Download or read book Spatio temporal Distribution of Phytoplankton Pigments in Northumberland Strait written by César Fuentes-Yaco and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton and primary production in the western Bransfield Strait region written by O. HOLM-HANSEN and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatio temporal Biomass Distribution of Surf Zone Phytoplankton written by Diana Sophia Sloff and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimating Phytoplankton Pigments in the Changing Arctic Ocean written by Yangyang Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-induced climate change is amplified in the Arctic. At the root of these amplifications are changes in air temperature and sea ice. The sea-ice cover is dramatically receding in the Arctic Ocean. In the study region of the thesis, the Fram Strait (the largest and only deep gateway to the Arctic Ocean) and its vicinity, changes have been observed in sea-ice conditions and water temperatures due to Arctic warming. This has consequences for phytoplankton. Phytoplankton are one of the main primary producers in the Arctic Ocean. Arctic warming induced alterations in light and nutrient regimes impact phytoplankton seasonality, biomass, community composition and distribution. Phytoplankton biomass and community composition are often indicated by their pigment composition and concentrations. To study the response of phytoplankton to the changing climate, this thesis aims to estimate phytoplankton pigments using observations from the shipboard underway flow-through AC-S spectrophotometer system and the Regulated Ecosystem model version 2 (REcoM2) (Hohn, 2008; Schartau et al., 2007) implemented with phytoplankton growth and photoinhibition models. In the first part of the thesis, an underway flow-through AC-S system was set up onboard R.V. Polarstern during two Fram Strait cruises, PS93.2 and PS99.2. Hyperspectral particulate absorption coefficient was derived from the underway AC-S measurements. Particulate absorption line height at 676 nm calculated from particulate absorption coefficient was empirically related to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations for PS93.2 and PS99.2, respectively. Both relationships were applied to high frequency (4 Hz) AC-S data to estimate Chl a concentrations along the cruise tracks. In total, 24424 and 16110 Chl a data points were generated for PS93.2 and PS99.2, respectively. The reconstructed AC-S Chl a data sets were used to evaluate seven satellite Chl a algorithms. The number of AC-S-satellite match-ups is over one order of magnitude greater than HPLC-satellite match-ups. AC-S-satellite match-ups show that all algorithms were characterized by an overestimation of satellite Chl a. Two algorithms based on Polymer atmospheric correction processors (Steinmetz et al., 2011) generated data products with relatively high estimation precision and small error. The Polymer atmospheric correction processors account for sun glint and thin clouds in their reflectance models to derive atmospheric corrected remote sensing reflectance, allowing a much larger spatial coverage of data than using standard atmospheric correction processors. In the Arctic Ocean where operational satellite ocean color data have relatively low space-time resolution, Polymer algorithms are promising candidates in enlarging satellite ocean color data sets, e.g., for Sentinel-3/OLCI satellite sensor, given more validation activities are performed in the future. In the second part of the thesis, the underway flow-through AC-S system was set up onboard R.V. Polarstern during the Fram Strait cruise PS107, in addition to PS93.2 and PS99.2. AC-S derived hyperspectral particulate absorption coefficient were matched with HPLC pigments data. In total, 298 match-ups were used as the pigment retrieval data set. Two pigment retrieval algorithms, Gaussian decomposition (Chase et al., 2013) and the singular value decomposition combined with non-negative least squares (SVD-NNLS) inversion method (Moisan et al., 2011) were compared and optimized for estimating various phytoplankton pigments or pigment groups from the particulate absorption coefficient data. The Gaussian decomposition method provides good estimates (median absolute percentage error, MPE 21-34%) of Chl a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c1 and c2, photosynthetic carotenoids and photoprotective carotenoids (PPC). This method outperformed the SVD-NNLS method in retrieving chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c1 and c2, photosynthetic carotenoids, and PPC. However, SVD-NNLS enables robust retrievals of specific carotenoids (MPE 37-65%), i.e., fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and 19-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which is currently not accomplished by Gaussian decomposition. More robust predictions are obtained using the Gaussian decomposition method when the observed spectral phytoplankton absorption coefficient is normalized by the package effect index at 675 nm. The latter is determined as a function of ”packaged” phytoplankton absorption coefficient at 675 nm and Chl a concentrations, which shows potential for improving pigment retrieval accuracy by the combined use of phytoplankton absorption coefficient and Chl a data. Both approaches provide useful information on pigment distribution, and hence phytoplankton community composition indicators, at a spatial resolution much finer than can be achieved with discrete HPLC samples. Xanthophyll pigments provide one of the most important photoprotective mechanisms to dissipate the excess light energy and prevent photoinhibition. In the third part of the thesis, phytoplankton growth models of Geider et al. (1998), the Geider model, and Marshall et al. (2000), the Marshall model, were implemented into REcoM2 to predict the photoprotective needs of phytoplankton and their attributions from phytoplankton PPC, physiological state, and community composition. Assume that photoinhibition is negligible in phytoplankton communities acclimated to ambient light (Cullen et al., 1992). The difference between the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-E) curves with (Marshall) and without photoinhibition (Geider) is considered a measure of photoprotective needs in order to minimize such photoinhibition. The degree of phytoplankton photoprotection is represented by the difference of the initial slopes of the P-E curves between the Marshall and Geider models. It was then related to the HPLC PPC/Chl a data, producing a 4-D global map of PPC/Chl a estimates. These estimates were in agreement with field observations in most of the surface ocean, at depth and even across seasons, suggesting the role of PPC in photoprotective activities in the global ocean. However, at higher latitudes, discrepancies between predictions and observations suggested PPC content was insufficient to satisfy phytoplankton protective needs the community and thus other mechanisms of nonphotochemical quenching were relevant. Furthermore, at higher latitudes, changes in PPC content can result from both physiological acclimation and shifts in community composition while in the rest of ocean taxonomic changes played a main role. A comprehensive view of the phytoplankton community pigment signature is crucial for modeling the coupling of light absorption to carbon fixation in the ocean. Future validation of the above model can use the combined HPLC observations and pigment estimates from underway flow-through AC-S system. Furthermore, this work provides insights on how much of the variability in community PPC ratios is attributable to changes in community composition or changes in physiological state. This may allow an improvement of the match between satellite ocean color data and the underlying phytoplankton community. In addition, these insights may contribute to a better understanding of the effect of phytoplankton photoacclimation on the accuracy of satellite ocean color products in the Arctic Ocean.
Download or read book Phytoplankton pigment in the Gulf of St Lawrence Canada as determined by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner Part I written by C. FUENTES-YACO and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine and Coastal Systems of the Quoddy Region New Brunswick written by Martin Lewis Hall Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes the main marine and coastal biological systems of Passamaquoddy Bay and adjacent waters and the oceanographic and meteorological characteristics of the area. Subject areas begin with meteorolgy and oceanography. The second group covers the intertidal systems with chapters on rocky intertidal shores, rock pools, coarse sedimentary shores and salt marshes. The third general section covers hard and sedimentary sublittoral habitats. Following chapters discuss pelagic systems under the headings fishes, phytoplankton, larger zooplankton, and microzooplankton. Three chapters deal with the birds, amphibians and reptiles, and marine mammals. Finally coastal vegetation is described.
Download or read book Ecology of Cyanobacteria II written by Brian A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria have existed for 3.5 billion years, yet they are still the most important photosynthetic organisms on the planet for cycling carbon and nitrogen. The ecosystems where they have key roles range from the warmer oceans to many Antarctic sites. They also include dense nuisance growths in nutrient-rich lakes and nitrogen-fixers which aid the fertility of rice-fields and many soils, especially the biological soil crusts of arid regions. Molecular biology has in recent years provided major advances in our understanding of cyanobacterial ecology. Perhaps for more than any other group of organisms, it is possible to see how the ecology, physiology, biochemistry, ultrastructure and molecular biology interact. This all helps to deal with practical problems such as the control of nuisance blooms and the use of cyanobacterial inocula to manage semi-desert soils. Large-scale culture of several organisms, especially "Spirulina" (Arthrospira), for health food and specialist products is increasingly being expanded for a much wider range of uses. In view of their probable contribution to past oil deposits, much attention is currently focused on their potential as a source of biofuel. Please visit http://extras.springer.com/ to view Extra Materials belonging to this volume. This book complements the highly successful Ecology of Cyanobacteria and integrates the discoveries of the past twelve years with the older literature.
Download or read book Le Golfe Du Saint Laurent petit Oc an Ou Grand Estuaire written by Canada. Department of Fisheries and Oceans and published by Peches Et Oceans Direction Generale Des Communications = Fisheries and Oceans Communications Dir. This book was released on 1991 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a workshop, the scientific reviews and the contributed papers presented at the symposium. The document presents a brief historical summary of marine research in the Gulf; reports the discussions, conclusions and recommendations of the different working groups on oceanography (physics, biology, chemistry and sedimentology) and on the fishery (fish and invertebrates); then presents the discussions of each multidisciplinary working group, centered around how the St. Lawrence system may be used as a natural laboratory which will contribute to the solution of major long-term problems of conservation of natural resources and of the quality of the environment.
Download or read book Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate written by Kevin J. Noone and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing Ocean Environments in a Changing Climate summarizes the current state of several threats to the global oceans. What distinguishes this book most from previous works is that this book begins with a holistic, global-scale focus for the first several chapters and then provides an example of how this approach can be applied on a regional scale, for the Pacific region. Previous works usually have compiled local studies, which are essentially impossible to properly integrate to the global scale. The editors have engaged leading scientists in a number of areas, such as fisheries and marine ecosystems, ocean chemistry, marine biogeochemical cycling, oceans and climate change, and economics, to examine the threats to the oceans both individually and collectively, provide gross estimates of the economic and societal impacts of these threats, and deliver high-level recommendations. Nominated for a Katerva Award in 2012 in the Economy category State of the science reviews by known marine experts provide a concise, readable presentation written at a level for managers and students Links environmental and economic aspects of ocean threats and provides an economic analysis of action versus inaction Provides recommendations for stakeholders to help stimulate the development of policies that would help move toward sustainable use of marine resources and services
Download or read book Remote Sensing Handbook for Tropical Coastal Management written by Edmund Peter Green and published by Unesco. This book was released on 2000 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook provides a detailed evaluation of what can realistically be achieved by remote sensing in an operational coastal management context. It takes the user through the planning and implementation of remote sensing projects from the setting of realistic objectives, deciding which imagery will be most appropriate to achieve those objectives, the acquisition, geometric and radiometric correction of imagery, the field survey methods needed to ground-truth the imagery and guide image classification, the image processing techniques required to optimise outputs, through the image interpretation and evaluation of the accuracy of outputs. Linked to the Handbook is a computer-based remote sensing distance-learning module: Applications of satellite and airborne image data to coastal management available free of charge via www.unesco.bilko.org
Download or read book Bioindicators for Assessing Ecological Integrity of Prairie Wetlands written by Paul R. Adamus and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanisms of Migration in Fishes written by James D. McCleave and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last major synthesis of our knowledge of fish migration and the underlying transport and guidance phenomena, both physical and biological, was "Fish Migration" published 16 years ago by F.R. Harden Jones (1968). That synthesis was based largely upon what could be gleaned by classical fishery-biology techni.ques, such as tagging and recapture studies, commercial fishing statistics, and netting and trapping studies. Despite the fact that Harden Jones also provided, with a good deal of thought and speculation, a theoretical basis for studying the various aspects of fish migration and migratory orientation, progress in this field has been, with a few excepti.ons, piecemeal and more disjointed than might have been expected. Thus we welcomed the approach from the NATO Marine Sciences Programme Panel and the encouragement from F.R. Harden Jones to develop a proprosal for, and ultimately to organize, a NATO Advanced Research Institute (ARI) on mechanisms of fish migration. Substantial progress had been made with descriptive, analytical and predictive approaches to fish migration since the appearance of "Fish ~ligration." Both because of the progress and the often conflicting results of research, we felt that the time was again right and the effort justified to synthesize and to critically assess our knowledge. Our ultimate aim was to identify the gains and shortcomings and to develop testable hypotheses for the next decade or two.
Download or read book The Ecology of Cyanobacteria written by B.A. Whitton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyanobacteria make a major contribution to world photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation, but are also notorious for causing nuisances such as dense and often toxic `blooms' in lakes and the ocean. The Ecology of Cyanobacteria: Their Diversity in Time and Space is the first book to focus solely on ecological aspects of these organisms. Its twenty-two chapters are written by some thirty authors, who are leading experts in their particular subject. The book begins with an overview of the cyanobacteria - or blue-green algae, for those who are not specialists - then looks at their diversity in the geological record and goes on to describe their ecology in present environments where they play important roles. Why is one of the key groups of organisms in the Precambrian still one of the most important groups of phototrophs today? The importance of ecological information for rational management and exploitation of these organisms for commercial and other practical purposes is also assessed. Accounts are provided of nuisances as well as the ecology of the commercially successful Spirulina and the role of cyanobacteria in ecosystem recovery from oil pollution. Many chapters include aspects of physiology, biochemistry, geochemistry and molecular biology where these help general understanding of the subject. In addition there are three chapters dealing specifically with molecular ecology. Thirty-two pages of colour photos incorporate about seventy views and light micrographs. These features make the book valuable to a wide readership, including biologists, microbiologists, geologists, water managers and environmental consultants. The book complements the highly successful The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria already published by Kluwer.
Download or read book Introduction to Coastal Processes and Geomorphology written by Robin Davidson-Arnott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounded in current research, this second edition has been thoroughly updated, featuring new topics, global examples and online material. Written for students studying coastal geomorphology, this is the complete guide to the processes at work on our coastlines and the features we see in coastal systems across the world.
Download or read book Freshwater Algae of North America written by John D. Wehr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-05 with total page 1067 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification, Second Edition is an authoritative and practical treatise on the classification, biodiversity, and ecology of all known genera of freshwater algae from North America. The book provides essential taxonomic and ecological information about one of the most diverse and ubiquitous groups of organisms on earth. This single volume brings together experts on all the groups of algae that occur in fresh waters (also soils, snow, and extreme inland environments). In the decade since the first edition, there has been an explosion of new information on the classification, ecology, and biogeography of many groups of algae, with the use of molecular techniques and renewed interest in biological diversity. Accordingly, this new edition covers updated classification information of most algal groups and the reassignment of many genera and species, as well as new research on harmful algal blooms. Extensive and complete Describes every genus of freshwater algae known from North America, with an analytical dichotomous key, descriptions of diagnostic features, and at least one image of every genus. Full-color images throughout provide superb visual examples of freshwater algae Updated Environmental Issues and Classifications, including new information on harmful algal blooms (HAB) Fully revised introductory chapters, including new topics on biodiversity, and taste and odor problems Updated to reflect the rapid advances in algal classification and taxonomy due to the widespread use of DNA technologies
Download or read book Mudflat Ecology written by Peter G. Beninger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-13 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intertidal mudflats are distinct, highly-productive marine habitats which provide important ecosystem services to the land-sea interface. In contrast to other marine habitats, and despite a large body of primary scientific literature, no comprehensive synthesis exists, such that the scattered knowledge base lacks an integrated conceptual framework. We attempt to provide this synthesis by pulling together and contextualizing the different disciplines, tools, and approaches used in the study of intertidal mudflats. The editor pays particular attention to relationships between the various components of the synthesis, both at the conceptual and the operational levels, validating these relationships through close interaction with the various authors.
Download or read book Methods for the Study of Deep Sea Sediments Their Functioning and Biodiversity written by Roberto Danovaro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-21 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years scientists viewed the deep sea as calm, quiet, and undisturbed, with marine species existing in an ecologically stable and uniform environment. Recent discoveries have completely transformed that understanding and the deep sea is recognized as a complicated and dynamic environment with a rich diversity of marine species. Carefully designe
