Download or read book Spruce Tree Chemistry to Assist in Geological Mapping of an Overburden covered Extensional Fault Central British Columbia written by D. Chan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geological Survey Bulletin written by Geological Survey of Canada and published by . This book was released on 1945 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book International Books in Print written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Explore written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Twenty year Interior Spruce Tree Growth and Nutrient Levels on Calcareous Soils in Southeastern British Columbia written by Douglas George Maynard and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The general objective of this study was to determine if calcium carbonate was a limiting factor in the growth of 20-year old interior spruce. The specific objectives were: to describe the soil conditions for the acidic (eka) and calcareous (ekc) soil groupings for the progeny test sites studied by Xie et al. (1998); to determine the relationship of 20-year-old interior spruce growth with depth to carbonates at two calcareous sites within the former Invermere Forest District; to determine the relationship of soil and foliar chemistry to interior spruce growth at the two calcareous sites; and to compare the foliage chemistry of interior spruce growing on calcareous soils to interior spruce growing on a non-calcareous soil.--Document.

Download or read book Development and Structure of Three High elevation Old Spruce fir Stands in the Quesnel Highland of East central British Columbia written by O. A. Steen and published by University of British Columbia Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study describes the composition, size and age structure, and development of three old Engelmann spruce-subalpine fir stands at high elevations (>1500 m) in the Quesnel Highland in east-central British Columbia. The descriptions provide a basis for designing alternative silvicultural systems that will maintain usable old-forest habitat for mountain caribou and other old-growth-dependent species. Subalpine fir, which comprised 86% of all stems in the three stands, had inverse-J-shaped size and age profiles. Engelmann spruce included the largest trees in each stand but had bimodal size and age profiles. Age structure interpretations suggest that the stands have developed over periods of about 290-450 years since the last major stand-level disturbances (probably wildfires). Current stand age structures contain no clear evidence of post-establishment stand-level disturbances, although the data do not exclude the possibility of such disturbances. Approximately 29% of the fir trees and 13% of the spruce trees were dead. Age analyses of the tree seedling banks in the three stands indicate stable populations with continuous recruitment during the last 40 years. Young seedlings occurred preferentially on woody debris in advanced stages of decay, suggesting that seedling density differences among stands may be due at least partially to differences in the amount of woody debris. The stand that apparently had the shortest time (about 290 years) for development since major disturbance had a structure that was still adjusting to disturbance. Evidence of this adjustment includes a bimodal fir age distribution and a high density of small trees that are apparently undergoing thinning. In addition, this stand had very few large (>60 cm dbh) live or dead trees and low volumes of coarse woody debris, especially in large and well-decomposed pieces, compared to the other two stands. A comparison of the three stands in this study suggests that naturally established high-elevation forests of the ESSFwc3 may not achieve some old-growth attributes, such as large dead trees and large, well-decomposed woody debris, until 400 or more years following initiation. The two stands in this study with the longest period of development (at least 450 years) had balanced size and age structures and well-represented old-growth attributes such as large dead trees and large, well-decayed woody debris. Planted stands may achieve some ESSFwc3 old-growth features several decades sooner than natural stands, due to a shorter stand initiation period. The alternative silvicultural system that has been proposed for maintaining suitable mountain caribou habitat following harvesting in this area (group selection system with 240-year rotation) will likely result in stands with many old-growth features, including abundant arboreal lichens. Some features that may not be present in these stands include a uniform inverse-J age distribution, many large (>60 cm dbh) live and standing dead trees, and large-diameter, well-decayed woody debris. As old stands in the ESSFwc3 continue to age without outside disturbance, the spruce component of the stands will likely decline. Partial harvesting would help to maintain a significant component of spruce in these stands.

Download or read book Sulphur Fertilization of Lodgepole Pine written by Paul Thomas Sanborn and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widespread sulphur (S) deficiencies have been detected in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands in the Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zone of central interior British Columbia. Field experiments in this region have shown that addition of sulphate-S to nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments rapidly increases foliar S concentrations, and usually improves tree growth responses relative to N-only treatments. However, there is an insufficient scientific basis for choosing this S form over more slowly available elemental S-based fertilizers. To address this knowledge gap, this study was begun in 2001 to compare the behaviour of sulphate-S and elemental-S fertilizers in an area-based fertilizer trial, using stable isotope tracer methods to examine the fate and transformations of fertilizer S. Fertilizer treatments were applied to two lodgepole pine stands, near Fraser Lake (Holy Cross site) and in the Bowron River valley (Kenneth Creek site), in fall 2002. This establishment report reviews background literature relevant to this study, details the experimental design and methods used, and documents the initial soil and stand conditions at the time the experimental treatments were installed. ‍?Pre-treatment analyses indicated that mineral soils at these sites have low total S concentrations, which are typical of the British Columbia central interior and are among the lowest reported in the temperate and boreal zones worldwide. Concentrations of other total and (or) available soil macronutrients (N, Ca, Mg, K, P) were usually higher at the Holy Cross site than at the Kenneth Creek site. Lodgepole pine foliar analyses indicated that S deficiency was more pronounced at the former site. Ratios of background S stable isotopes in lodgepole pine foliage and soils differed sufficiently from those of the applied S fertilizers to make a tracer experiment feasible.

Download or read book Relative Impact of Aspen Competition and Soil Factors on the Performance of Lodgepole Pine and Hybrid White Spruce in North central British Columbia written by C. DeLong and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Releasing conifers from the competition effects of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is a key focus of plantation management in sub-boreal and boreal forests, often at considerable cost. However, other factors affect early plantation performance. This study investigates the relative influence of aspen competition and soil factors on the performance of planted lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) and hybrid white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss x engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) in north-central British Columbia. Plots were established across a gradient of natural aspen competition levels that resulted from a test of aspen control treatments at one site. Within these plots, 240 of each of the target conifer species were measured and their immediate soil and vegetative environment quantified. Regression trees and regression analysis were used to examine the importance of aspen competition relative to other factors in determining target conifer size."--Document.

Download or read book Biogeochemistry in Mineral Exploration written by Colin E. Dunn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-30 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant refinements of biogeochemical methods applied to mineral exploration have been made during more than twenty years since the last major publication on this technique. This innovative, practical and comprehensive text is designed as a field handbook and an office reference volume. It outlines the historical development of biogeochemical methods applied to mineral exploration, and provides details of what, how, why and when to collect samples from all major climatic environments with examples from around the world. Recent commercialization of sophisticated analytical technology permits immensely more insight into the multi-element composition of plants. In particular, precise determination of ultra-trace levels of ‘pathfinder’ elements in dry tissues and recognition of element distribution patterns with respect to concealed mineralization. Data handling and interpretation are discussed in context of a wealth of previously unpublished information, including a section on plant mineralogy, much of which has been classified as confidential until recently. Data are provided on the biogeochemistry of more than 60 elements and, by case history examples, their roles discussed in assisting in the discovery of concealed mineral deposits. A look to the future includes the potential role of bacteria to provide new focus for mineral exploration. Analyses of samples from the controlled environment of Britain’s Eden Project are presented on an accompanying CD as part of a database that includes, also, the potential role of the halogens to assist in mineral exploration. Data on this CD provide a ‘hands-on’ approach for the reader to interrogate and personally assess real datasets from the burgeoning discipline of biogeochemical exploration. * Describes the practical aspects of plant selection and collection in different environments around the world, and how to process and analyze them * Discusses more than 60 elements in plants, with data interpretation and case history results that include exploration for Au, PGEs, U, base metals and kimberlites * Contains databases as digital files on an accompanying CD for "hands-on" experimentation with real biogeochemical data

Download or read book Skarns in British Columbia written by Gerald E. Ray and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skarns in British Columbia have historically been important sources of iron, tungsten, copper, and gold. This publication begins with an introduction on skarn terminology and the problems of skarn identification. It then reviews a genetic model of skarn formation and presents descriptive profiles of eight types of skarn deposits; describes the database of at least 735 skarn occurrences in the province, and the number and distribution of skarns in British Columbia according to their associations, class, age, and distribution; and notes the ages of British Columbia skarns and the total production of various metals extracted from British Columbia skarns. Subsequent sections provide information on assays and metal ratios of mineralized skarns, skarn mineralogy, skarn mineral chemistry, chemistry of skarn-related intrusions, and the mapping and evaluation of skarns. The appendix contains a listing of 735 skarn occurrences in British Columbia, giving deposit name, MINFILE number, latitude/longitude, elements and minerals present, and associated rocks and their ages.

Download or read book Synopsis of Geologic and Hydrologic Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Principles of Geochemical Prospecting written by Herbert Edwin Hawkes and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geological Survey Research 1975 written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mineral and Water Resources of Oregon written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Terrain Classification System for British Columbia written by Don Edwin Howes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quaternary Dating Methods written by Mike Walker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory textbook introduces the basics of dating, the range of techniques available and the strengths and limitations of each of the principal methods. Coverage includes: the concept of time in Quaternary Science and related fields the history of dating from lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy the development and application of radiometric methods different methods in dating: radiometric dating, incremental dating, relative dating and age equivalence Presented in a clear and straightforward manner with the minimum of technical detail, this text is a great introduction for both students and practitioners in the Earth, Environmental and Archaeological Sciences. Praise from the reviews: "This book is a must for any Quaternary scientist." SOUTH AFRICAN GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL, September 2006 “...very well organized, clearly and straightforwardly written and provides a good overview on the wide field of Quaternary dating methods...” JOURNAL OF QUATERNARY SCIENCE, January 2007