Download or read book Orbital Debris written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-07-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the beginning of space flight, the collision hazard in Earth orbit has increased as the number of artificial objects orbiting the Earth has grown. Spacecraft performing communications, navigation, scientific, and other missions now share Earth orbit with spent rocket bodies, nonfunctional spacecraft, fragments from spacecraft breakups, and other debris created as a byproduct of space operations. Orbital Debris examines the methods we can use to characterize orbital debris, estimates the magnitude of the debris population, and assesses the hazard that this population poses to spacecraft. Potential methods to protect spacecraft are explored. The report also takes a close look at the projected future growth in the debris population and evaluates approaches to reducing that growth. Orbital Debris offers clear recommendations for targeted research on the debris population, for methods to improve the protection of spacecraft, on methods to reduce the creation of debris in the future, and much more.

Download or read book Space Debris Cleaning Missions written by Max Cerf and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Space Security and Legal Aspects of Active Debris Removal written by Annette Froehlich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book analyzes the various legal and political concepts to resolve the problem of the existing space debris in outer space and which measures have been taken to avoid space debris or to reduce potential space debris in the course of future space missions. From a scientific and technical point of view various studies are ongoing to analyze the feasibility of active debris removal. Nevertheless it has to be highlighted that outer space is an international area where various actors with different legal and political concepts are operating, a situation that leads to different approaches concerning such activities.

Download or read book Active Debris Removal in Space written by Robin Biesbroek and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-02-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are 17,000 traceable objects in space. However only 600 of these objects are active satellites. The other 96% can be classified as space debris; human-made elements or fragments that do not function anymore. These objects are now the reason why satellite operators get collision warnings on a weekly basis, and every week at least one of these debris objects enters the atmosphere. In the meantime, the number of debris objects in space keeps increasing... It is time for a change. People need to realize that our environment includes space around the Earth, and that this space is polluted. It is time to start actively removing space debris. But access to space is expensive, and catching debris objects has never been done before. Now for the first time, Robin Biesbroek, who manages active debris removal studies at the European Space Agency, describes solutions to clean up space in a non-technical way. Apart from technical design solutions to create a 'garbage truck for space', other questions such as 'what are the legal applications?', 'Where is space debris?', 'can we make a business case out of debris removal?' are discussed.

Download or read book Automated Rendezvous and Docking of Spacecraft written by Wigbert Fehse and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-13 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive reference for space engineers on rendezvous and docking/berthing (RVD/B) related issues, this book answers key questions such as: How does the docking vehicle accurately approach the target spacecraft? What technology is needed aboard the spacecraft to perform automatic rendezvous and docking, and what systems are required by ground control to supervise this process? How can the proper functioning of all rendezvous-related equipment, systems and operations be verified before launch? The book provides an overview of the major issues governing approach and mating strategies, and system concepts for rendezvous and docking/berthing. These issues are described and explained such that aerospace engineers, students and even newcomers to the field can acquire a basic understanding of RVD/B. The author would like to extend his thanks to Dr Shufan Wu, GNC specialist and translator of the book's Chinese edition, for his help in the compilation of these important errata.

Download or read book Optimized Planning for a Multiple Space Debris Removal Mission written by Mikkel Joergensen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lower Earth orbits (LEO) have become the residence for a significant number of large space debris, most of which are defunct satellites and rocket upper stages. The said debris jeopardize regular spacecraft operations in LEO and act as sources of smaller debris as a result of collisions and degradation. To mitigate the adverse effects of space debris and to remediate the LEO region, active debris removal (ADR) missions have been proposed. A mission plan for de-orbiting multiple pieces of large space debris is formulated and evaluated. Within this mission plan, low thrust orbital manoeuvres are used to achieve the necessary orbital transfers by considering the trade-offs between fuel mass and mission time. For the proposed mission scenario, the debris re-enters Earth’s atmosphere in an uncontrolled fashion and as such, strategies for minimizing casualty risk as a result of debris re-entry are proposed. To reduce the fuel cost of accurate rendezvous with multiple pieces of space debris, optimized drift orbits for chaser transfers with large changes in right ascension of the ascending node (RAAN) are introduced. Each orbital manoeuvre considered is defined as a minimum-time orbital transfer, using low-thrust propulsion. The formulation and solution for an accurate motion plan is presented to execute multiple debris removal missions, by using point-to-point transfers. The point-to-point transfer is posed as a constrained non-linear optimal control problem. To demonstrate the capabilities of the formulation and the feasibility of the solutions, several sets of debris are introduced with different features. The outcomes are the transfer characteristics for the chaser to achieve the best possible trade-off between time and fuel for the multiple debris removal mission and the control input time histories required to achieve it.The analysis of the debris re-entry stage of the ADR mission vis a vis the parameters of the disposal orbit is also presented. More specifically, the deorbiting part of an ADR mission can be designed such that the parameters of the disposal orbit minimize the casualty risk of large debris re-entry. To analyse re-entry, the Debris Risk Assessment and Mitigation Analysis (DRAMA) software suite, developed by the European Space Agency, is the primary model employed. With respect to release conditions, once the debris is in the disposal orbit, the effect of introducing a small-magnitude impulse onto the debris at the release is studied, consequently showing that the casualty risk factor can be lowered. Furthermore, a high fidelity coupled orbital-attitude propagator is used to analyze the rotational state evolution of the debris between its release in the disposal orbit (at 200 km) and the onset of re-entry (assumed at 125 km altitude). The debris is released with various orientations, and the effects of the attitude state on the re-entry analysis are investigated"--

Download or read book Introduction to Space Debris Challenges and Removal Techniques written by Lakshya Vaibhav Datta and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Especially with advents in space technology, space debris removal has become more important then ever. There can be several methods of removal of space debris. One of the viable options available is taking proper precautions in satellites and objects being sent up in to space, such that they can use their own systems in order to return back to Earth upon completion of their missions or burn up in the Earth's atmosphere and hence not pose a threat to future space missions. The main problem in the mission to rid the planet's boundary of unwanted debris particles lies in the removal of those particles and objects which do not have the capability of using their own systems to return to Earth or get burnt up in the Earth's atmosphere in a short duration of time. Old rocket shells, satellite components and fragments, make up only a small part of nearly 16,000 space debris particles larger than 10 centimeters being constantly monitored by NASA. This book discusses ways of removing those space debris components, which have completed their respective missions. This work by Lakshya Datta, edited by Dr. Ugur GUVEN is a perfect book as a beginners guide to the Fundamentals of Space Debris.

Download or read book Handbook of Cosmic Hazards and Planetary Defense written by Joseph N. Pelton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers in a comprehensive fashion all aspects of cosmic hazards and possible strategies for contending with these threats through a comprehensive planetary defense strategy. This handbook brings together in a single reference work a rich blend of information about the various types of cosmic threats that are posed to human civilization by asteroids, comets, bolides, meteors, solar flares and coronal mass ejections, cosmic radiation and other types of threats that are only recently beginning to be understood and studied, such as investigation of the “cracks” in the protective shield provided by the Van Allen belts and the geomagnetosphere, of matter-antimatter collisions, orbital debris and radiological or biological contamination. Some areas that are addressed involve areas about which there is a good deal of information that has been collected for many decades by multiple space missions run by many different space agencies, observatories and scientific researchers. Other areas involving research and studies that have only recently gotten underway are discussed by some of the world’s foremost experts in each of these areas, who provide up-to-date and scientifically verifiable information. Although much of the work in these various areas have been conducted by space agencies, an expanding range of work is also being carried out by observatories, by universities and other research centers, and even by private foundations and professional organizations. The purpose of this work is thus several-fold: to include the latest information and most systematic research from around the world in a single reference work; to note where there are significant gaps in knowledge where new research, spacecraft, observatories, or other initiatives are needed to fill in critical missing information; and to give the best possible information about preventative actions that might be taken against cosmic threats and identify various alternative strategies that are now under way or planned to cope with these various threats.

Download or read book Space Debris Peril written by Matteo Madi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book provides up-to-date knowledge of space debris and valuable insights on how to grapple with this issue from legal, technical, economical and societal aspects. I would strongly recommend that everyone who is working on space development and utilizations and even non-specialists once read this book and think over how human being should be faced with this issue." –Prof. Shinichi Nakasuka, University of Tokyo, Japan Space Debris Peril: Pathways to Opportunities takes readers through the wide spectrum of problems created by space debris – including technical, political, legal and socio-economical aspects – and suggests ways to mitigate its negative consequences and create new opportunities. With chapter contributions from authors at world-renowned universities, private or public entities, and research institutes active in the field of space debris mitigation, space policy and law, risk and resilience, liability and insurance, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to the subject helping the reader to grasp the whole picture of the current space debris remediation challenges. This book will be of interest to the scientific communities, policy makers, business developers, (re)insurers and international standards developers for space operations and orbital debris mitigation. Also, it should appeal to a broader audience among non-specialists in various sectors and the general public. Key features: Brings together interdisciplinary perspectives on the topic in one, cohesive book Chapter contributions from specialists in this interdisciplinary field from around the globe Up-to-date information with the latest developments

Download or read book Space Debris written by Heiner Klinkrad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-01 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future evolution of the debris environment will be forecast on the basis of traffic models and possible hazard mitigation practices. The text shows how large trackable objects will have re-entry pinpointed and predictions made on related risk assessment for possible ground impact. Models will also be described for meteoroids which are also a prevailing risk.

Download or read book Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers written by Nakarada Pecujlic, Anja and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-03-29 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major non-technical challenge of space activities is ensuring productive cooperation, communication, and understanding between the engineers who design the mission and the space lawyers who cover its relevant legal aspects. Though both groups usually attain some level of understanding, it is only achieved after many years of experience in the space industry and through repeated contact with topics relevant to their projects. A basic understanding of the most important legal and technical aspects acquired earlier in their careers can facilitate better cooperation and more efficient development of space projects. Promoting Productive Cooperation Between Space Lawyers and Engineers is a pivotal reference source that provides vital insights into basic legal and technical topics and challenges that occur while planning and conducting typical space activities. The book uses high-profile space missions as examples and highlights the major technical aspects of these missions and the legal issues applied to these missions. While highlighting topics such as planetary settlements, policy perspectives, and suborbital spaceflight, this publication is ideally designed for lawyers, engineers, academicians, students, and professionals.

Download or read book Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-12-16 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derelict satellites, equipment and other debris orbiting Earth (aka space junk) have been accumulating for many decades and could damage or even possibly destroy satellites and human spacecraft if they collide. During the past 50 years, various National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) communities have contributed significantly to maturing meteoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) programs to their current state. Satellites have been redesigned to protect critical components from MMOD damage by moving critical components from exterior surfaces to deep inside a satellite's structure. Orbits are monitored and altered to minimize the risk of collision with tracked orbital debris. MMOD shielding added to the International Space Station (ISS) protects critical components and astronauts from potentially catastrophic damage that might result from smaller, untracked debris and meteoroid impacts. Limiting Future Collision Risk to Spacecraft: An Assessment of NASA's Meteoroid and Orbital Debris Program examines NASA's efforts to understand the meteoroid and orbital debris environment, identifies what NASA is and is not doing to mitigate the risks posed by this threat, and makes recommendations as to how they can improve their programs. While the report identified many positive aspects of NASA's MMOD programs and efforts including responsible use of resources, it recommends that the agency develop a formal strategic plan that provides the basis for prioritizing the allocation of funds and effort over various MMOD program needs. Other necessary steps include improvements in long-term modeling, better measurements, more regular updates of the debris environmental models, and other actions to better characterize the long-term evolution of the debris environment.

Download or read book Orbital Debris A Chronology written by David S. F. Portree and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 37-year (1961-1998) history of orbital debris concerns. Tracks orbital debris hazard creation, research, observation, experimentation, management, mitigation, protection, and policy. Includes debris-producing, events; U.N. orbital debris treaties, Space Shuttle and space station orbital debris issues; ASAT tests; milestones in theory and modeling; uncontrolled reentries; detection system development; shielding development; geosynchronous debris issues, including reboost policies: returned surfaces studies, seminar papers reports, conferences, and studies; the increasing effect of space activities on astronomy; and growing international awareness of the near-Earth environment.

Download or read book Space Debris and Other Threats from Outer Space written by Joseph N. Pelton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mounting problem of space debris in low earth orbit and its threat to the operation of application satellites has been increasingly recognized as space activities increase. The efforts of the Inter Agency Space Debris Coordinating Committee (IADC) and UN COPUS have now led to international guidelines to mitigate the creation of new debris. This book discusses the technical studies being developed for active removal processes and otherwise mitigating problems of space debris, particularly in low earth orbit. This book also considers threats to space systems and the Earth that comes from natural causes such as asteroids, coronal mass ejections, and radiation. After more than half a century of space applications and explorations, the time has come to consider ways to provide sustainability for long-term space activities.

Download or read book Artificial Space Debris written by Nicholas L. Johnson and published by Krieger Publishing Company. This book was released on 1987 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Achieving Science with CubeSats written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-11-06 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Space-based observations have transformed our understanding of Earth, its environment, the solar system and the universe at large. During past decades, driven by increasingly advanced science questions, space observatories have become more sophisticated and more complex, with costs often growing to billions of dollars. Although these kinds of ever-more-sophisticated missions will continue into the future, small satellites, ranging in mass between 500 kg to 0.1 kg, are gaining momentum as an additional means to address targeted science questions in a rapid, and possibly more affordable, manner. Within the category of small satellites, CubeSats have emerged as a space-platform defined in terms of (10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm)- sized cubic units of approximately 1.3 kg each called "U's." Historically, CubeSats were developed as training projects to expose students to the challenges of real-world engineering practices and system design. Yet, their use has rapidly spread within academia, industry, and government agencies both nationally and internationally. In particular, CubeSats have caught the attention of parts of the U.S. space science community, which sees this platform, despite its inherent constraints, as a way to affordably access space and perform unique measurements of scientific value. The first science results from such CubeSats have only recently become available; however, questions remain regarding the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats in the future. Achieving Science with CubeSats reviews the current state of the scientific potential and technological promise of CubeSats. This report focuses on the platform's promise to obtain high- priority science data, as defined in recent decadal surveys in astronomy and astrophysics, Earth science and applications from space, planetary science, and solar and space physics (heliophysics); the science priorities identified in the 2014 NASA Science Plan; and the potential for CubeSats to advance biology and microgravity research. It provides a list of sample science goals for CubeSats, many of which address targeted science, often in coordination with other spacecraft, or use "sacrificial," or high-risk, orbits that lead to the demise of the satellite after critical data have been collected. Other goals relate to the use of CubeSats as constellations or swarms deploying tens to hundreds of CubeSats that function as one distributed array of measurements.

Download or read book Final Design of a Space Debris Removal System written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective is the removal of medium sized orbital debris in low Earth orbits. The design incorporates a transfer vehicle and a netting vehicle to capture the medium size debris. The system is based near an operational space station located at 28.5 degrees inclination and 400 km altitude. The system uses ground based tracking to determine the location of a satellite breakup or debris cloud. This data is unloaded to the transfer vehicle, and the transfer vehicle proceeds to rendezvous with the debris at a lower altitude parking orbit. Next, the netting vehicle is deployed, tracks the targeted debris, and captures it. After expending the available nets, the netting vehicle returns to the transfer vehicle for a new netting module and continues to capture more debris in the target area. Once all the netting modules are expended, the transfer vehicle returns to the space station's orbit, where it is resupplied with new netting modules from a space shuttle load. The new modules are launched by the shuttle from the ground, and the expended modules are taken back to Earth for removal of the captured debris, refueling, and repacking of the nets. Once the netting modules are refurbished, they are taken back into orbit for reuse. In a typical mission, the system has the ability to capture 50 pieces of orbital debris. One mission will take about six months. The system is designed to allow for a 30 degree inclination change on the outgoing and incoming trips of the transfer vehicle. Carlson, Erika and Casali, Steve and Chambers, Don and Geissler, Garner and Lalich, Andrew and Leipold, Manfred and Mach, Richard and Parry, John and Weems, Foley Unspecified Center CLEANING; DEBRIS; DEPLOYMENT; EARTH ORBITS; NETS; SPACE DEBRIS; SPACE STATIONS; LOADS (FORCES); LOW EARTH ORBITS; MODULES; PARKING ORBITS; POSITION (LOCATION); REFUELING; SPACE SHUTTLES; SPACECRAFT BREAKUP...