the nitrogen cycling of various ecosystems within the marine environment. Other chapters consider chemical distributions and methodology as an aid to those entering the field. This book discusses as well the enzymology of the initial steps of inorganic nitrogen assimilation. The final chapter deals with the philosophy and application of modeling as an investigative method in basic research on nitrogen dynamics in coastal and open-ocean marine environments. This book is a valuable resource for plant biochemists, microbiologists, aquatic ecologists, and bacteriologists.
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-09 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the geosciences. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary source of information with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems. It is subdivided into three parts: i) theoretical and experimental principles, ii) fractionation processes of light and heavy elements, iii) the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. In the last decade, major advances in multicollector-ICP-mass-spectrometry enable the precise determination of a wide range of transition and heavy elements. Progress in analysing the rare isotopes of certain elements allows the distinction between mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionations. These major advances in analytical techniques make an extended new edition necessary. Special emphasis has been given to the growing field of “non-traditional” isotope systems. Many new references have been added, which will enable quick access to recent literature.
Download or read book Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology written by C. Kendall and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a new "earth systems" approach to catchments that encompasses the physical and biogeochemical interactions that control the hydrology and biogeochemistry of the system. The text provides a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of catchment hydrology, principles of isotope geochemistry, and the isotope variability in the hydrologic cycle -- but the main focus of the book is on case studies in isotope hydrology and isotope geochemistry that explore the applications of isotope techniques for investigating modern environmental problems. Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology is the first synthesis of physical hydrology and isotope geochemistry with catchment focus, and is a valuable reference for professionals and students alike in the fields of hydrology, hydrochemistry, and environmental science. This important interdisciplinary text provides extensive guidelines for the application of isotope techniques for all investigatores facing the challenge of protecting precious water, soil, and ecological resources from the ever-increasing problems associated with population growth and environmental change, including those from urban development and agricultural land uses.
Download or read book A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology written by Francesca Cotrufo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few decades, the field of ecology has made huge advancements thanks to stable isotopes. Ecologists need to understand the principles of stable isotopes to fully appreciate many studies in their discipline. Ecologists also need to be aware of isotopic approaches to enrich their “toolbox” for further advancing the discipline. A Primer on Stable Isotopes in Ecology is a concise and foundational resource for anyone interested in acquiring theoretical and practical knowledge for the application of stable isotopes in ecology. Readers will gain a more in-depth and complete knowledge of stable isotopes and explore isotopic methods used in ecological research, learning about stable isotope definitions, measurement, ecological processes, and applications in research. Chapters include in-depth descriptions of stable isotopes and their notation, isotope fractionation, isotope mixing, heavy isotope enrichment, and quantification methods by mass spectrometry and laser spectroscopy. The text guides readers to think "isotopically” to better understand research conducted using stable isotopes. The book also provides basic practical skills and activities to apply stable isotope methods in ecological research. It includes 5 activities through which readers can apply their knowledge to real-world problems and improve their skills for interpreting and using stable isotopes in ecological research. This book is designed for students and scientists from different backgrounds who share the common interest in stable isotopes.
Download or read book Tracers in Metabolic Research written by Robert R. Wolfe and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods for studying metabolism. Determination of substrate kinetics. Constant isotope infusion technique. Determination of substrate kinetics. Bolus-injection technique. Determination of substrate oxidation. Bicarbonate kinetics and natural enrichment. Priming the pool. Nonsteady state kinetics. Selection of sites for infusing isotope andj drawing samples. Specific application. Glucose metabolism. Specific application. Urea. Specific application. Fat meltabolism. Amino acids. Whole-body protein turnover. Total body water. Clinical application of stable isotopes. Analytical methods. Instrumentation. Mass spectrometry. Selected ion monitoring. Preparation of samples. Chromatography. Determination of specific radioactivity. Collection of CO2. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry techniques. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. In vivo approaches. Isotopic tracers. Advantages of stable isotopes. Biological effects. Enzymatic effects. Definition of terms. Influence of uptake on calculation of rate of appearance. Influence of pool size and complexity. Net movement of tracer and tracee. Clearance. Stable versus radioisotopes. Single-pool analysis. Bicarbonate recovery. Natural abundance of 13C. Practical consideration of performing recovery studies. Determining NaH13 CO3 infusion rate. Determining VCO2. Theory of priming dose. Priming secondary pools. Steele equation. In vivo assessment of steele equation. Glucose. Effective volume of distribution. Urea. Arterial versus central venous infusion.
Download or read book Stable Isotopes written by H. Griffiths and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this authoritative review, leading international researchers explore the growing range of applications of stable isotope techniques for probing and integrating biological processes and palaeoclimatic cycles. The interdisciplinary approach covers a wide range of issues, opportunities and developments, setting interactions with plants in the context of water and nutrient cycles, exchanges with the atmosphere and modelling past and present climate change. This important book will appeal to those requiring an overview of the use of stable isotopes in aquatic, terrestrial and climatic processes and is in tune with current global concerns. In addition postgraduates and research scientists will find an extensive guide to more specialist disciplines, including developing mass spectrometer technologies, compound-specific and cellular-discrimination processes or whole organism and ecosystem responses.
Download or read book Aquatic Food Webs written by Andrea Belgrano and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Aquatic Food Webs' provides a current synthesis of theoretical and empirical food web research. The textbook is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers in community, ecosystem, and theoretical ecology, in aquatic ecology, and in conservation biology.
