Download or read book Some Factors Determining the Level of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Transmission by Aphids written by Gene Paul Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments were done to determine the effect of some factors on the level of transmission of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) by aphids. The effect of different source plant treatments, the effect of light on test plant susceptibility, and the effect of a second virus on the transmission of BYMV were tested. Effects from the first two factors would help explain the variation within and among experiments on the transmission of BYMV by aphids. The level of transmission of BYMV by aphids was not affected by the different amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, or manganese supplied the source plant. There was no effect on the level of transmission when the source plants were subjected to different light-temperature treatments which caused marked differences in plant growth. The presence of a second virus, white clover mosaic virus (WCMV), in the source plant had no effect on the transmission of BYMV by aphids. The effects of different photoperiods, light intensities, light spectrums, and post- and pre-inoculation light treatments on the susceptibility of the test plant to inoculation with BYMV by aphids was tested. Photoperiods of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 hours had no effect. There was no difference in the effects of one-fourth, half, three-fourths, and maximum light intensity. Light from lamps with different spectrums had no effect. Post-inoculation light or dark treatments had no effect on the susceptibility of the test plants to inoculation with BYMV by aphids. A pre-inoculation dark treatment of 12-18 hours or a three-minute to six-hour light treatment had an effect on test plant susceptibility to inoculation with BYMV by aphids. Pre-inoculation darkness reduced the susceptibility of the plant. WCMV was not transmitted by the green peach aphid from broad bean sources infected with both WCMV and BYMV. The pea aphid did not transmit WCMV from infected Ladino clover to disease-free Ladino clover. The alfalfa cultivars Talent, Du Puits, Lahontan, Lake Mountain, Ranger, and Grimm; and the white clover cultivars Ladino, Nora White, and New Zealand White were not susceptible to inoculation with BYMV by aphids.
Download or read book Factors Affecting Aphid Transmission of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus written by Warren Clifford Adlerz and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Intrinsic Factors in the Transmission of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Aphids written by Sardara Singh Sohi and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of the inherent transmissibility of the virus and of the inherent transmitting ability of aphids on the transmission of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) were studied along with four virus-vector relationships of BYMV and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.). In addition, investigations were made on the transmission of clover yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) by aphids and on the effects of temperature on the susceptibility of Lincoln pea to inoculation with bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) by M. persicae. All eight aphid species included in these tests transmitted BYMV. The aphids ranked in the order of descending efficiency of BYMV transmission as follows: Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thos.), Benton Co. (Oregon) clone of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), Aphis fabae Scop., Columbia Co. (Washington) clone of A. pisum, Macrosiphum rosae (L.), Therioaphis riehmi (Borner), Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kltb.) and Cavariella aegophodii (Scop.). Efficiency of transmission varied from 62 percent to 7 percent. B. helichrysi, C. aegopodii and T. riehmi have not previously been reported to transmit BYMV. Collections of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), from Oregon and Washington included biotypes differing in BYMV transmission, fecundity, body size and host preference. No differences were found among M. persicae clones. BYMV isolates differed in symptom expression and in the ease with which they were transmitted by aphids. Aphid transmissibility of BYMV was lost or greatly reduced following a single mechanical transfer. The vector-Iess isolate multiplied to the virtual exclusion of the aphid transmissible isolate when broad bean plants were inoculated simultaneously with both these isolates. Different areas of broad bean leaves were not equal as sources of BYMV for M. persicae. More aphids transmitted the virus from the interveinal chlorotic area than from the green areas along the veins. Post-inoculation temperature for 48-56 hours had a considerable influence on Lincoln pea susceptibility to BYMV infection by M. persicae inoculation. More plants were infected at 27 and 30°C than at 15, 18 or 24°C. Post-inoculation temperature treatment for 24 hours or less did not have any appreciable effect. Pre-inoculation temperature for 47-55 hours also considerably influenced plant susceptibility to BYMV infection by aphid inoculation. Twice as many plants were infected at 15°C as at 30°C. The effects of pre- and post-inoculation temperatures were not additive. The number of plants infected depended entirely on post-inoculation temperature. Artificial termination of acquisition probes did not have any appreciable effect on BYMV transmission by M. persicae. No significant differences in virus transmission were found for aphids with acquisition probes in the 11- to 45-second, range. Virus transmission increased with an increase in the number of test probes. Loss of BYMV by feeding M. persicae could be expressed exponentially. Half-Iife of the retention of virus by feeding aphids was about three minutes. Clover yellow mosaic virus could be easily confused with BYMV on the basis of symptom expression in Dwarf Horticultural and Bountiful cultivars of the bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., Pisum sativum L. cv. Lincoln, Vicia faba L. (secondary symptoms, especially on new sprouts), and in Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste and Reyn. (primary reaction). It was not transmitted by A. pisum, A. fabae, C. aegopodii, M. euphorbiae, M. rosae and M. persicae.
Download or read book Relation of Environment and Nutrition to Plant Susceptibility to Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Aphid Transmission written by Knud George Swenson and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Some Factors Affecting the Transmission of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus by the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon Pisum harris with Emphasis on the Inoculation Phase of the Transmission Cycle written by James Hsi-cho Tsai and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transmission Variation and Loss of Aphid Transmissibility of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus written by James A. Kamm and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) strains, presumably not transmissible by aphids, were studied to determine the biological and environmental conditions which would possibly result in aphid transmission of these strains. Investigations were made to study the effect of different aphid rearing conditions on the transmission frequency of BYMV. Also, the probing behavior of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) was studied in relation to transmission frequency of BYMV to test plants. Differences other than loss of transmissibility were found to account for the failure of aphids to transmit some BYMV strains. Five strains varied in ability to infect specific pea and bean varieties; all strains were aphid transmissible except BYMV III. BYMV I and II no longer produced systemic infection in Perfected Wales pea or Dwarf Horticultural bean although both strains produced local infection in inoculated leaves of Perfected Wales pea. Only BYMV y21 and III produced systemic infection in Dwarf Horticultural bean. The above changes in virus infectivity were attributed to virus mutation. Both Dwarf Horticultural bean and Perfected Wales pea are commonly used as differential hosts to identify legume viruses. BYMV and pea mosaic virus are distinguished only on the inability of pea mosaic virus to infect bean. Consequently, the validity of virus classification of legume viruses based on differential host reaction is questionable. In addition to the above variation, BYMV I and II required a high post-inoculation temperature to produce infection in Blue Lake bean; other strains were not affected under the same conditions. The host range of BYMV I, II, III, and IV was the same in the plants: Trifolium pretense L., Crotolaria spectabilis Roth., Trifolium subterranean L. variety Yarloop, Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste and Reyn., Glycine max (L.) Merr. variety Lincoln, Melilotus alba Desr., and Pisumm sativum L. variety Lincoln. BYMV III, maintained by mechanical transfer since 1963, was not transmitted to ten plant species in attempts with over 5000 aphids. Myzus persicae (Sulzer) failed to transmit BYMV III from five different species or varieties of source plants. This was interpreted as evidence that virus acquisition by aphids, due to the source plant, was not involved in loss of aphid transmissibility of BYMV III. Five aphid species and ten test plant species were used in an attempt to find a vector-host plant combination which would result in aphid transmission of BYMV III. Macrosiphm albifrons Essig and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) finally transmitted BYMV III to Crotolaria spectabilis Roth. This was the first transmission of BYMV III after attempts with more than 5000 aphids. The return of aphid transmissibility in BYMV III could be explained only on the basis of virus mutation. Indirect evidence from two experiments suggested that aphid transmissible and non-transmissible forms of BYMV III were present in the stock culture when Macrosiphum albifrons first transmitted BYMV III. Aphids transmitted the isolate first transmitted by Macrosiphum albifrons at a higher frequency than the stock culture of BYMV III. A subsequent experiment indicated that almost any aphid would transmit BYMV III after return of aphid transmissibility. Transmission of BYMV IV by aphids reared on Chinese cabbage was compared to that of aphids reared on a chemically defined diet. The trend in frequency of transmission implied that aphids reared on the artificial diet were inferior in transmission of BYMV IV. The probing behavior of Myzus persicae on Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris was evaluated in relation to the transmission frequency of BYMV. Plant susceptibility of pea and bean was the same. Aphids made 40 percent more probes on bean than on pea in a 15 minute observation period. However, increased transmission to bean was not reflected by the greater number of probes. There was no evidence that transmission of BYMV was affected by observed differences in the probing behavior of Myzus persicae.
Download or read book The Influence of Several Factors on Behavior and Subsequent Transmission of Bean Common Mosaic Virus by the Green Peach Aphid written by Francis William Zettler and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Susceptibility of Peas to Aphid Inoculation with Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus written by Richard Elroy Welton and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of soil moisture, mineral nutrition and temperature on the susceptibility of peas to inoculation with bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) by the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulz.) were investigated along with three vector-virus relationships. In addition, a comparative study was made of two methods of evaluating susceptibility of slants to inoculation with virus by aphids. A more accurate method of estimating plant susceptibility to inoculation with virus by aphids is proposed. With this method, the aphid is allowed to probe only once on a test plant rather than spending; its entire infective feeding period on the plant. There was no statistically significant difference between the susceptibility of plants grown in very moist soil and the susceptibility of plants grown in very dry soil even though the plants in the dry soil were strikingly dwarfed. Additions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the soil at the time of planting had no effect on the susceptibility of Lincoln and Perfected Wales peas to inoculation with BYMV by aphids even though these treatments resulted in large increases in the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil and plants. The addition of calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc chelates to the soil had no effect on the susceptibility of Lincoln peas to inoculation with BYMV by aphids. There was an increase in susceptibility of Lincoln peas to inoculation with BYMV by aphids with decrease in preinoculation temperature over a range of 15° to 36° C. Regression analysis indicated the increase was linear and amounted to approximately a six percent increase in susceptibility for each degree centigrade decrease in temperature. Plants grown at postinoculation temperatures below 24° were less susceptible than plants grown at 246. Plant susceptibility was greater at a postinoculation temperature of 30° than at 24°. Initial work indicated the effects of preinoculation and postinoculation temperatures were not additive. No significant differences in virus transmission were found for aphids with acquisition probes in the 11- to 45-second range. Increase in test probe time resulted in increase in virus transmission over a 6- to 60-second range, the major increase occurring after 35 seconds. In an experiment on the retention of BYMV by feeding aphids, the transmission decreased from an initial level of 74% to 4% after a 15-minute feeding.
Download or read book Factors Affecting the Susceptibility of Bean Plants to Inoculation with Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus written by Sardara Singh Sohi and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pesticides Documentation Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Transmission of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus by Some Strains of the Aphid Myzus Persicae Sulzer written by Gene Paul Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliografia Frijol written by IICA (Costa Rica). Centro Interamericano de Documentación e Información Agrícola and published by Bib. Orton IICA / CATIE. This book was released on with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliograf a frijol Phaseolus spp written by and published by IICA Biblioteca Venezuela. This book was released on with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Partial Purification and Serological Analysis of Aphid Transmissible and Non Aphid Transmissible Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus Isolates written by Kenneth Anthony Kukorowski and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliografia Sobre Frijol de Costa written by and published by IICA Biblioteca Venezuela. This book was released on with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 1760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book OSU Theses and Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
