Download or read book Crystal Symmetries written by B. K. Vainshtein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-07-26 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal Symmetries is a timely account of the progress in the most diverse fields of crystallography. It presents a broad overview of the theory of symmetry and contains state of the art reports of its modern directions and applications to crystal physics and crystal properties. Geometry takes a special place in this treatise. Structural aspects of phase transitions, correlation of structure and properties, polytypism, modulated structures, and other topics are discussed. Applications of important techniques, such as X-ray crystallography, biophysical studies, EPR spectroscopy, crystal optics, and nuclear solid state physics, are represented. Contains 30 research and review papers.
Download or read book Theory and Practice of Direct Methods in Crystallography written by M. F. C. Ladd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct methods of crystal structure determination are usually associated with techniques in which phases for a set of structure factors are determined from the corresponding experimental amplitudes by probabilistic calcula tions. It is thus implied that such ab initio phase calculations do not require a knowledge of atomic positions, and this basis distinguishes direct methods from other techniques for structure determination. An acceptably wider interpretation of the term direct methods leads to other important applica tions involving, inter alia, the use of heavy atoms, resolution-limited phase data for large molecules, rotation functions, and Fourier series. These topics are discussed in the later chapters of this book. Although some earlier theoretical investigations were made by Harker and Kaspar, direct methods may be considered to have begun around the year 1950. Important landmarks in the development of the subject include the book by Hauptmann and Karle, The Centrosymmetric Crystal (1953), the definitive paper by Karle and Karle in Acta Crystallographica (1966), and the recent (1978) sophisticated program package MULTAN 78 produced mainly by Germain, Main, and Woolfson. Woolfson's book, Direct Methods in Crystallography, was published in 1961, but because of the rapid progress in direct methods, much of it soon became outmoded. It is interesting to note that direct methods nearly came into being many years earlier. Certainly the E2 relationship was used implicitly by Lonsdale in 1928 in determining the crystal structure of hexamethylbenzene.
Download or read book Part I The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Dimethoxyporphinato Ge IV Part II Three Dimensional Study of alpha Chymotrypsin at PH 8 7 and 2 7 with Difference Fourier Method written by Aristides Mavridis and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Macromolecular Crystallography written by Charles W. Carter and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Accurate molecular structures is vital for rational drug design and for structure based functional studies directed toward the development of effective therapeutic agents and drugs. Crystallography can reliably predict structure, both in terms of folding and atomic details of bonding. * Phases * Map interpretation and refinement * Analysis and software.
Download or read book Computing Methods in Crystallography written by J. S. Rollett and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-06-06 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computing Methods in Crystallography is a collection of lectures delivered at a Summer School, held in Oxford in August 1962. The book presents the underlying mathematics and computing methods in crystallography. The text covers topics on the algebra required for the fundamental operations of transformation of coordinates, interpolation, approximation of trigonometric and exponential functions, solution of linear equations and derivation of latent roots and vectors; methods for calculation of structure factors, least-squares adjustment, and Fourier series evaluation; the theory and practice of intensity scaling and symmetry determination; and methods of direct phase determination. Crystallographers, physicists, and students in allied fields will find the book very useful.
Download or read book Macromolecular Crystallography Part A written by Charles W. Carter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1997-02-12 with total page 746 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. More than 270 volumes have been published (all of them still in print) and much of the material is relevant even today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences. Crystal Growth Phase Determination Instrumentation and Data Collection Model Building Refinement
Download or read book Electron Crystallography written by Xiaodong Zou and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-18 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the modern world of ever smaller devices and nanotechnology, electron crystallography emerges as the most important method capable of determining the structure of minute objects down to the size of individual atoms. Crystals of only a few millionths of a millimetre are studied. This is the first textbook explaining how this is done. Great attention is given to symmetry in crystals and how it manifests itself in electron microscopy and electron diffraction, and how this symmetry can be determined and taken advantage of in achieving improved electron microscopy images and solving crystal structures from electron diffraction patterns. Theory and practice are combined; experimental images, diffraction patterns, formulae and numerical data are discussed in parallel, giving the reader a complete understanding of what goes on inside the "black boxes" of computer programs. This up-to-date textbook contains the newest techniques in electron crystallography, including detailed descriptions and explanations of the recent remarkable successes in determining the very complex structures of zeolites and intermetallics. The controversial issue of whether there is phase information present in electron micrsocopy images or not is also resolved once and for all. The extensive appendices include computer labs which have been used at various courses at Stockholm University and international schools in electron crystallography, with applications to the textbook. Students can download image processing programs and follow these lab instructions to get a hands-on experience of electron crystallography.
Download or read book Science of Crystal Structures written by Istvan Hargittai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-09 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume which includes entries on quasicrystals, icosahedral packing, other packing considerations, extended structures, data treatment and data mining is presented by luminaries from the crystallography community. Several of the contributions are from the schools of such trend-setting crystallographers as J. Desmond Bernal and Aleksandr I. Kitaigorodskii. Internationally renowned scientists contributed such as Tom L. Blundell, Johann Jacob Burckhardt, John L. Finney, Jenny P. Glusker, Nobel laureate Herbert A. Hauptman, the 2014 Ewald-Prize winner A. Janner, Aminoff-Prize winner Isabella Karle, Nobel laureate Jerome Karle, Buckley-Prize winner Alan L. Mackay, Ewald-Prize winner David Sayre, Vladimir Shevchenko, and J. Fraser Stoddart. A few frontier topics dominate the selected material. Pioneers of the direct methods describe the phase problem and how it was solved, including the mathematical approach and the utilization of experience with gas-phase electron diffraction. The reviews by Herbert Hauptman, Jerome and Isabella Karle, and David Sayre reach to the present day in assessing the possibilities of X-ray crystallography. Another focus topic is the investigation of systems that are outside the so-called classical system of crystals. They include quasicrystals, imperfect and very small crystals, supramolecular species, crystal structures without lattice, clusters, nanomaterials among others. Application of synchrotron and cryoprotection techniques, the free-electron laser flash technique and others are mentioned in addition to X-ray crystallography. The relationship between structural and materials properties are examined and uncovered. The broader topics of the so-called generalized crystallography include polymers, clusters, polydisperse chain assemblies, and giant icosahedral fullerenes. There are some key contributions related to the structural investigation of biological macromolecules.
Download or read book Acta Crystallographica written by and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uniting Electron Crystallography and Powder Diffraction written by Ute Kolb and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-20 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polycrystalline and nanocrystalline states play an increasingly important role in exploiting the properties of materials, encompassing applications as diverse as pharmaceuticals, catalysts, solar cells and energy storage. A knowledge of the three-dimensional atomic and molecular structure of materials is essential for understanding and controlling their properties, yet traditional single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods lose their power when only polycrystalline and nanocrystalline samples are available. It is here that powder diffraction and single-crystal electron diffraction techniques take over, substantially extending the range of applicability of the crystallographic principles of structure determination. This volume, a collection of teaching contributions presented at the Crystallographic Course in Erice in 2011, clearly describes the fundamentals and the state-of-the-art of powder diffraction and electron diffraction methods in materials characterisation, encompassing a diverse range of disciplines and materials stretching from archeometry to zeolites. As such, it is a comprehensive and valuable resource for those wishing to gain an understanding of the broad applicability of these two rapidly developing fields.
Download or read book Part I the Crystal and Molecular Structure of Tetra n propylporphine Part II N formyl l phenylalanine ga s chymotrypsin Complex the Effect of Binding of a Competitive Inhibitor Substrate like Molecule written by Penelope Wixson Codding and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Direct Methods for Solving Macromolecular Structures written by S. Fortier and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book of the proceedings of the 1997 NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) on Direct Methods for Solving Macromolecular Structures was assembled from the lecturers' contributions and represents a comprehensive and in-depth overview of crystallographic structure determination methods for macromolecules. While having a focus based on the direct methods, the Institute adopted an inclusive and broad perspective. Thus, both direct and experimental phasing techniques are presented in this book, highlighting their complementarities and synergies. As weil, methodologies spanning the full crystallographic image reconstruction process - from low resolution envelope definition to high resolution atomic refinement- are discussed. The first part of the book introduces the array of tools currently used in structure determination, whether originating from a mathematical, computational or experimental framework. This section of the book displays the variety and ingenuity of old and new phasing approaches developed to solve increasingly complex structures. Some of the contributions focus on recent developments and/or implementations that have given older approaches a new life. A case in point is the re-implementation of Buerger's superposition approach, which is now solving protein structures. Another beautiful example is found in the introduction to the traditional multiple isomorphous replacement approach where new techniques, such as site-directed mutagenesis and the use of inert gases in the preparation of heavy atom derivatives, are described. Equally impressive are the presentations of newer approaches, which take advantage of advances on the experimental front (e. g.
Download or read book Structural Crystallography in Chemistry and Biology written by Jenny Pickworth Glusker and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Frontiers of Chemistry written by Keith J. Laidler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontiers of Chemistry reviews the plenary and keynote lectures presented in the 28th International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Congress. The book discusses the future development and applications of chemistry. The text is divided into two main parts, where the first part covers the plenary lectures and the second part covers the keynote lectures. Part 2 is organized into sections, according to contents, such as the role of chemistry in the solution of energy problems; the study of the environment; and the beneficiation of resources. The book will be of great interest to chemists, since it tackles topics that are significant in the advancement of the field of chemistry.
Download or read book Direct Methods of Solving Crystal Structures written by Henk Schenk and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the 18th course of the International School of Crystallography, held April 1990, in Erice, Italy. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Solution of the Phase Problem I The Centrosystemmetric Crystal written by Herbert Aaron Hauptman and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern X Ray Analysis on Single Crystals written by Peter Luger and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
