Download or read book Infrared Spectral Irradiance Measurements in a Space Environment Simulator written by John F. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectral Irradiance Calibrations written by James H. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measurements of Spectral Irradiance Underwater written by John Edwards Tyler and published by Gordon & Breach Publishing Group. This book was released on 1970 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectral Irradiance Measurements in Monterey Bay written by Robert Zafran and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NPS Spectroirradiometer (spectral irradiance meter) incorporates a rotating spectral wedge filter and was developed to measure the spatial distribution of downwelling underwater solar irradiance. Spectral irradiance data in the 402 to 577 nm regime was observed to depths of 130 m under both clear and foggy sky conditions. Diffuse attenuation coefficients, k, for downwelling light at selected wavelength/depth combinations were calculated from the observed spectral irradiances. The downwelling spectral irradiance values obtained ranged from 436 microwatts/sq. cm/nm at 494 nm to .00150 microwatts/sq cm/nm at 577 nm and are numerically comparable to data from other studies of coastal waters. The calculated values for five selected wavelengths, namely 418, 453, 487, 522, and 557 nm, ranged from .097/m at 418 nm to .274/m at 557 nm and are representative values. The results of the measurements indicate that the NPS Spectroirradiometer provides a practical method of determining irradiance distributions.
Download or read book An Introduction To Solar Radiation written by Muhammad Iqbal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Solar Radiation is an introductory text on solar radiation, with emphasis on the methods of calculation for determining the amount of solar radiation incident on a surface on the earth. Topics covered include the astronomical relationship between the sun and the earth; thermal radiation; the solar constant and its spectral distribution; and extraterrestrial solar irradiation. This book is comprised of 12 chapters and begins with an overview of the trigonometric relationships between the sun-earth line and the position of an inclined surface, followed by a discussion on the characteristics of blackbody radiation. The next chapter focuses on the solar constant and its spectral distribution, paying particular attention to extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance and the sun's blackbody temperature. Subsequent chapters explore extraterrestrial and radiation incident on inclined planes; the optics of a cloudless-sky atmosphere; solar spectral radiation and total (broadband) radiation under cloudless skies; and solar radiation arriving at horizontal surfaces on the earth through cloudy skies. The ground albedo and its spectral and angular variation are also described, along with insolation on inclined surfaces. The last chapter is devoted to instruments for measuring solar radiation, including pyrheliometers and pyranometers. This monograph will serve as a useful guide for energy analysts, designers of thermal devices, architects and engineers, agronomists, and hydrologists as well as senior graduate students.
Download or read book Electro Optics Handbook written by G. R. Elion and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1979-10-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains material that has been encountered, used, elaborated, & originated by workers in the field of electro-optics engineering. Includes a chapter on computer design of electro-optic components & systems.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Solar Radiation written by Lucien Wald and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sun radiates a tremendous amount of energy, called solar energy or solar radiation, which is the main natural source of energy on the Earth, by far. Because solar radiation is the almost unique supplier of energy to the Earth, it has a primary influence on life and activities on the Earth. The climate is a first example, but there are many others, such as plant growth or human health, or even the design of buildings, the production of energy, notably electrical and thermal, or even aging materials. This book aims to provide simple answers to anyone who has questions about solar radiation. Its ambition is to help by presenting the fundamental elements of the solar radiation received on the ground. The book includes many examples and numerous illustrations, as well as some simple but fairly precise equations to calculate the various elements covered and to reproduce the figures and graphs. The first of the three parts of this book is devoted to the relative geometry between the direction of the sun and an observer on the ground as well as to the solar radiation emitted by the sun and received at the top of the atmosphere. The orbit of the Earth around the sun and the solar declination are described. The concept of time is introduced which is closely linked to the solar cycle and the rotation of the Earth on itself. Equations are given to calculate the solar radiation received on a horizontal or inclined surface located at the top of the atmosphere. The spectral distribution of the extraterrestrial solar radiation is described. The second part of this book addresses how the solar radiation incident at the top of the atmosphere is attenuated and modified in its downward path to the ground. The reflection of the radiation by the ground is presented. The solar radiation received on the ground by a horizontal or inclined collector plane, such as a natural slope or a rooftop, is discussed, as well as its spectral distribution. The variability of the radiation is addressed in relation to the properties of solar radiation estimated from the measurements. The third part deals with direct or indirect measurements of the solar radiation received on the ground over a given integration time (minute, hour, day, or month), whether for total radiation or radiation in a spectral range such as ultraviolet (UV), or daylight, or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). It also explains how to check the plausibility of the measurements. Fundamentals of Solar Radiation will be a valuable resource to all professionals, engineers, researchers, students, and other practitioners that seek an understanding of solar radiation.
Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports NIST research and development in the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active. These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization.
Download or read book NASA Technical Note written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Infrared Stellar Irradiance written by Russell G. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Spectral Irradiance written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Concentrator Photovoltaic Technology written by Carlos Algora and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrator Photovoltaics (CPV) is one of the most promising technologies to produce solar electricity at competitive prices. High performing CPV systems with efficiencies well over 30% and multi-megawatt CPV plants are now a reality. As a result of these achievements, the global CPV market is expected to grow dramatically over the next few years reaching cumulative installed capacity of 12.5 GW by 2020. In this context, both new and consolidated players are moving fast to gain a strategic advantage in this emerging market. Written with clear, brief and self-contained technical explanations, Handbook of Concentrator Photovoltaic Technology provides a complete overview of CPV covering: the fundamentals of solar radiation, solar cells, concentrator optics, modules and trackers; all aspects of characterization and reliability; case studies based on the description of actual systems and plants in the field; environmental impact, market potential and cost analysis. CPV technology is at a key point of expansion. This timely handbook aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of all CPV scientific, technological and engineering background with a view to equipping engineers and industry professionals with all of the vital information they need to help them sustain the impetus of this encouraging technology. Key features: Uniquely combines an explanation of the fundamentals of CPV systems and components with an overview of the market place and their real-life applications. Each chapter is written by well-known industry specialists with extensive expertise in each particular field of CPV technology. Reviews the basic concepts of multi-junction solar cells and new concepts for CPV cells, highlighting the key differences between them. Demonstrates the state of the art of several CPV centres and companies. Facilitates future cost calculation models for CPV. Features extensive case studies in each chapter, including coverage of CPV modules and systems.
Download or read book UV A written by John Parrish and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin of this text was a request by industry and government to summarize the biological effects and to estimate the limits of safe exposure to longwave ul traviolet radiation. The specific issue was the safety of a small medium-pressure mercury arc designed to emit UV-A (NUVA-Lite, L. D. Caulk Co. , Milford, Delaware) for photopolymerization of resinous fillings used in dentistry. How- ever, the context grew to become a consideration of the risks and benefits to hu mans of electromagnetic radiation between the biologically active short UV and the visible spectrum. We have accumulated data from our own experimental work and from the literature and have attempted to put this information in the perspective of known biologic effects of ultraviolet radiation as it influences hu mans. Interest in the biological effects of longwave ultraviolet radiation is increas ing in all of the many scientific disciplines that make up the complex field of photobiology. In order to minimize the chance for error and personal prejudice and to maximize the use of expertise, each chapter has been reviewed by several authorities. Some of the contributions of this group led to significant alterations and creative additions to the chapter, and these persons deserve not only our sin cere gratitude but also recognition by the reader. These include Chapters 2 and 3: Dr. Robert E. Levin, Mr. Charles P. Comeau, Mr. Donald Gonser, Dr. David Sliney; Chapter 5: Dr. Jerry Williams, Dr. Robert Webb, Dr. Madhu A.
Download or read book An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing written by Seelye Martin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-26 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A graduate-level 2004 textbook describing the use of satellites to study oceanic physical and biological properties.
Download or read book Solar Ultraviolet Radiation written by Christos S. Zerefos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-04-17 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the rapid developments in the UV-B measurement techniques and the rapidly growing research in the field in the late 80's and early 90's, we organized a large gathering of distinguished experts in a NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Halkidiki, Greece on October, 2-11. 1995. The Institute was organized so as to include state of the art lectures on most aspects of solar ultraviolet radiation and its effects. This was achieved by extended lectures and discussions given in five sessions by 27 lecturers and a demonstration of filed measurements and calibration techniques at the end of the Institute. The ASI began with the sun and fundamentals on solar radiative emissions and their variability in time and continued with the interaction of solar Ultraviolet with the atmosphere through the complex scattering processes and photochemical reactions involved. Particular emphasis was given to changes in atmospheric composition imposed by different manifestations of the solar activity cycle. as well as on the modelling of radiative transfer through the atmosphere and the ocean under variable environmental conditions. Overviews on the ozone issue. its monitoring and variability were extensively discussed with emphasis on the observed acceleration of ozone decline in the early 90's. This acceleration had as a consequence, significant increases in UV-B radiation observed at a few world-wide distributed stations.
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics written by Augustin McEvoy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 1269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook opens with an overview of solar radiation and how its energy can be tapped using photovoltaic cells. Other chapters cover the technology, manufacture and application of PV cells in real situations. The book ends by exploring the economic and business aspects of PV systems.
Download or read book Solar Radiation written by Mohammadreza Aghaei and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-10-26 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes up-to-date and detailed information on fundamental principles, measurement, modeling, and forecasting of solar radiation for technologies and applications of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy. The book also presents basic, modern, and contemporary knowledge and techniques of reliability and performance assessment for PV systems. It includes eleven chapters in four sections: “Introduction”, “Fundamentals, Measurements and Modeling of Solar Radiation”, “Forecasting and Characterization of Solar Radiation”, and “Solar Photovoltaic Technologies and Applications”. Chapters address such topics as fundamental principles, accurate measurements, and modeling of solar radiation; innovative methods for forecasting and characterization of solar radiation; PV technology and application, from conventional and emerging PV technologies to bifacial PV cells and modules and concentrator PV systems; and recent advances in reliability and performance assessment for PV systems, including outdoor characterization, degradation analysis, and PV power prediction.
