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Book Soybean Aphid Biotype 4 Resistance in Soja and Soybean Plant Introductions

Download or read book Soybean Aphid Biotype 4 Resistance in Soja and Soybean Plant Introductions written by Sophia R. Conzemius and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Different Sources of Resistance in Soybean Against Soybean Aphid Biotypes

Download or read book Different Sources of Resistance in Soybean Against Soybean Aphid Biotypes written by Predeesh Chandran and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, arrived first to North America during the midst of 2000. It is a very fast spreading insect and causes a high yield loss of above 50% in most of the soybean growing tracts of United States. Another important economic threat is it's ability to transmit some viruses to soybean. Studies to control this exotic pest started early during the year of its arrival. But a complete integrated pest management (IPM) approach that includes a combination of different control measures has yet to be completely developed. Host plant resistance is one component of integrated pest management and is more sustainable than any other control methods against this insect. In the first study, more than 80 genotypes were screened with two given aphid biotypes, biotype 1 and biotype 2. It was found that the genotypes that were earlier resistant to biotype 1 (K1639, K1642, K1613 K1621, Dowling and Jackson) were susceptible to the new biotype 2 with large populations developing on these genotypes. But we found three new Kansas genotypes that showed resistance only against biotype 1, but not against biotype 2. However, the two of the Michigan genotypes (E06902 and E07906-2) showed resistance to both biotype 1and biotype 2. In second study, the feeding behavior analyses of aphid biotypes were done using the EPG, Electrical penetration graph, technique for a recorded 9 hrs probing time. The resistant and susceptible genotypes show significant differences in their EPG parameters, especially for the sieve element duration in both biotypes. Most of the aphids reached sieve element phase (> 90%) in susceptible genotypes, but only few (

Book The Indirect and Direct Effects of Temperature and Host Plant Resistance on Population Growth of Soybean Aphid Aphis Glycines Biotype 1

Download or read book The Indirect and Direct Effects of Temperature and Host Plant Resistance on Population Growth of Soybean Aphid Aphis Glycines Biotype 1 written by Ashley Rose Hough and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature has an important indirect impact on pest populations. Direct effects occur, but also may result from temperature-induced changes in plant quality, including the expression of host plant resistance traits. Therefore, I examined both indirect and direct effects of temperature on biotype 1 soybean aphids (SBA), Aphis glycines, on a Rag1-resistant soybean variety and compared the effects with a susceptible variety to gain a better understanding of how temperature impacts SBA. Four aphid responses were evaluated: preimaginal development, survival to adulthood, number of progeny produced, and adult longevity. In the first experiment, I grew soybean seedlings to the V-0 stage at 25°C and then conditioned them for 0, 3 or 5 days at 20° or 30°C before infesting with a single first instar SBA at each of the two experimental temperatures. Based on previous literature for SBA, I hypothesized that conditioning plants at the lower temperature would cause resistance to break down and that longer exposure would exacerbate the effect. Results showed that conditioning soybeans to 20°C significantly reduced SBA survival, and the effect on survival increased with longer conditioning. Conditioning plants to 30°C had no significant effect on SBA survival. However, estimated population growth decreased as conditioning time increased at 30°C and this effect was also observed at 20°C. Thus, plant resistance may have increased at both temperatures. The second experiment compared SBA responses, including population growth, at four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 300C) on a Rag1-resistant and susceptible soybean variety. I predicted that SBA fitness would be lower at all temperatures on resistant soybeans, but the magnitude of differences between cultivars would not be uniform across temperatures. Results indicated that both temperature (highest and lowest) and plant resistance detrimentally affected SBA fitness. There was also a significant interaction between the two variables with respect to SBA survival. Survival was lower and development rates were slower on the resistant cultivar. SBA required more degree-days to develop on resistant soybeans compared to the susceptible cultivar. This information will aid soybean producers in implementing a cost-efficient IPM strategy involving Rag1 resistant soybeans to combat SBA under a range of temperatures.

Book Soybean

    Soybean

    Book Details:
  • Author : Hany El-Shemy
  • Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
  • Release : 2013-02-13
  • ISBN : 9535109782
  • Pages : 292 pages

Download or read book Soybean written by Hany El-Shemy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legumes are important for the diet of a significant part of the world's population; they are a good source of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. The'importance of soybean'lies in the overall agriculture and trade and in its contribution to food supply. Soybean contains the highest protein content and has no cholesterol in comparison with conventional legume and animal food sources. Furthermore, soybean is a cheap source of food, and at the same time medicinal due to its genistein, photochemical, isoflavones content. Soybean has been found to be extremely helpful in the fight against heart disease, cancer and diabetes, among others. Soybean protein and calories are presently being used to prevent body wasting often associated with HIV. The importance of soybean nutrition intervention is amplified where medications are unavailable. Its economic potential inherent in a wide range of industrial uses can be harnessed to the benefit of smallholder soybean producers.

Book Screening Early Maturing Soybean Glycine Max L Germplasm for Resistance to the Soybean Aphid Aphis Glycines Matsumura

Download or read book Screening Early Maturing Soybean Glycine Max L Germplasm for Resistance to the Soybean Aphid Aphis Glycines Matsumura written by Clarice Mensah and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Effect of Previous Feeding on Antibiosis Levels of Soybeans

Download or read book Effect of Previous Feeding on Antibiosis Levels of Soybeans written by Poornima Viswanathan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines is documented to have arrived in North America in mid 2000 and has ever since established itself as a formidable pest of soybeans, with the capacity to cause immense crop losses. This formidable pest with its complex life cycle and habits represents a current threat to soybean production. Host plant resistance is a promising avenue that can offer considerable control over the soybean aphid problem. Antibiosis being the most effective host plant resistance category, this study was aimed at attempting to understand the effects of induction on the antibiosis levels of soybeans. In the first set of experiments, different soybean genotypes and two soybean aphid biotypes were tested to comprehend if and how the genotypes and biotypes affected the survival and reproduction of the aphid. The experiments revealed mixed results that can be attributed to the genotypes tested and the biotypes used. While some genotypes showed no significant changes due to previous infestation, K1621 suggested signs of induced resistance to biotype 1 and PI567301B showed induced resistance to biotype 2, while K1639 pointed towards induced susceptibility to biotype 2. A follow up feeding behavior study with Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique was carried out on PI567301B to elucidate if the induced resistance was tissue-specific, which could affect the feeding behavior of the aphid (biotype 2); but the results showed no appreciable differences in the feeding behavior of the aphids on clean vs. infested plants. Induced response studies shed light on how plants respond to herbivory and help us identify how changes in plant physiology affect the various herbivores that visit it for food and shelter. This knowledge can thus be applied to the development of superior varieties of crops that can defend themselves better against recurring infestations.

Book Developing Host Plant Resistance for Hemipteran Soybean Pests Lessons from Soybean Aphid and Stink Bugs

Download or read book Developing Host Plant Resistance for Hemipteran Soybean Pests Lessons from Soybean Aphid and Stink Bugs written by Raman Bansal and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing Host-Plant Resistance for Hemipteran Soybean Pests: Lessons from Soybean Aphid and Stink Bugs.

Book Components of Soybean Resistance to the Soybean Aphid Aphis Glycines Matsumura

Download or read book Components of Soybean Resistance to the Soybean Aphid Aphis Glycines Matsumura written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura, is a pest of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. Studies to find control methods were initiated in 2000 when it was first detected in the United States. Aphis glycines can reduce yields by as much as 50%, and vectors several viral diseases. Plant resistance to A. glycines is one important component of integrated control. In the first study, reproduction of A. glycines was compared on 240 soybean entries. Eleven had fewer nymphs produced compared with two susceptible checks (KS4202 and Pioneer[trade mark] 95B15). Antibiosis and antixenosis were assessed in no-choice and choice tests, respectively. Nine entries showed moderate antibiosis and the other two (K1639 and Pioneer[trade mark] 95B97) showed strong antibiosis and antixenosis as categories of resistance to A. glycines. In the second study, chlorophyll loss was estimated in no-choice tests on infested and uninfested leaves of KS4202. The minimum combined number to detect significant chlorophyll loss was 30 aphids confined for 10 days. Using this number, seven resistant entries found in the first study were evaluated. There was no significant chlorophyll reduction between infested and uninfested leaves of five of the resistant entries (K1621, K1639, 95B97, Dowling and Jackson). Jackson and Dowling had a significantly lower percentage loss than the susceptible checks. In the third study, assessment of feeding behavior of A. glycines was compared and recorded for 9 h on four resistant entries and KS4202. The average time needed to reach the first sieve element phase by A. glycines was 3.5 h in KS4202 while in the resistant entries it was 7.5 h, and the total duration in this phase was longer than an hour in KS4202, and only two to seven minutes in the resistant entries. These data suggest that phloem tissues in the resistant plants change feeding behavior. However, aphids first reached the xylem phase and then the sieve element phase, and the time that aphids spent ingesting xylem sap was not different among all entries; therefore, it is possible that xylem sap in the resistant entries may contain toxic substances that alter aphid behavior and restrain further activities on the sieve element phase.

Book Identification of Soybean Aphid Resistance in Early Maturing Genotypes of Soybean

Download or read book Identification of Soybean Aphid Resistance in Early Maturing Genotypes of Soybean written by Siddhi Jeewan Bhusal and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: