Download or read book Guide to Plant Spores written by Florence J Martin and published by . This book was released on 2020-08-21 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spore, a reproductive cell capable of developing into a new individual without fusion with another reproductive cell. Spores thus differ from gametes, which are reproductive cells that must fuse in pairs in order to give rise to a new individual. Spores are agents of asexual reproduction, whereas gametes are agents of sexual reproduction. Spores are produced by bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants.Bacterial spores serve largely as a resting, or dormant, stage in the bacterial life cycle, helping to preserve the bacterium through periods of unfavourable conditions. Spore production is particularly common among Bacillus and Clostridium bacteria, several species of which are disease-causing. Many bacterial spores are highly durable and can germinate even after years of dormancy.Bacillus megaterium, an endospore-forming bacterium. The nearly mature spore is visible within the mother cell (magnified about 17,000 times).Among the fungi, spores serve a function analogous to that of seeds in plants. Produced and released by specialized fruiting bodies, such as the edible portion of the familiar mushrooms, fungal spores germinate and grow into new individuals under suitable conditions of moisture, temperature, and food availability.Many larger algae reproduce by spores and are also capable of sexual reproduction. A number of red algae species produce monospores (walled nonflagellate spherical cells) that are carried by water currents and form a new organism upon germination. Some green algae produce nonmotile spores, called aplanospores, whereas others produce motile zoospores, which lack true cell walls and bear one or more flagella. The flagella allow zoospores to swim to a favourable environment in which to develop, whereas monospores and aplanospores must rely on passive transport by water currents.Among plants-all of which have a life cycle characterized by alternating generations of asexually and sexually reproducing individuals-spores are the reproductive agents of the asexual generation. Produced by the sporophyte (i.e., spore-bearing) generation, plant spores give rise to the haploid gametophyte (i.e., gamete-bearing) generation. Spores are most conspicuous in the non-seed-bearing plants, including liverworts, hornworts, mosses, and ferns. In these lower plants, as in fungi, the spores function much like seeds. In general, the parent plant sheds the spores locally; the spore-generating organs are frequently located on the undersides of leaves. The spores of plants that inhabit the edges of bogs or lakes are frequently shed into the water or are carried there by rain and are preserved in the sediments. Wind dispersal is a factor in plants that shed their spores explosively.Among the seed-bearing plants-the gymnosperms and the angiosperms-the haploid spores are far less conspicuous. They are not released from the parent plant, but rather they germinate into microscopic gametophyte individuals that are entirely dependent upon the diploid sporophyte plant. Gymnosperms and angiosperms form two kinds of spores: microspores, which give rise to male gametophytes, and megaspores, which produce female gametophytes.
Download or read book The Fungal Spore and Disease Initiation in Plants and Animals written by G.T. Cole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This treatise is focused on early aspects of fungal pathogenesis in plant and animal hosts. Our aim in choosing the topics and contributors was to demonstrate common approaches to studies of fungal-plant and fungal-animal interactions, particularly at the biochemical and molecular Ievels. For example, the initial events of adh«sion of fungal spores to the exposed surface tissues of the host are essential for subsequent invasion of the plant or animal and establishment of pathogenesis. A point of consensus among investigators who have directed their attention to such events in plants, insects, and vertebrates isthat spore adhesion to the host cuticle or epithelium is more than a simple binding event. lt is a complex and potentially pivotal process in fungal-plant interactions which "may involve the secretion of ftuids that prepare the infection court for the development of morphological stages of the germling" and subsequent invasion of the host (Nicholson and Epstein, Chapter 1). The attachment of the fungal propagule to the arthropod cuticle is also "mediated by the chemical components present on the outer layer of the spore wall and the epicuticle . . . . Initial attachment may be reinforced further by either the active secretion of adhesive materials or the modification of spore wall materiallocated at the [fungal spore arthropod] cuticle interface (Boucias and Pendland, Chapter 5).
Download or read book Spores of the Pteridophyta written by Alice F. Tryon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes a unique, encyclopedic reference work that systematizes and categorizes for the first time in such comprehensive fashion all known fern spores. The dominant feature of the work are the over 350 plates of electron micrographs showing the morphological characteristics of typical representatives of each spore type. The purpose of the book is to provide a complete survey of the available data on the fine structure and composition, development, and evolu- tionary significance of different types of spore walls, which have proven resistant to fossilization throughout geological ages. The classification system developed by the authors as the result of many years of research will be a point of reference, if not "the" systematic basis, for all future publication on the subject. The book will be of great interest to all botanists and evolutionary biologists working with spores and/or ferns, but it will also be of major importance to paleobotanists, palynologists, stratigraphers, and exploration geologists, since the focus of this treatise is on spores as highly adapted and longlived reproductive forms.
Download or read book Microspores Evolution and Ontogeny written by S. Blackmore and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of the processes of plant reproduction is increasingly important in the exploitation of plant resources. Microspore formation is a major event in the life cycles of land plants, allowing the transition from diploid sporophyte generation to the haploid gametophyte generation, and varies greatly between taxa in the diversity of processes involved. Despite the wealth of information available, there are very few sources which bring together the results of research work on the reproduction in all the major plant groups.**Microspores fills this gap by reviewing microsporogenesis from a systematic and evolutionary perspective in groups ranging from algae to angiosperms. Special chapters focus on structure, function, cell and molecular processes, and potential biotechnological applications of plant spores and pollen. The result is an up-to-date guide to the applications of modern techniques in the classic area of botany.**This work bridges several disciplines to provide a coherent and authoritative account which will be essential reading for research scientists and lecturers in botany, evolution, ultrastructure, reproductive and developmental biology, and palynology.
Download or read book Pollen and Spores written by Madeline M. Harley and published by Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. This book was released on 2000 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 30 papers, from internationally recognized palynologists, are brought together in Pollen and Spores: Morphology and Biology, covering topical and current research from a wide range of pollen related disciplines. These include development and ontogeny, pollen variability within populations, theoretical modelling, pollen morphology and ultrastructure, pollen evolution, fossil pollen and Quaternary palynology. Published in association with The Linnaean Society, The Natural History Museum and the Systematics Association.
Download or read book Pollen and Spores written by S N Agashe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palynology finds applications in various fields. Some of them are taxonomy, plant evolution, plant breeding programmes, biotechnology, microbiology of water, soil and air, the pharmaceutical industry, cosmetic industry, energy food industry, forensic science, aerobiology, allergy, epidemiology, meteorology, fossil fuel exploration and biodiversity.
Download or read book The Triumph of the Fungi written by Nicholas P. Money and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-08-31 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with the most devastating fungal diseases in history. These are the plagues of trees and crop plants, caused by invisible spores that have reshaped entire landscapes and decimated human populations. The Triumph of the Fungi focuses on the fascinating biology of the well- and lesser-known diseases, and also tells the stories of the scientists involved in their study, and of the people directly impacted by the loss of forest trees like the chestnut, and cash crops such as coffee and cacao. In a surprisingly brief time, human knowledge of the fungi that infect plants has evolved from Biblical superstition, to the recognition of the true nature of plant disease, and, more recently, to a sense of awe for the sophistication of these microbes. The crucial issue of human culpability in these fungal epidemics is addressed in the books closing chapter.
Download or read book Plant Spores and Other Microfossils from Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian Rocks of Ohio written by Marcia R. Winslow and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratigraphic occurrence, systemic classification, and illustration of plant microfossils.
Download or read book Fossil Plants and Spores written by Tim P. Jones and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 1999 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plants written by John Merle Coulter and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fungi which Cause Plant Disease written by Frank Lincoln Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tuberales of North America written by Helen M. Gilkey and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Fungi written by Sarah C. Watkinson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fungi, Third Edition, offers a comprehensive and thoroughly integrated treatment of the biology of the fungi. This modern synthesis highlights the scientific foundations that continue to inform mycologists today, as well as recent breakthroughs and the formidable challenges in current research. The Fungi combines a wide scope with the depth of inquiry and clarity offered by three leading fungal biologists. The book describes the astonishing diversity of the fungi, their complex life cycles, and intriguing mechanisms of spore release. The distinctive cell biology of the fungi is linked to their development as well as their metabolism and physiology. One of the great advances in mycology in recent decades is the recognition of the vital importance of fungi in the natural environment. Plants are supported by mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi, are attacked by other fungi that cause plant diseases, and are the major decomposers of their dead tissues. Fungi also engage in supportive and harmful interactions with animals, including humans. They are major players in global nutrient cycles. This book is written for undergraduates and graduate students, and will also be useful for professional biologists interested in familiarizing themselves with specific topics in fungal biology. - Describes the diversity of the fungi, their life cycles, and mechanisms of spore release - Highlights the study of fungal genetics and draws upon a wealth of information derived from molecular biological research - Explains the cellular and molecular interactions that underlie the key roles of fungi in plant diversity and productivity - Elucidates the interactions of fungi with other microbes and animals - Highlights fungi in a changing world - Details the expanding uses of fungi in biotechnology
Download or read book Pollen and Spore Morphology Plant Taxonomy written by Gunnar Erdtman and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carpet Monsters and Killer Spores written by Nicholas P. Money and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-04-08 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molds are everywhere: we inhale their microscopic spores from birth to death. But when an investigation in Ohio revealed that babies suffering from a serious lung illness had been exposed to a toxic black mold in their homes, millions of Americans became nervous about patches of mold in their own basements and bathrooms. Before long, lawsuits were filed by the residents of mold-contaminated homes in every state. By failing to address water damage, building contractors, plumbers, and insurance agents were held liable for exposing families to an unprecedented microbiological hazard. The mold crisis soon developed into a fully-fledged media circus. In Carpet Monsters and Killer Spores, Nicholas Money explores the science behind the headlines and courtroom dramas, and profiles the toxin-producing mold that is a common inhabitant of water-damaged buildings. Nicholas Money tells the most important mycological story since potato blight, with his inimitable style of scientific clarity and dark humor.
Download or read book An Atlas of Recent European Moss Spores written by Ádám Boros and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moose, Sporen, Vegetationsgeschichte.
Download or read book Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes written by Tom A. Ranker and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With their team of contemporary scholars, the editors present a thorough coverage of fundamental topics necessary for obtaining an up-to-date understanding of the biology of ferns and lycophytes. The book is organized into major topics that build from the individual and its biochemistry and structure, to genetics and populations, to interactions among individuals and the conservation of species, and concludes with perspectives on evolutionary history and classification. Each chapter is organized to review past work, explore current questions, and suggest productive directions for continued discoveries about these fascinating groups of organisms. Written for upper undergraduates, graduates and academic researchers, Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes fills a major gap in biological, organism-level, evolutionary literature by providing a review of the biology and evolution of this important group of vascular land plants."--NHBS Environment Bookstore.
