Download or read book Some Properties of Differentiable Varieties and Transformations written by Beniamino Segre and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume contains, together with numerous additions and extensions, the course of lectures which I gave at Pavia (26 September till 5 October 1955) by invitation of the «Centro Internazionale Mate matico Estivo». The treatment has the character of a monograph, and presents various novel features, both in form and in substance; these are indicated in the notes which will be found at the beginning and end of each chapter. Of the nine parts into which the work is divided, the first four are essentially differential in character, the next three deal with algebraic geometry, while the last two are concerned with certain aspects of the theory of differential equations and of correspondences between topo logical varieties. A glance at the index will suffice to give a more exact idea of the range and variety of the contents, whose chief characteristic is that of establishing suggestive and sometimes unforeseen relations between apparently diverse subjects (e. g. differential geometry in the small and also in the large, algebraic geometry, function theory, topo logy, etc.); prominence is given throughout to the geometrical viewpoint, and tedious calculations are as far as possible avoided.

Download or read book Cohomology Theory of Topological Transformation Groups written by W.Y. Hsiang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, applications of algebraic topology to the study of topological transformation groups were originated in the work of L. E. 1. Brouwer on periodic transformations and, a little later, in the beautiful fixed point theorem ofP. A. Smith for prime periodic maps on homology spheres. Upon comparing the fixed point theorem of Smith with its predecessors, the fixed point theorems of Brouwer and Lefschetz, one finds that it is possible, at least for the case of homology spheres, to upgrade the conclusion of mere existence (or non-existence) to the actual determination of the homology type of the fixed point set, if the map is assumed to be prime periodic. The pioneer result of P. A. Smith clearly suggests a fruitful general direction of studying topological transformation groups in the framework of algebraic topology. Naturally, the immediate problems following the Smith fixed point theorem are to generalize it both in the direction of replacing the homology spheres by spaces of more general topological types and in the direction of replacing the group tl by more general compact groups.

Download or read book On the Geometry of Some Special Projective Varieties written by Francesco Russo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-25 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an introduction to both classical and modern techniques in projective algebraic geometry, this monograph treats the geometrical properties of varieties embedded in projective spaces, their secant and tangent lines, the behavior of tangent linear spaces, the algebro-geometric and topological obstructions to their embedding into smaller projective spaces, and the classification of extremal cases. It also provides a solution of Hartshorne’s Conjecture on Complete Intersections for the class of quadratic manifolds and new short proofs of previously known results, using the modern tools of Mori Theory and of rationally connected manifolds. The new approach to some of the problems considered can be resumed in the principle that, instead of studying a special embedded manifold uniruled by lines, one passes to analyze the original geometrical property on the manifold of lines passing through a general point and contained in the manifold. Once this embedded manifold, usually of lower codimension, is classified, one tries to reconstruct the original manifold, following a principle appearing also in other areas of geometry such as projective differential geometry or complex geometry.

Download or read book The Stone ech Compactification written by R.C. Walker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research has produced a large number of results concerning the Stone-Cech compactification or involving it in a central manner. The goal of this volume is to make many of these results easily accessible by collecting them in a single source together with the necessary introductory material. The author's interest in this area had its origin in his fascination with the classic text Rings of Continuous Functions by Leonard Gillman and Meyer Jerison. This excellent synthesis of algebra and topology appeared in 1960 and did much to draw attention to the Stone-Cech compactification {3X as a tool to investigate the relationships between a space X and the rings C(X) and C*(X) of real-valued continuous functions. Although in the approach taken here {3X is viewed as the object of study rather than as a tool, the influence of Rings of Continuous Functions is clearly evident. Three introductory chapters make the book essentially self-contained and the exposition suitable for the student who has completed a first course in topology at the graduate level. The development of the Stone Cech compactification and the more specialized topological prerequisites are presented in the first chapter. The necessary material on Boolean algebras, including the Stone Representation Theorem, is developed in Chapter 2. A very basic introduction to category theory is presented in the beginning of Chapter 10 and the remainder of the chapter is an introduction to the methods of categorical topology as it relates to the Stone-Cech compactification.

Download or read book The Divisor Class Group of a Krull Domain written by Robert M. Fossum and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two main purposes for the wntmg of this monograph on factorial rings and the associated theory of the divisor class group of a Krull domain. One is to collect the material which has been published on the subject since Samuel's treatises from the early 1960's. Another is to present some of Claborn's work on Dedekind domains. Since I am not an historian, I tread on thin ice when discussing these matters, but some historical comments are warranted in introducing this material. Krull's work on finite discrete principal orders originating in the early 1930's has had a great influence on ring theory in the suc ceeding decades. Mori, Nagata and others worked on the problems Krull suggested. But it seems to me that the theory becomes most useful after the notion of the divisor class group has been made func torial, and then related to other functorial concepts, for example, the Picard group. Thus, in treating the group of divisors and the divisor class group, I have tried to explain and exploit the functorial properties of these groups. Perhaps the most striking example of the exploitation of this notion is seen in the works of I. Danilov which appeared in 1968 and 1970.

Download or read book Asymptotic Behavior and Stability Problems in Ordinary Differential Equations written by Lamberto Cesari and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last few decades the theory of ordinary differential equations has grown rapidly under the action of forces which have been working both from within and without: from within, as a development and deepen ing of the concepts and of the topological and analytical methods brought about by LYAPUNOV, POINCARE, BENDIXSON, and a few others at the turn of the century; from without, in the wake of the technological development, particularly in communications, servomechanisms, auto matic controls, and electronics. The early research of the authors just mentioned lay in challenging problems of astronomy, but the line of thought thus produced found the most impressive applications in the new fields. The body of research now accumulated is overwhelming, and many books and reports have appeared on one or another of the multiple aspects of the new line of research which some authors call" qualitative theory of differential equations". The purpose of the present volume is to present many of the view points and questions in a readable short report for which completeness is not claimed. The bibliographical notes in each section are intended to be a guide to more detailed expositions and to the original papers. Some traditional topics such as the Sturm comparison theory have been omitted. Also excluded were all those papers, dealing with special differential equations motivated by and intended for the applications.

Download or read book Differential and Integral Inequalities written by Wolfgang Walter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1964 the author's mono graph "Differential- und Integral-Un gleichungen," with the subtitle "und ihre Anwendung bei Abschätzungs und Eindeutigkeitsproblemen" was published. The present volume grew out of the response to the demand for an English translation of this book. In the meantime the literature on differential and integral in equalities increased greatly. We have tried to incorporate new results as far as possible. As a matter of fact, the Bibliography has been almost doubled in size. The most substantial additions are in the field of existence theory. In Chapter I we have included the basic theorems on Volterra integral equations in Banach space (covering the case of ordinary differential equations in Banach space). Corresponding theorems on differential inequalities have been added in Chapter II. This was done with a view to the new sections; dealing with the line method, in the chapter on parabolic differential equations. Section 35 contains an exposition of this method in connection with estimation and convergence. An existence theory for the general nonlinear parabolic equation in one space variable based on the line method is given in Section 36. This theory is considered by the author as one of the most significant recent applications of in equality methods. We should mention that an exposition of Krzyzanski's method for solving the Cauchy problem has also been added. The numerous requests that the new edition include a chapter on elliptic differential equations have been satisfied to some extent.

Download or read book Infinite Linear Groups written by Bertram Wehrfritz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By a linear group we mean essentially a group of invertible matrices with entries in some commutative field. A phenomenon of the last twenty years or so has been the increasing use of properties of infinite linear groups in the theory of (abstract) groups, although the story of infinite linear groups as such goes back to the early years of this century with the work of Burnside and Schur particularly. Infinite linear groups arise in group theory in a number of contexts. One of the most common is via the automorphism groups of certain types of abelian groups, such as free abelian groups of finite rank, torsion-free abelian groups of finite rank and divisible abelian p-groups of finite rank. Following pioneering work of Mal'cev many authors have studied soluble groups satisfying various rank restrictions and their automor phism groups in this way, and properties of infinite linear groups now play the central role in the theory of these groups. It has recently been realized that the automorphism groups of certain finitely generated soluble (in particular finitely generated metabelian) groups contain significant factors isomorphic to groups of automorphisms of finitely generated modules over certain commutative Noetherian rings. The results of our Chapter 13, which studies such groups of automorphisms, can be used to give much information here.

Download or read book Classical Banach Spaces I written by J. Lindenstrauss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The appearance of Banach's book [8] in 1932 signified the beginning of a syste matic study of normed linear spaces, which have been the subject of continuous research ever since. In the sixties, and especially in the last decade, the research activity in this area grew considerably. As a result, Ban:ach space theory gained very much in depth as well as in scope: Most of its well known classical problems were solved, many interesting new directions were developed, and deep connections between Banach space theory and other areas of mathematics were established. The purpose of this book is to present the main results and current research directions in the geometry of Banach spaces, with an emphasis on the study of the structure of the classical Banach spaces, that is C(K) and Lip.) and related spaces. We did not attempt to write a comprehensive survey of Banach space theory, or even only of the theory of classical Banach spaces, since the amount of interesting results on the subject makes such a survey practically impossible.

Download or read book Probability Measures on Locally Compact Groups written by H. Heyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probability measures on algebraic-topological structures such as topological semi groups, groups, and vector spaces have become of increasing importance in recent years for probabilists interested in the structural aspects of the theory as well as for analysts aiming at applications within the scope of probability theory. In order to obtain a natural framework for a first systematic presentation of the most developed part of the work done in the field we restrict ourselves to prob ability measures on locally compact groups. At the same time we stress the non Abelian aspect. Thus the book is concerned with a set of problems which can be regarded either from the probabilistic or from the harmonic-analytic point of view. In fact, it seems to be the synthesis of these two viewpoints, the initial inspiration coming from probability and the refined techniques from harmonic analysis which made this newly established subject so fascinating. The goal of the presentation is to give a fairly complete treatment of the central limit problem for probability measures on a locally compact group. In analogy to the classical theory the discussion is centered around the infinitely divisible probability measures on the group and their relationship to the convergence of infinitesimal triangular systems.

Download or read book Embeddings and Extensions in Analysis written by J.H. Wells and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this book is a presentation of the major results relating to two geometrically inspired problems in analysis. One is that of determining which metric spaces can be isometrically embedded in a Hilbert space or, more generally, P in an L space; the other asks for conditions on a pair of metric spaces which will ensure that every contraction or every Lipschitz-Holder map from a subset of X into Y is extendable to a map of the same type from X into Y. The initial work on isometric embedding was begun by K. Menger [1928] with his metric investigations of Euclidean geometries and continued, in its analytical formulation, by I. J. Schoenberg [1935] in a series of papers of classical elegance. The problem of extending Lipschitz-Holder and contraction maps was first treated by E. J. McShane and M. D. Kirszbraun [1934]. Following a period of relative inactivity, attention was again drawn to these two problems by G. Minty's work on non-linear monotone operators in Hilbert space [1962]; by S. Schonbeck's fundamental work in characterizing those pairs (X,Y) of Banach spaces for which extension of contractions is always possible [1966]; and by the generalization of many of Schoenberg's embedding theorems to the P setting of L spaces by Bretagnolle, Dachuna Castelle and Krivine [1966].

Download or read book Littlewood Paley and Multiplier Theory written by R. E. Edwards and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to be a detailed and carefully written account of various versions of the Littlewood-Paley theorem and of some of its applications, together with indications of its general significance in Fourier multiplier theory. We have striven to make the presentation self-contained and unified, and adapted primarily for use by graduate students and established mathematicians who wish to begin studies in these areas: it is certainly not intended for experts in the subject. It has been our experience, and the experience of many of our students and colleagues, that this is an area poorly served by existing books. Their accounts of the subject tend to be either ill-suited to the needs of a beginner, or fragmentary, or, in one or two instances, obscure. We hope that our book will go some way towards filling this gap in the literature. Our presentation of the Littlewood-Paley theorem proceeds along two main lines, the first relating to singular integrals on locally com pact groups, and the second to martingales. Both classical and modern versions of the theorem are dealt with, appropriate to the classical n groups IRn, ?L , Tn and to certain classes of disconnected groups. It is for the disconnected groups of Chapters 4 and 5 that we give two separate accounts of the Littlewood-Paley theorem: the first Fourier analytic, and the second probabilistic.

Download or read book Bounded Integral Operators on L 2 Spaces written by P. R. Halmos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject. The phrase "integral operator" (like some other mathematically informal phrases, such as "effective procedure" and "geometric construction") is sometimes defined and sometimes not. When it is defined, the definition is likely to vary from author to author. While the definition almost always involves an integral, most of its other features can vary quite considerably. Superimposed limiting operations may enter (such as L2 limits in the theory of Fourier transforms and principal values in the theory of singular integrals), IJ' spaces and abstract Banach spaces may intervene, a scalar may be added (as in the theory of the so-called integral operators of the second kind), or, more generally, a multiplication operator may be added (as in the theory of the so-called integral operators of the third kind). The definition used in this book is the most special of all. According to it an integral operator is the natural "continuous" generali zation of the operators induced by matrices, and the only integrals that appear are the familiar Lebesgue-Stieltjes integrals on classical non-pathological mea sure spaces. The category. Some of the flavor of the theory can be perceived in finite dimensional linear algebra. Matrices are sometimes considered to be an un natural and notationally inelegant way of looking at linear transformations. From the point of view of this book that judgement misses something.

Download or read book Manifolds all of whose Geodesics are Closed written by A. L. Besse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X 1 O S R Cher lecteur, J'entre bien tard dans la sphere etroite des ecrivains au double alphabet, moi qui, il y a plus de quarante ans deja, avais accueilli sur mes terres un general epris de mathematiques. JI m'avait parle de ses projets grandioses en promettant d'ailleurs de m'envoyer ses ouvrages de geometrie. Je suis entiche de geometrie et c'est d'elle dontje voudrais vous parler, oh! certes pas de toute la geometrie, mais de celle que fait l'artisan qui taille, burine, amene, gauchit, peaufine les formes. Mon interet pour le probleme dont je veux vous entretenir ici, je le dois a un ami ebeniste. En effet comme je rendais un jour visite il cet ami, je le trouvai dans son atelier affaire a un tour. Il se retourna bientot, puis, rayonnant, me tendit une sorte de toupie et me dit: {laquo}Monsieur Besse, vous qui calculez les formes avec vos grimoires, que pensez-vous de ceci?)) Je le regardai interloque. Il poursuivit: {laquo}Regardez! Si vous prenez ce collier de laine et si vous le maintenez fermement avec un doigt place n'importe ou sur la toupie, eh bien! la toupie passera toujours juste en son interieur, sans laisser le moindre espace.)) Je rentrai chez moi, fort etonne, car sa toupie etait loin d'etre une boule. Je me mis alors au travail ...

Download or read book Potential Theory on Locally Compact Abelian Groups written by C. van den Berg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Classical potential theory can be roughly characterized as the study of Newtonian potentials and the Laplace operator on the Euclidean space JR3. It was discovered around 1930 that there is a profound connection between classical potential 3 theory and the theory of Brownian motion in JR . The Brownian motion is determined by its semigroup of transition probabilities, the Brownian semigroup, and the connection between classical potential theory and the theory of Brownian motion can be described analytically in the following way: The Laplace operator is the infinitesimal generator for the Brownian semigroup and the Newtonian potential kernel is the" integral" of the Brownian semigroup with respect to time. This connection between classical potential theory and the theory of Brownian motion led Hunt (cf. Hunt [2]) to consider general "potential theories" defined in terms of certain stochastic processes or equivalently in terms of certain semi groups of operators on spaces of functions. The purpose of the present exposition is to study such general potential theories where the following aspects of classical potential theory are preserved: (i) The theory is defined on a locally compact abelian group. (ii) The theory is translation invariant in the sense that any translate of a potential or a harmonic function is again a potential, respectively a harmonic function; this property of classical potential theory can also be expressed by saying that the Laplace operator is a differential operator with constant co efficients.

Download or read book Coding Theorems of Information Theory written by J. Wolfowitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the present edition of this monograph is the same as that of earlier editions, namely, to provide readers with some mathemati cal maturity a rigorous and modern introduction to the ideas and principal theorems of probabilistic information theory. It is not necessary that readers have any prior knowledge whatever of information theory. The rapid development of the subject has had the consequence that any one book can now cover only a fraction of the literature. The latter is often written by engineers for engineers, and the mathematical reader may have some difficulty with it. The mathematician who understands the content and methods of this monograph should be able to read the literature and start on research of his own in a subject of mathematical beauty and interest. The present edition differs from the second in the following: Chapter 6 has been completely replaced by one on arbitrarily varying channels. Chapter 7 has been greatly enlarged. Chapter 8 on semi-continuous channels has been drastically shortened, and Chapter 11 on sequential decoding completely removed. The new Chapters 11-15 consist entirely of material which has been developed only in the last few years. The topics discussed are rate distortion, source coding, multiple access channels, and degraded broadcast channels. Even the specialist will find a new approach in the treatment of these subjects. Many of the proofs are new, more perspicuous, and considerably shorter than the original ones.

Download or read book Sums of Independent Random Variables written by V.V. Petrov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The classic "Limit Dislribntions fOT slt1ns of Independent Ramdorn Vari ables" by B.V. Gnedenko and A.N. Kolmogorov was published in 1949. Since then the theory of summation of independent variables has devel oped rapidly. Today a summing-up of the studies in this area, and their results, would require many volumes. The monograph by I.A. Ibragi mov and Yu. V. I~innik, "Independent and Stationarily Connected VaTiables", which appeared in 1965, contains an exposition of the contem porary state of the theory of the summation of independent identically distributed random variables. The present book borders on that of Ibragimov and Linnik, sharing only a few common areas. Its main focus is on sums of independent but not necessarily identically distri buted random variables. It nevertheless includes a number of the most recent results relating to sums of independent and identically distributed variables. Together with limit theorems, it presents many probahilistic inequalities for sums of an arbitrary number of independent variables. The last two chapters deal with the laws of large numbers and the law of the iterated logarithm. These questions were not treated in Ibragimov and Linnik; Gnedenko and KolmogoTOv deals only with theorems on the weak law of large numbers. Thus this book may be taken as complementary to the book by Ibragimov and Linnik. I do not, however, assume that the reader is familiar with the latter, nor with the monograph by Gnedenko and Kolmogorov, which has long since become a bibliographical rarity