Download or read book Spatiotemporal Variations in Urban Air Quality of Lahore Pakistan written by Muhammad Shafiq and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2016-05 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study reports the air pollution vulnerability mapping of Lahore city and provides information about the vulnerability levels of air pollutants at various places of Lahore. The air quality monitoring activities have been carried out at five places of Lahore and each location is monitored for six air pollutants which are carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and chlorine by a reagent absorption method. The sources and concentrations have been discussed. The data obtained from sampling at various commercial and residential sites is compared against the past year data and the comparison graphs are plotted to show the trend of these air pollutant. The spatial patterns of monthly mean precipitation and monthly mean temperature have been studied. A public survey has been conducted that shows the public awareness in regard to basic information regarding air pollution. In the end some conclusions and recommendations are given for the purpose to maintain a healthy environment for our citizens, support the strategies, to maintain energy independence and promote an effective role in formulating the environmental policies.
Download or read book Cleaning Pakistan s Air written by Ernesto Sánchez-Triana and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The harm to Pakistanis’ health, economy, and environment from urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistan’s air quality management challenges and presents concrete steps to achieve improvements.
Download or read book Cleaning Pakistan s Air written by Ernesto Sánchez Triana and published by . This book was released on 2014-07-19 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extent of urban air pollution in PakistanSouth Asia's most urbanized countryis among the worlds most severe, significantly damaging human health, quality of life, and the economy and environment of Pakistan. The harm from Pakistan's urban air pollution is among the highest in South Asia, exceeding several high-profile causes of mortality and morbidity in Pakistan. Improved air quality management (AQM) in Pakistan can have notable economic and health benefits. For example, the estimated health benefits per dollar spent on cleaner diesel are approximately US $11.5 for light-duty diesel vehicles and US $1.52.4 for large buses and trucks. This report advocates that Pakistan allocate resources to AQM, because its air quality is severely affecting millions of Pakistanis, and because experiences around the world indicate that interventions can significantly improve air quality. This report details a broad spectrum of research on Pakistans AQM challenges, and identifies a comprehensive set of steps to improve air quality. The research presented here underpins the conclusions that addressing Pakistan's urban air pollution requires coordinated interventions to strengthen AQM, build agencies' institutional capacity, bolster AQM's legal and regulatory framework, implement policy reforms and investments, and fill knowledge gaps. However, Pakistan's policy makers face major obstacles, including limited financial, human, and technical resources, and can pursue only a few AQM interventions at the same time. In the short term, Pakistan's AQM should give highest priority to reducing pollutants linked to high morbidity and mortality: PM2.5 (and precursors like SOx and NOx) from mobile sources. A second-level short-term priority could be PM2.5, SOx, and emissions of toxic metals from stationary sources. An important medium-term priority should be mass transportation in major cities, controlling traffic, and restricting private cars during high-pollution episodes. A long-term priority could be taxing hydrocarbons, based on their contribution to greenhouse gases.
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Analysis of Air Pollution and Its Application in Public Health written by Lixin Li and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-13 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Air Pollution and Its Application in Public Health reviews, in detail, the tools needed to understand the spatial temporal distribution and trends of air pollution in the atmosphere, including how this information can be tied into the diverse amount of public health data available using accurate GIS techniques. By utilizing GIS to monitor, analyze and visualize air pollution problems, it has proven to not only be the most powerful, accurate and flexible way to understand the atmosphere, but also a great way to understand the impact air pollution has in diverse populations. This book is essential reading for novices and experts in atmospheric science, geography and any allied fields investigating air pollution. - Introduces readers to the benefits and uses of geo-spatiotemporal analyses of big data to reveal new and greater understanding of the intersection of air pollution and health - Ties in machine learning to improve speed and efficacy of data models - Includes developing visualizations, historical data, and real-time air pollution in large geographic areas
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Variations of Key Air Pollutants and Greenhouse Gases in the Himalayan Foothills written by Khadak Singh Mahata and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Asia is a rapidly developing, densely populated and highly polluted region that is facing the impacts of increasing air pollution and climate change, and yet it remains one of the least studied regions of the world scientifically. In recognition of this situation, this thesis focuses on studying (i) the spatial and temporal variation of key greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) and air pollutants (CO and O3) and (ii) the vertical distribution of air pollutants (PM, BC) in the foothills of the Himalaya. Five sites were selected in the Kathmandu Valley, the capital region of Nepal, along with two sites outside of the valley in the Makawanpur and Kaski districts, and conducted measurements during the period of 2013-2014 and 2016. These measurements are analyzed in this thesis. The CO measurements at multiple sites in the Kathmandu Valley showed a clear diurnal cycle: morning and evening levels were high, with an afternoon dip. There are slight differences in the diurnal cycles of CO2 and CH4, with the CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios ...
Download or read book Using Geographical Information Systems GIS to Study the Concentration of Major Air Pollutants in Lahore City of Pakistan written by Shafiq Muhammad and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2015-05 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lahore city is very highly polluted. The major causes of which are alarmingly increasing number of motor vehicles and a large number of industries. The research highlights the spatio-temporal patterns of sample pollutants including Sulfur dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, Carbon monoxide Ozone, and Particulate matter. The concentrations of these pollutants have been monitored at ten sample sites in the city. The effects of increasing air pollution on population of study area have been studied using questionnaire techniques. The results indicate that the levels of all these pollutants were very high and people in study area were suffering from various diseases such as eye irritation, headache and bronchial disorders.
Download or read book Spatial Patterns of Noise Pollution and Its Effects in Lahore City written by Isma Younes and published by Anchor Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lahore is one of the cities most effected by uncontrolled noise pollution in Pakistan. The most important factor of noise pollution is the road traffic. The main objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate road traffic noise and to measure its effects on the population of Lahore city. A weighting sound level meter was used in the study. All the measurements were taken at a height of about 1.2 m from the ground at 56 sample sites. The spatial noise pattern was shown in maps. These were also drawn to show buffers dividing areas into moderate, high and extremely high risk zones in accordance with noise risk levels. The maps were additionally divided in day and night time maps, each with graduated symbols. The main day-night values were exceeding the permissible environmental standards used in Pakistan. Therefore, a survey was conducted to study the diseases caused by noise pollution in the areas with highest noise levels.
Download or read book Vegetation Fires and Pollution in Asia written by Krishna Prasad Vadrevu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-30 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vegetation fires are prevalent in several regions of the world, including South/ Southeast Asia (S/SEA). Fire occurrence and spread are influenced by fuel type, topography, climate, weather, and lightning, among others. In S/SEA, human-initiated fires are responsible for most of the incidents in addition to natural factors. Through biomass burning, vegetation fires can emit large quantities of greenhouse gases and air pollutants such as CO2, CO, NOx, CH4, non-methane hydrocarbons, and other chemical species, including aerosols that can affect air quality and health at both local and regional scales. Moreover, biomass burning pollutants can travel long distances and impact regional climate. Therefore, quantifying vegetation fires and their impacts is critical at different spatial scales. This book includes contributions from renowned researchers from the USA and South/ Southeast Asia on various fire-related topics. The contributions resulted from several international meetings and workshops organized in Asia as part of the South/ Southeast Asia Research Initiative (SARI) under the NASA Land-Cover/Land-Use Change Program. The book is divided into three sections, each containing multiple contributions: a) Mapping, Monitoring, and Modeling of Vegetation Fires, b) Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Air Pollution, and c) Air Pollution Modeling and Decision Support Systems. These sections are preceded by an introductory chapter by the editors that highlights the latest satellite-derived fire statistics and the current fire situation in S/SEA. This book will be a valuable resource for remote sensing scientists, geographers, ecologists, atmospheric, climate, environmental scientists, including policymakers, and all who wish to advance their knowledge on vegetation fires and emissions in South/Southeast Asia.
Download or read book Urban Air Quality Monitoring Using Ground based Hyperspectral Imaging of Vegetation written by Farid Qamar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban ambient air pollution is not uniformly distributed due to multiple factors that include the range of built and natural surfaces, the diversity and distribution of built structures, the complex interactions between pollutants, and the presence of numerous pollution sources. With the majority (55%) of the global population currently residing in urban areas, and on track to reach 68% by 2050, there is a need to characterize urban air quality at high spatio-temporal granularity accurately. This can assist in identifying the true impact of air pollution at the community level, locating the sources of pollution, and informing decisions about improving air quality in areas in which it is needed the most. Traditional air quality monitoring networks are generally too sparse and thus incapable of capturing the true distribution of ambient air pollutants in urban environments. Therefore, this dissertation presents a new method for the hyperlocal monitoring of ambient air quality that exploits the abundant presence of urban vegetation, the impact of air quality on their health, and the ability to identify changes in their health using remote, ground-based, hyperspectral imaging.
Download or read book Climate Change Resilience of the Built Environment written by Sami G Al-Ghamdi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With their high population densities and high demands on environmental resources, cities are the most challenging segment of built infrastructure that need to constantly evolve and adapt to changing conditions. The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed many weaknesses in current city planning and services, which authorities are now beginning to address, with the aim of creating cityscapes that can effectively deal with the mounting climate, environmental and health threats that mankind will be facing in the 21st century. Using analytical as well as predictive tools, city planners are able to reliably pinpoint weaknesses and develop and test improvements to urban infrastructure."--
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution and Spatial Distribution of Temperature written by S. Djurfors and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote sensing for space time mapping of smog in Punjab and identification of the underlying causes using geographic information system R SMOG written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-03-01 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Pakistan initiated the Technical Cooperation Programme on Remote Sensing for Spatio-Temporal mapping of Smog (R-SMOG) upon the request of the Government of Punjab. The R-SMOG evaluates the relationship between Smog and the rice residue burning practices by farmers in the Rice belt of Punjab. It is a comprehensive geospatial research which integrates Spatio-temporal mapping of smog viz-a-viz climatological modelling, study of seasonal trends and dynamics and estimates an inventory of sectoral emissions. The findings of the R-SMOG will assist to generate scientific evidences to study the causes of Smog in Punjab and to adopt adequate mitigation and adaptation strategies.
Download or read book Spatio Temporal Modeling and Forecasting of Air Quality Data written by Tsz-Leung Yan and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Spatio-temporal Modeling and Forecasting of Air Quality Data" by Tsz-leung, Yan, 甄子良, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Respirable Suspended Particulate (RSP) time series data sampled in an air quality monitoring network are found strongly correlated and they are varying in highly similar patterns. This study provides a methodology for spatio-temporal modeling and forecasting of multiple RSP time series, in which the dynamic spatial correlations amongst the series can be effectively utilized. The efficacy of the Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Harmonic Regression (STDHR) model is demonstrated. Based on the decomposition of the observed time series into the trend and periodic components, the model is capable of making forecast of RSP data series that exhibit variation patterns during air pollution episodes and typhoons with dynamic weather conditions. It is also capable to produce spatial predictions of RSP time series up to three unobserved sites. The Noise-variance-ratio (NVR) form of the multivariate recursive algorithm ((M2) algorithm) that derived by the author can greatly facilitate its practical application in both multivariate and univariate time series analysis. The (M2) algorithm allows the spatial correlations to be specified at parametric levels. The state-space (SS) model formulation can flexibly accommodate the existing inter or intra (auto) correlations amongst the parameters of the data series. Applications of the variance intervention (VI) are exploited and illustrated with a real life case study which involves forecasting of RSP data series during an air pollution episode. This illustrates that time series with abrupt changes can be predicted by automatic implementation of the VI approach. The present study also extended the anisotropic Matern model to estimate the dynamic spatial correlation structure of the air quality data by using mean wind speed and prevailing wind direction in defining the spatial anisotropy. The Anisotropic Matern model by Mean Wind Speed and Prevailing Wind Direction (AMMP) model that devised by the author can avoid huge computational burden in estimating variogram at every variation of the underlying spatial structure. Finally, the findings of this dissertation have laid the foundation for further research on multiple time series analysis and estimation of dynamic spatial structure. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5194796 Subjects: Air - Pollution - Mathematical models
Download or read book Selected Articles on Urban Meteorology and Air Pollution Processes from the 5th International Conference on Urban Air Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution written by Bhola R. Gurjar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution is recognized as one of the leading contributors to the global environmental burden of disease, even in countries with relatively low concentrations of air pollution. Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts examines the effect of this complex problem on human health and the environment in different settings around the world. I
Download or read book Numerical solution of temporal und spatial distributions of urban air pollution concetration written by Heinz G. Fortak and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fog Smog and Poisoned Rain written by Michael Allaby and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses air pollution and its impact on the planet.
