Download or read book Spheres of Influence written by Douglas S. Massey and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The black-white divide has long haunted the United States as a driving force behind social inequality. Yet, the civil rights movement, the increase in immigration, and the restructuring of the economy in favor of the rich over the last several decades have begun to alter the contours of inequality. Spheres of Influence, co-authored by noted social scientists Douglas S. Massey and Stefanie Brodmann, presents a rigorous new study of the intersections of racial and class disparities today. Massey and Brodmann argue that despite the persistence of potent racial inequality, class effects are drastically transforming social stratification in America. This data-intensive volume examines the differences in access to material, symbolic, and emotional resources across major racial groups. The authors find that the effects of racial inequality are exacerbated by the class differences within racial groups. For example, when measuring family incomes solely according to race, Massey and Brodmann found that black families' average income measured $28,400, compared to Hispanic families' $35,200. But this gap was amplified significantly when class differences within each group were taken into account. With class factored in, inequality across blacks' and Hispanics' family incomes increased by a factor of almost four, with lower class black families earning an average income of only $9,300 compared to $97,000 for upper class Hispanics. Massey and Brodmann found similar interactions between class and racial effects on the distribution of symbolic resources, such as occupational status, and emotional resources, such as the presence of a biological father—across racial groups. Although there are racial differences in each group's access to these resources, like income, these disparities are even more pronounced once class is factored in. The complex interactions between race and class are apparent in other social spheres, such as health and education. In looking at health disparities across groups, Massey and Brodmann observed no single class effect on the propensity to smoke cigarettes. Among whites, cigarette smoking declined with rising class standing, whereas among Hispanics it increased as class rose. Among Asians and blacks, there was no class difference at all. Similarly, the authors found no single effect of race alone on health: Health differences between whites, Asians, Hispanics, and blacks were small and non-significant in the upper class, but among those in the lower class, intergroup differences were pronounced. As Massey and Brodmann show, in the United States, a growing kaleidoscope of race-class interactions has replaced pure racial and class disadvantages. By advancing an ecological model of human development that considers the dynamics of race and class across multiple social spheres, Spheres of Influence sheds important light on the factors that are currently driving inequality today.

Download or read book Spheres of Influence in International Relations written by Susanna Hast and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current events happening around the world, especially the ’humanitarian interventions’ by NATO and the West within the context of the so-called Arab Spring, make the understanding of the role of spheres of influence in international politics absolutely critical. Hast explores the practical implications and applications of this theory, challenging the concept by using historical examples such as suzerainty and colonialism, as well as the emergence of a hierarchical international order. This study further connects the English School tradition, post-war international order, the Cold War and images of Russia with the concept of the sphere of influence to initiate debate and provide a fresh outlook on a concept which has little recent attention.

Download or read book Spheres of Influence written by Lloyd C. Gardner and published by Ivan R. Dee Publisher. This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The war within the war was the struggle among Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin for the shape of the world that would follow World War II. That delicate diplomacy is traced and analyzed in Lloyd Gardner's brilliant reinterpretation of the negotiations that partitioned Europe and laid the foundations of the cold war. Mr. Gardner begins his story not conventionally in 1941 but with the British attempt to appease Hitler at Munich in 1938. There, he argues, just as after the war at Yalta, the great powers were concerned to avoid a catastrophic war. There were the roots of the territorial agreements that culminated at Yalta - the "spheres of influence" which the Americans sought to avoid as an Old World curse on the possibilities of a freer and more liberal world economy. Using the most recently opened sources, including information from Soviet archives, Mr. Gardner captures the heady atmosphere of these momentous events in deft glimpses of the major personalities and a persuasive analysis of the course of diplomacy. He notes the consistency of Stalin's aims, the opportunism of Churchill for empire, the dilemma of Franklin Roosevelt. For historians, no one's motives have been more puzzling than FDR's. The president yearned to avoid the partition of Europe that his allies wanted, Mr. Gardner concludes, but ultimately he settled for it in the hope of keeping the Big Three together to make a more lasting peace. Playing for time, FDR ran out of it. The result was a divided Europe and the cold war - which the author suggests may have been preferable to an unstable Europe or World War III.

Download or read book Sphere of Influence written by Gideon Haigh and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Does cricket make money in order to exist, or does it exist in order to make money?' In the last three years, cricket has changed more completely than in the preceding three decades, revolutionised by a racy new format, Twenty20, and a glamorous new competition, the Indian Premier League. How did India come to run world cricket? How did clubs owned by billionaires and Bollywood stars begin to shove international competition aside? How did money unite players and divide administrators, amid allegations of massive corruption? Gideon Haigh has followed cricket's biggest story since Kerry Packer's 'World Series' from the beginning: Sphere of Influenceis the result. This insightful collection brings the struggle to save cricket's soul into sharp and disturbing focus.

Download or read book Always Crashing in the Same Car On Art Crisis and Los Angeles California written by Matthew Specktor and published by Tin House Books. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Best Book of the Year at The Atlantic Los Angeles Times Bestseller "[An] absorbing and revealing book. . . . nestling in the fruitful terrain between memoir and criticism." —Geoff Dyer, author of Out of Sheer Rage Blending memoir and cultural criticism, Matthew Specktor explores family legacy, the lives of artists, and a city that embodies both dreams and disillusionment. In 2006, Matthew Specktor moved into a crumbling Los Angeles apartment opposite the one in which F. Scott Fitzgerald spent the last moments of his life. Fitz had been Specktor’s first literary idol, someone whose own passage through Hollywood had, allegedly, broken him. Freshly divorced, professionally flailing, and reeling from his mother’s cancer diagnosis, Specktor was feeling unmoored. But rather than giving in or “cracking up,” he embarked on an obsessive journey to make sense of the mythologies of “success” and “failure” that haunt the artist’s life and the American imagination. Part memoir, part cultural history, part portrait of place, Always Crashing in the Same Car explores Hollywood through a certain kind of collapse. It’s a vibrant and intimate inspection of failure told through the lives of iconic, if under-sung, artists—Carole Eastman, Eleanor Perry, Warren Zevon, Tuesday Weld, and Hal Ashby, among others—and the author’s own family history. Through this constellation of Hollywood figures, he unearths a fascinating alternate history of the city that raised him and explores the ways in which curtailed ambition, insufficiency, and loss shape all our lives. At once deeply personal and broadly erudite, it is a story of an art form (the movies), a city (Los Angeles), and one person’s attempt to create meaning out of both. Above all, Specktor creates a moving search for optimism alongside the inevitability of failure and reveals the still-resonant power of art to help us navigate the beautiful ruins that await us all.

Download or read book The Ideological Origins of Great Power Politics 1789 1989 written by Mark L. Haas and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do leaders perceive threat levels in world politics, and what effects do those perceptions have on policy choices? Mark L. Haas focuses on how ideology shapes perception. He does not delineate the content of particular ideologies, but rather the degree of difference among them. Degree of ideological difference is, he believes, the crucial factor as leaders decide which nations threaten and which bolster their state's security and their own domestic power. These threat perceptions will in turn impel leaders to make particular foreign-policy choices. Haas examines great-power relations in five periods: the 1790s in Europe, the Concert of Europe (1815–1848), the 1930s in Europe, Sino-Soviet relations from 1949 to 1960, and the end of the Cold War. In each case he finds a clear relationship between the degree of ideological differences that divided state leaders and those leaders' perceptions of threat level (and so of appropriate foreign-policy choices). These relationships held in most cases, regardless of the nature of the ideologies in question, the offense-defense balance, and changes in the international distribution of power.

Download or read book Strategic Supremacy written by Richard A. D'Aveni and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2001 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HYPER-COMPETITION, 'the modern-day analogue to The Art of War' (Fortune), gave managers no holds barred strategies to create chaos, seize control of their industries, and rout rivals. Now, Richard D'Aveni shows how managers in large and mid-size global companies can defend themselves from these hyper-competitive attacks, squash revolutionary upstarts, and fashion a favourable world for themselves. Throughout history, great powers have built and reshaped their territory, absorbeed or deflected revolutions (most of which fail anyway), and managed their relations with one overriding aim: strategic supremacy. Here, D'Aveni demonstrates how global corporations can do likewise in a hyper-competitive world. They must reconceptualize traditional portfolios into powerful competitive arsenals he calls 'spheres of interest' (like Disney and Microsoft); douse disruptions using counter-revolutionary tactics (Anheuser-Busch bought the microbrew industry); contain competitors of equal size (like NBC did ABD; and master the art of competitive configuration (like Proctor & Gamble and Johnson & Johnson).

Download or read book An Open World written by Rebecca Lissner and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two foreign policy experts chart a new American grand strategy to meet the greatest geopolitical challenges of the coming decade This ambitious and incisive book presents a new vision for American foreign policy and international order at a time of historic upheaval. The United States’ global leadership crisis is not a passing shock created by the Trump presidency or COVID-19, but the product of forces that will endure for decades. Amidst political polarization, technological transformation, and major global power shifts, Lissner and Rapp-Hooper convincingly argue, only a grand strategy of openness can protect American security and prosperity despite diminished national strength. Disciplined and forward-looking, an openness strategy would counter authoritarian competitors by preventing the emergence of closed spheres of influence, maintaining access to the global commons, supporting democracies without promoting regime change, and preserving economic interdependence. The authors provide a roadmap for the next president, who must rebuild strength at home while preparing for novel forms of international competition. Lucid, trenchant, and practical, An Open World is an essential guide to the future of geopolitics.

Download or read book The Marshall Plan written by Benn Steil and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the history of the Marshall Plan and the efforts to reconstruct western Europe as a bulwark against communist authoritarianism during a two-year period that saw the collapse of postwar U.S.-Soviet relations and the beginning of the Cold War.

Download or read book Spheres of influence written by Sydney Morrell and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Our Sphere of Influence written by Jonathan Pearlman and published by Australian Foreign Affairs. This book was released on 2019-07-15 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The uncomfortable reality is that preserving an exclusive sphere of influence in the South Pacific is not going to be possible against a regional power that is far stronger than any we have ever confronted, or even contemplated.” HUGH WHITE The sixth issue of Australian Foreign Affairs examines Australia’s struggle to retain influence among its Pacific island neighbours as foreign powers play a greater role and as small nations brace for the impacts of climate change. Our Sphere of Influence explores the security challenges facing nations in the southern Pacific and whether Australia will need new approaches to secure its relations and interests. Hugh White argues that Australia will be unable to keep China out of the Pacific and must urgently renew its defences. Jenny Hayward-Jones examines whether Scott Morrison’s Pacific “step-up” can reverse Canberra’s declining diplomatic influence. Katerina Teaiwa explores how Australia’s climate change policy undermines ties with its island neighbours. Sean Dorney reports from inside the forgotten Australian colony of Papua New Guinea. Euan Graham proposes how to address Australia’s knowledge gaps about the Chinese leadership and military. Elizabeth Becker reflects on the unique challenges for female foreign correspondents. PLUS Correspondence on AFA5: Are We Asian Yet? from Clive Hamilton, Barry Li and Linda Jaivin.

Download or read book A Mindsponge Based Investigation into the Psycho Religious Mechanism Behind Suicide Attacks written by Quan-Hoang Vuong and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH. This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines the psycho-religious mechanism behind the violent extremism of suicide attacks in the post-9/11 world. It employs the mindsponge concept, an original dataset, and original research results obtained from the authors' statistical investigations using the Hamiltonian Markov chain Monte Carlo technique. It provides insights and implications for policymakers and strategists in their efforts to engage in peace talks and reduce violent conflicts worldwide.

Download or read book Soi written by Brian Icenhower and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-30 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like all Icenhower training books, SOI : Building A Real Estate Agent's Sphere of Influence training manual is for those real estate agents wanting to move from a mere real estate practice to a systematized real estate business with the control and mastery of your results. You are not an 'average agent', so you need to employ the tried and tested ways of the nation's Top Producers for always having an abundance of prospective buyers and sellers lined up - people who know who you are by name and 'brand', who come to you first to list their property or to show them their next new one. Regardless of your specialty, location or client base, we'll show you how to systematize your approach to SOI : Building A Real Estate Agent's Sphere of Influence and employ the tried and tested way of taking back control - or grabbing it perhaps for the first time - of your ability to generate a predictable number of Closed Transactions month after month. We'll show you step-by-step how to grow your results year after year, and do it with no gaps in productivity or slumps in transaction activity, as you approach your business's SOI Referral Database like a master.

Download or read book New Public Spheres written by Dr Christiane Timmerman and published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. This book was released on 2013-12-28 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public sphere provides a domain of social life in which public opinion is expressed by means of rational discourse and debate. Habermas linked its historical development to the coffee houses and journals in England, Parisian salons and German reading clubs. He described it as a bourgeois public sphere, where private people come together and where they turn from a politically disempowered bourgeoisie into an effective political agent - the public intellectual. With communication networks being diversified and expanded over time, the worldwide web has put pressure on traditional public spheres. These new informal and horizontal networks shaped by the internet create new contexts in which an anonymous and dispersed public may gather in political e-communities to reflect critically on societal issues. These de-centered modes of communication and influence-seeking change the role of the (traditional) public intellectual and - at first sight - seem to make their contributions less influential. What processes, therefore, influence changes within public spheres and how can intellectuals assert authority within them? Should we speak of different types of intellectuals, according to the different modes of public intellectual engagement? This ground-breaking volume gives a multi-disciplinary account of the way in which public intellectuals have constructed their role and position in the public sphere in the past, and how they try to voice public concerns and achieve authority again within those fragmented public spheres today.

Download or read book Bucharest Diary written by Alfred H. Moses and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insider's account of Romania's emergence from communism control In the 1970s American attorney Alfred H. Moses was approached on the streets of Bucharest by young Jews seeking help to emigrate to Israel. This became the author's mission until the communist regime fell in 1989. Before that Moses had met periodically with Romania's communist dictator, Nicolae Ceausescu, to persuade him to allow increased Jewish emigration. This experience deepened Moses's interest in Romania—an interest that culminated in his serving as U.S. ambassador to the country from 1994 to 1997 during the Clinton administration. The ambassador's time of service in Romania came just a few years after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent collapse of communism in Eastern Europe. During this period Romania faced economic paralysis and was still buried in the rubble of communism. Over the next three years Moses helped nurture Romania's nascent democratic institutions, promoted privatization of Romania's economy, and shepherded Romania on the path toward full integration with Western institutions. Through frequent press conferences, speeches, and writings in the Romanian and Western press and in his meetings with Romanian officials at the highest level, he stated in plain language the steps Romania needed to take before it could be accepted in the West as a free and democratic country. Bucharest Diary: An American Ambassador's Journey is filled with firsthand stories, including colorful anecdotes, of the diplomacy, both public and private, that helped Romania recover from four decades of communist rule and, eventually, become a member of both NATO and the European Union. Romania still struggles today with the consequences of its history, but it has reached many of its post-communist goals, which Ambassador Moses championed at a crucial time. This book will be of special interest to readers of history and public affairs—in particular those interested in Jewish life under communist rule in Eastern Europe and how the United States and its Western partners helped rebuild an important country devastated by communism.

Download or read book Global China written by Tarun Chhabra and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global implications of China's rise as a global actor In 2005, a senior official in the George W. Bush administration expressed the hope that China would emerge as a “responsible stakeholder” on the world stage. A dozen years later, the Trump administration dramatically shifted course, instead calling China a “strategic competitor” whose actions routinely threaten U.S. interests. Both assessments reflected an underlying truth: China is no longer just a “rising” power. It has emerged as a truly global actor, both economically and militarily. Every day its actions affect nearly every region and every major issue, from climate change to trade, from conflict in troubled lands to competition over rules that will govern the uses of emerging technologies. To better address the implications of China's new status, both for American policy and for the broader international order, Brookings scholars conducted research over the past two years, culminating in a project: Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World. The project is intended to furnish policy makers and the public with hard facts and deep insights for understanding China's regional and global ambitions. The initiative draws not only on Brookings's deep bench of China and East Asia experts, but also on the tremendous breadth of the institution's security, strategy, regional studies, technological, and economic development experts. Areas of focus include the evolution of China's domestic institutions; great power relations; the emergence of critical technologies; Asian security; China's influence in key regions beyond Asia; and China's impact on global governance and norms. Global China: Assessing China's Growing Role in the World provides the most current, broad-scope, and fact-based assessment of the implications of China's rise for the United States and the rest of the world.

Download or read book China s Influence and American Interests written by Larry Diamond and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While Americans are generally aware of China's ambitions as a global economic and military superpower, few understand just how deeply and assertively that country has already sought to influence American society. As the authors of this volume write, it is time for a wake-up call. In documenting the extent of Beijing's expanding influence operations inside the United States, they aim to raise awareness of China's efforts to penetrate and sway a range of American institutions: state and local governments, academic institutions, think tanks, media, and businesses. And they highlight other aspects of the propagandistic “discourse war” waged by the Chinese government and Communist Party leaders that are less expected and more alarming, such as their view of Chinese Americans as members of a worldwide Chinese diaspora that owes undefined allegiance to the so-called Motherland.Featuring ideas and policy proposals from leading China specialists, China's Influence and American Interests argues that a successful future relationship requires a rebalancing toward greater transparency, reciprocity, and fairness. Throughout, the authors also strongly state the importance of avoiding casting aspersions on Chinese and on Chinese Americans, who constitute a vital portion of American society. But if the United States is to fare well in this increasingly adversarial relationship with China, Americans must have a far better sense of that country's ambitions and methods than they do now.