Download or read book Spectral Characteristics of the Marine Surface Layer written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of the processes affecting the near-surface' flow in marine surface layer. The first objective is to improve our understanding of flux profile relationships over the ocean using our mean and flux measurements and the TKE budget equation. This has involved an investigation of the applicability of similarity theory to over-ocean% measurement in order to determine these functions and their proportionality factors. The result of this investigation have shown that the turbulence statistics are similar to those computed over land as long as one is well above the wave boundary layer (WBL). The second objective is to gain a better understanding of the role that stress/wave interaction plays in these processes. The measurement of these profiles in both shallow water and open-ocean settings is allowing us to develop dimensionless functions that are valid anywhere in the constant flux layer. The results of this research that the behavior of the turbulence in the WBL is strongly affected by the wave induced flow. The height of the WBL can be a substantial portion of the surface layer depending on the wave state.
Download or read book Spectral Characteristics and Statistics of Surface Layer Turbulence Over the Tropical Ocean written by Eric Duane Leavitt and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Surface Films written by Martin Gade and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1960s, various groups have investigated the influence of marine surface films on mechanisms dominating energy and mass transfer across the ocean/atmosphere interface. However, a compendium summarizing the state-of-the-art research in this field is still missing. The book fills this gap and transfers the accumulated knowledge to the scientific community. After a brief historical chapter basic chemical insights are presented, followed by theoretical and experimental approaches carried out in laboratory facilities. Air-sea interaction experiments are then described and finally, remote sensing applications with sea slicks and crude oil spills are presented.
Download or read book Air Sea Exchange Physics Chemistry and Dynamics written by G.L. Geernaert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1980's a wealth of information was reported from field and laboratory experiments in order to validate andlor modify various aspects of the surface layer Monin-Obukhov (M-O) similarity theory for use over the sea, and to introduce and test new concepts related to high resolution flux magnitudes and variabilities. For example, data from various field experiments conducted on the North Sea, Lake Ontario, and the Atlantic experiments, among others, yielded information on the dependence of the flux coefficients on wave state. In all field projects, the usual criteria for satisfying M-O similarity were applied. The assumptions of stationarity and homogeneity was assumed to be relevant over both small and large scales. In addition, the properties of the outer layer were assumed to be "correlated" with properties of the surface layer. These assumptions generally required that data were averaged for spatial footprints representing scales greater than 25 km (or typically 30 minutes or longer for typical windspeeds). While more and more data became available over the years, and the technology applied was more reliable, robust, and durable, the flux coefficients and other turbulent parameters still exhibited significant unexplained scatter. Since the scatter did not show sufficient reduction over the years to meet customer needs, in spite of improved technology and heavy financial investments, one could only conclude that perhaps the use of similarity theory contained too many simplifications when applied to environments which were more complicated than previously thought.
Download or read book CRREL Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Boundary Layer Dynamics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-24 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectral Measurements in a Disturbed Boundary Layer Over Snow written by Edgar L. Andreas and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author measured time series of longitudinal (u) and vertical (w) velocity and temperature (t) and humidity (q) fluctuations with fast-responding sensors in the near-neutrally stable surface layer over a snow-covered field. These series yielded individual spectra and u-w, w-t, w-q and t-q cospectra, phase spectra and coherence spectra for nondimensional frequencies (fz/U) from roughly 0.001 to 10. With the exception of the u-w cospectra, all the spectra and cospectra displayed the expected dependence on frequency in an inertial or inertial-convective subrange. All, however, contained significantly more energy at low frequency than the Kansas neutral-stability spectra and cospectra. This excess low-frequency energy and the erratic behavior of the u-w cospectra imply that forested hills bordering the site on two sides were producing disturbances in the flow field at scales roughly equal to the height of the hills, 100 m. The phase and coherence spectra suggest that internal gravity waves were also frequently present, since the atmospheric boundary layer generally had slightly stable stratification. Consequently, at this complex site, turbulence alone determines the spectra and cospectra at high frequency; at low frequency the spectra and cospectra reflect a combination of topographically generated turbulence and internal waves. From the measured temperature and humidity spectra and the t-q cospectra, the author computed refractive index spectra for light of 0.55-micrometer and millimeter wavelengths. The refractive index spectra had shapes like the other scalar spectra: excess energy at low frequency and an inertial-convective subrange at high frequency.
Download or read book Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows written by J. C. Kaimal and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1994-01-06 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boundary layer meteorology is the study of the physical processes that take place in the layer of air that is most influenced by the earth's underlying surface. This text/reference gives an uncomplicated view of the structure of the boundary layer, the instruments available for measuring its mean and turbulent properties, how best to make the measurements, and ways to process and analyze the data. The main applications of the book are in atmospheric modelling, wind engineering, air pollution, and agricultural meteorology. The authors have pioneered research on atmospheric turbulence and flow, and are noted for their contributions to the study of the boundary layer. This important work will interest atmospheric scientists, meteorologists, and students and faculty in these fields.
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Sea Interaction written by F. Dobson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, man's centuries-old interest in marine me teorology and oceanography has broadened. Ocean and atmosphere are now treated as coupled parts of one system; the resulting interest in air-sea interaction problems has led to a rapid growth in the sophistication of instruments and measurement techniques. This book has been designed as a reference text which describes, albng with the instruments themselves, the accumulated practical experi ence of experts engaged in field observations of air-sea interac tions. It is meant to supplement rather than replace manuals on standard routine observations or instnunentation handbooks. At the inception a textbook was planned, which would contain only well tested methods and instruments. It was quickly discovered that for the book to be useful many devices and techniques would have to be included which are still evolving rapidly. The reader is therefore cautioned to take nothing in these pages for granted. Certainly, every contributor is an expert, but while some are back ed up by generations of published work, others are pioneers. The choice of topics, of course, is debatable. The types of observa tions included are not exhaustive and topics such as marine aero sols and radio-tracers are omitted, as was the general subject of remote sensing, which was felt to be too broad and evol ving too rapidly. The guideline adopted in limiting size was maximum use fulness to 'a trained experimentalist new to the field'.
Download or read book Spectral Characteristics of Bistatic Surface Scatter written by Robert L. Swarts and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The results of an experimental program designed to measure the spectral characteristics of underwater bistatic surface scatter as a function of sea state and geometry are presented. The sea states examined were all small but because of the short acoustic wavelength the square of the Rayleigh parameter ranged from 4.45 to 108.1 with all but one of the measurements in the 'very rough' regime. Both specular and off-specular data were collected. A plane wave theoretical model was used heuristically to indicate the trends to be expected in the data. It was found that, in general, the plane wave model did not adequately predict the results although in certain special circumstances its results were accurate. Areas requiring additional effort are discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Geodetic Refraction written by F.K. Brunner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With very few exceptions, geodetic measurements use electro magnetic radiation in order to measure directions, distances, time delays, and Doppler frequency shifts, to name the main ter restrial and space observables. Depending on the wavelength of the radiation and the purpose of the measurements, the follow ing parameters of the electromagnetic wave are measured: ampli tude, phase, angle-of-arrival, polarisation and frequency. Ac curate corrections have to be applied to the measurements in order to take into account the effects of the intervening medium between transmitter and receiver. The known solutions use at mospheric models, special observation programs, remote sensing techniques and instrumental methods. It has been shown that the effects of the earth's atmospheric envelope present a fundamental limitation to the accuracy and precision of geodetic measurements. This applies equally to ter restrial and space applications. Instrumental accuracies are al ready below the atmospherically induced limitations, and thus the accuracy demands on the geodetic refraction solutions are entering a new magnitude zone. This monograph is primarily devoted to the properties of the at mospheric effects on various geodetic measurements and to their evaluation. Ten review papers cover the most pressing aspects of the atmospheric effects on geodetic measurement~. Ttiese state of-the art papers were written by eminent specialists in their respective research fields.
Download or read book Book catalog of the Library and Information Services Division written by Environmental Science Information Center. Library and Information Services Division and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oceanography and Surface Layer Meteorology in the B C Scale written by Gerold Siedler and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Waves written by Farzad Ebrahimi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface waves have drawn a significant attention and interest in the recent years in a broad range of commercial applications, while their commercial developments have been supported by fundamental and applied research studies. This book is a result of contributions of experts from international scientific community working in different aspects of surface waves and reports on the state-of-the-art research and development findings on this topic through original and innovative research studies. It contains up-to-date publications of leading experts, and the edition is intended to furnish valuable recent information to the professionals involved in surface wave analysis and applications. The text is addressed not only to researchers but also to professional engineers, students, and other experts in various disciplines, both academic and industrial, seeking to gain a better understanding of what has been done in the field recently and what kind of open problems are in this area.
Download or read book Summary Reports Marine Boundary Layer Accelerated Research Initiative Experiment Review written by Robert Pinkel and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
