Download or read book Spark Ignition Studies in Flowing Liquid Fuel air Mixtures written by K. V. L. Rao and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Some Notes on Sparks and Ignition of Fuels written by Franklin A. Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report compliments a concurrent analysis of the electromagnetic field threat to the fuel system of a transport aircraft. The accompanying effort assessed currents, voltages and power levels that may be induced upon fuel tank wiring from radio transmitters (inside and outside the aircraft). In addition to this, it was also essential to determine how much voltage, current, or power is required to create a fuel-vapor ignition hazard. The widely accepted minimum guideline for aircraft fuel-vapor ignition is the application of a 0.2 milliljoule energy level. However, when considering radio frequency (RF) sources, this guideline is seriously inadequate. This report endeavors to bridge the gap between a traditional understanding of electrical breakdown, heating and combustion; and supplement the knowledge with available information regarding aircraft fuel-vapor ignition by RF sources.

Download or read book Mixture Formation in Spark Ignition Engines written by Hans Peter Lenz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twentyfour years have gone by since the publication of K. Lohner and H. Muller's comprehen sive work "Gemischbildung und Verbrennung im Ottomotor" in 1967 [1.1]' Naturally, the field of mixture formation and combustion in the spark-ignition engine has wit nessed great technological advances and many new findings in the intervening years, so that the time seemed ripe for presenting a summary of recent research and developments. There fore, I gladly took up the suggestion of the editors of this series of books, Professor Dr. H. List and Professor Dr. A. Pischinger, to write a book summarizing the present state of the art. A center of activity of the Institute of Internal-Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering at the Vienna Technical University, which I am heading, is the field of mixture formation -there fore, many new results that have been achieved in this area in collaboration with the respective industry have been included in this volume. The basic principles of combustion are discussed only to that extent which seemect necessary for an understanding of the effects of mixture formation. The focal point of this volume is the mixture formation in spark-ignition engines, covering both the theory and actual design of the mixture formation units and appropriate intake manifolds. Also, the related measurement technology is explained in this work.

Download or read book Spark Ignition of Flowing Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted to show the effect of fuel-air ratio and initial temperature on spark-ignition energy and to apply these results to a previously developed theory of ignition. Data were obtained at a pressure of 5.0 inches mercury absolute, gas velocity of 50 feet per second, low-turbulent flow condition, and with long-duration spark discharges.

Download or read book Modelling Spark Ignition Combustion written by P. A. Lakshminarayanan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-05-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive overview of combustion models used in different types of spark ignition engines. In the first generation of spark ignition (SI) engines, the turbulence is created by the shear flow passing through the intake valves, and significantly decays during the intake and compression strokes. The residual turbulence enhances the laminar flame velocity, which is characteristic of the fuel and increases the relative effectiveness of the engine. In this simple two-zone model, the turbulence is estimated empirically; the spherical flame propagation model considers ignition delay, thermodynamics, heat transfer and chemical equilibrium, to obtain the performance and emissions of an SI engine. The model is used extensively by designers and research engineers to handle the fuel-air mixture prepared in the inlet and different geometries of open combustion chambers. The empiricism of the combustion model was progressively dismantled over the years. New 3D models for ignition considering the flow near a spark plug and flame propagation in the bulk gases were developed by incorporating solutions to Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations for the turbulent flow with chemical reactions in the intense computational fluid dynamics. The models became far less empirical and enabled treating new generation direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) gasoline and gas engines. The more complex layout of DISI engines with passive or active prechamber is successfully handled by them. This book presents details of models of SI engine combustion progressively increasing in complexity, making them accessible to designers, researchers, and even mechanical engineers who are curious to explore the field. This book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in spark ignition combustion.

Download or read book Spark Ignition of Fuel air Mixtures written by John F. Engle and published by . This book was released on 1979* with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spontaneous Ignition of Liquid Fuels written by Brian Percival Mullins and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Injection and Combustion of Liquid Fuels written by A. A. Putnam and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modelling Spark Ignition Combustion written by P. A. Lakshminarayanan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flow and Combustion in Reciprocating Engines written by C. Arcoumanis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-29 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization of combustion processes in automotive engines is a key factor in reducing fuel consumption. This book, written by eminent university and industry researchers, investigates and describes flow and combustion processes in diesel and gasoline engines.

Download or read book The Influence of Directed Air Flow on Combustion in a Spark ignition Engine written by Addison May Rothrock and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Automotive Spark Ignited Direct Injection Gasoline Engines written by F. Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-08 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of fuel injection, spray atomization and vaporization, charge cooling, mixture preparation and the control of in-cylinder air motion are all being actively researched and this work is reviewed in detail and analyzed. The new technologies such as high-pressure, common-rail, gasoline injection systems and swirl-atomizing gasoline fuel injections are discussed in detail, as these technologies, along with computer control capabilities, have enabled the current new examination of an old objective; the direct-injection, stratified-charge (DISC), gasoline engine. The prior work on DISC engines that is relevant to current GDI engine development is also reviewed and discussed. The fuel economy and emission data for actual engine configurations have been obtained and assembled for all of the available GDI literature, and are reviewed and discussed in detail. The types of GDI engines are arranged in four classifications of decreasing complexity, and the advantages and disadvantages of each class are noted and explained. Emphasis is placed upon consensus trends and conclusions that are evident when taken as a whole; thus the GDI researcher is informed regarding the degree to which engine volumetric efficiency and compression ratio can be increased under optimized conditions, and as to the extent to which unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), NOx and particulate emissions can be minimized for specific combustion strategies. The critical area of GDI fuel injector deposits and the associated effect on spray geometry and engine performance degradation are reviewed, and important system guidelines for minimizing deposition rates and deposit effects are presented. The capabilities and limitations of emission control techniques and after treatment hardware are reviewed in depth, and a compilation and discussion of areas of consensus on attaining European, Japanese and North American emission standards presented. All known research, prototype and production GDI engines worldwide are reviewed as to performance, emissions and fuel economy advantages, and for areas requiring further development. The engine schematics, control diagrams and specifications are compiled, and the emission control strategies are illustrated and discussed. The influence of lean-NOx catalysts on the development of late-injection, stratified-charge GDI engines is reviewed, and the relative merits of lean-burn, homogeneous, direct-injection engines as an option requiring less control complexity are analyzed.

Download or read book Study of Fuel Air Mixture Formation Process in Spark Ignition Engines written by Gang Chen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Liquid Fuel Behavior in the Mixture Preparation Process During Starting and Warm up in a Spark Ignition Engine written by Younggy Shin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Combustion Studies in a Spark ignition Engine written by Halit Çakir and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spark Ignition written by Sally P. M. Bane and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Determining the risk of accidental ignition of flammable mixtures is a topic of tremendous importance in industry and aviation safety. The concept of minimum ignition energy (MIE) has traditionally formed the basis for studying ignition hazards of fuels. However, in recent years, particularly in the aviation safety industry, the viewpoint has changed to one where ignition is statistical in nature. Approaching ignition as statistical rather than a threshold phenomenon appears to be more consistent with the inherent variability in the engineering test data. Ignition tests were performed in lean hydrogen-based aviation test mixtures and in two hexane-air mixtures using low-energy capacitive spark ignition systems. Tests were carried out using both short, fixed sparks (1 to 2 mm) and variable length sparks up to 10 mm. The results were analyzed using statistical tools to obtain probability distributions for ignition versus spark energy and spark energy density (energy per unit spark length). Results show that a single threshold MIE value does not exist, and that the energy per unit length may be a more appropriate parameter for quantifying the risk of ignition than only the energy. The probability of ignition versus spark charge was also investigated, and the statistical results for the spark charge and spark energy density were compared. It was found that the test results were less variable with respect to the spark charge than the energy density. However, variability was still present due to phenomena such as plasma instabilities and cathode effects that are caused by the electrodynamics. Work was also done to develop a two-dimensional numerical model of spark ignition that accurately simulates all physical scales of the fluid mechanics and chemistry. In this work a two-dimensional model of spark discharge in air and spark ignition was developed using the non-reactive and reactive Navier-Stokes equations. One-step chemistry models were used to allow for highly resolved simulations, and methods for calculating effective one-step parameters were developed using constant pressure explosion theory. The one-step model was tuned to accurately simulate the flame speed, temperature, and straining behavior using one-dimensional flame computations. The simulations were performed with three different electrode geometries to investigate the effect of the geometry on the fluid mechanics of the evolving spark kernel and on flame formation. The computational results were compared with high-speed schlieren visualization of spark and ignition kernels. It was found that the electrode geometry had a significant effect on the fluid motion following spark discharge and hence influences the ignition process.

Download or read book Computational Fluid Dynamic Modelling of Flow and Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work is based on the need for understanding the in-cylinder flow and its subsequent effects on combustion in a valved-two-stroke spark ignition engine with fuel injection using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental techniques. In this context, the CFD code KIVA-II has been modified to model the two-stroke engine gas exchange and combustion processes. A 3-D Cartesian grid generation program for complex engine geometry has been added to the KIVA code which has been modified to include intake and exhaust flow processes with valves. New and improved sub models for wall jet interaction, mixing controlled combustion and one dimensional wave action have also been incorporated. The modified version of the program has been used to simulate a fuel injected two-stroke spark ignition engine and parametric studies have been undertaken. The simulated flow, combustion and exhaust emission characteristics over a wide range of operating conditions show the expected trends in behaviour observed in actual engines. In the second phase of this study, the air-assisted-fuel-injection (AAFI) process into a cylinder has been simulated with a high resolution computational grid. The simulation results are presented and compared with experimental data obtained using the Schlieren optical technique. An approximate method based on the conservation of mass, momentum and energy of the spray jet and using a comparatively coarse grid has been suggested for simulating the AAFI process. The simulation study predicts a high degree of atomisation of fuel spray with Sauter mean diameter around 10 μm even with moderate air and fuel pressures. The penetration and width of spray are simulated within 15% of the experimental values. In the last phase of this study, the flow and combustion processes have been studied for a four-stroke spark ignition engine with the AAFI process. The simulation results obtained using this approximate method have been validated with experimental data ge.