Download or read book Solar Cells Based on Colloidal Nanocrystals written by Holger Borchert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a new system of solar cells. Colloidal nanocrystals possess many physical and chemical properties which can be manipulated by advanced control over structural features like the particle size. One application field is photovoltaics where colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are explored as components of photo-active layers which can be produced from liquid media, often in combination with conductive polymers. The further development of this interdisciplinary field of research requires a deep understanding of the physics and chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals, conducting polymers and photovoltaic devices. This book aims at bridging gaps between the involved scientific disciplines and presents important fundamentals and the current state of research of relevant materials and different types of nanoparticle-based solar cells. The book will be of interest to researchers and PhD students. Moreover, it may also serve to accompany specialized lectures in related areas.

Download or read book Energy Transfer from Colloidal Nanocrystals Into Silicon Substrates written by Hue Minh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integration of organic and inorganic materials at the nanoscale offers the possibility of developing new photonic devices that could potentially combine the advantages of both classes of materials. Such optoelectronic structures could work both in photovoltaic as well as in light emitting modes depending on the direction of non-radiative exciton energy transfer (NRET). Physical principles of the hybrid systems were studied systematically in the structures consisting of a monolayer of the colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) grafted on hydrogenated Si surfaces via carboxydecyl linkers. Such an approach allowed us to passivate Si surfaces to suppress non-radiative surface state defects ( Ns

Download or read book Nanocrystal Solar Cells written by Ilan Gur and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Colloidal Quantum Dot Optoelectronics and Photovoltaics written by Gerasimos Konstantatos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Captures the most up-to-date research in the field, written in an accessible style by the world's leading experts.

Download or read book New Materials for Nanocrystal Solar Cells written by Delia Jane Milliron and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanoparticles written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloidal Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications is a one-stop reference for anyone with an interest in the fundamentals, synthesis and applications of this interesting materials system. The book presents a simple, effective and detailed discussion on colloidal metal oxide nanoparticles. It begins with a general introduction of colloidal metal oxide nanoparticles, then delves into the most relevant synthesis pathways, stabilization procedures, and synthesis and characterization techniques. Final sections discuss promising applications, including bioimaging, biosensing, diagnostic, and energy applications—i.e., solar cells, supercapacitors and environment applications—i.e., the treatment of contaminated soil, water purification and waste remediation. Provides the most comprehensive resource on the topic, from fundamentals, to synthesis and characterization techniques Presents key applications, including biomedical, energy, electronic and environmental Discusses the most relevant techniques for synthesis, patterning and characterization

Download or read book Colloidal Nanocrystal Assemblies written by Brian William Goodfellow and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colloidal nanocrystal assemblies offer an attractive opportunity for designer metamaterials. The ability to permute chemical composition, size, shape, and arrangement of nanocrystals leads to an astounding number of unique materials properties that find use in an extensive array of applications---ranging from solar cells to medicine. However, to take full advantage of these materials in useful applications, the nature of their assembly and their behavior under external stimuli must be well understood. Additionally, the assembly of colloidal nanocrystals into thin films provides a promising pathway to the solution-processing of inorganic materials that are prohibitively too expensive and/or difficult to deposit by conventional methods. Nanocrystal superlattices (NCSLs) of sterically stabilized nanocrystals were assembled by slow evaporation of colloidal dispersions on various substrates. Detailed analysis of the NCSL structures was carried out using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Body-centered cubic (bcc) NCSLs, in particular, were studied in detail and ligand packing frustration was proposed as a significant driving force for their assembly. The behavior of NCSLs was also studied by SAXS under mild heating and solvent vapor exposure revealing several remarkable order-order, order-disorder, and amorphous-crystalline structural transitions. Colloidal Cu(In [subscript 1-x] Ga [subscript x])Se2 (CIGS) nanocrystals were synthesized by arrested precipitation and formulated into inks. These inks were spray deposited into thin films under ambient conditions to serve as the active light absorbing material in printed low-cost photovoltaic (PV) devices. These devices, which were fabricated without the need for high temperature processes, have achieved power conversion efficiencies above 3 % under AM1.5 illumination. While the efficiencies of these devices are still too low for commercial viability, this work does provide a proof of concept that reasonable efficient solar cells can be created with a low-cost printable process using nanocrystal inks. Since high temperatures are not used to form the light-absorbing layer, nanocrystal-based solar cells were built on flexible light weight plastic substrates. The main obstacle to achieving high power conversation efficiencies was found to be the ability to extract the photo induced charge carriers. Nanocrystal films suffer from poor transport that leads to high recombination rates in thicker films. To date, the best efficiencies have been achieved with thin light absorber layers that only absorb a fraction of the incident light.

Download or read book Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals Based Solar Cells written by Nir Yaacobi-Gross and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Semiconductor Nanocrystals written by Alexander L. Efros and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A physics book that covers the optical properties of quantum-confined semiconductor nanostructures from both the theoretical and experimental points of view together with technological applications. Topics to be reviewed include quantum confinement effects in semiconductors, optical adsorption and emission properties of group IV, III-V, II-VI semiconductors, deep-etched and self assembled quantum dots, nanoclusters, and laser applications in optoelectronics.

Download or read book Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Kentaro Ito and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material scarcity and toxicity issues. The device performance of CZTS-based thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels (10%). These achievements prove that CZTS-based solar cells have the potential to be used for large-scale deployment of photovoltaics. With contributions from leading researchers from academia and industry, many of these authors have contributed to the improvement of its efficiency, and have rich experience in preparing a variety of semiconducting thin films for solar cells.

Download or read book Photovoltaic Solar Energy written by Wilfried van Sark and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-07-29 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Thoroughly updated overview of photovoltaic technology, from materials to modules and systems Volume 2 of Photovoltaic Solar Energy provides fundamental and contemporary knowledge about various photovoltaic technologies in the framework of material science, device physics of solar cells, chemistry for manufacturing, engineering of PV modules, and the design aspects of photovoltaic applications, with the aim of informing the reader about the basic knowledge of each aspect of photovoltaic technologies and applications in the context of the most recent advances in science and engineering. The text is written by leading specialists for each topic in a concise manner and includes the most recent references for deeper study. Moreover, the book gives insights into possible future developments in the field of photovoltaics. The book builds on the success of Volume 1 of Photovoltaic Solar Energy, which was published by Wiley in January 2017. As science and technology is progressing fast in some areas of photovoltaics, several topics needed to be readdressed. Volume 2 also covers some basic aspects of the subject that were not addressed in Volume 1. Sample topics covered in Photovoltaic Solar Energy include: Solar Irradiance Resources Crystalline Silicon Technologies (Cz Ingots, TOPCon, Heterojunction, Passivating contacts, Hydrogenation and Carrier Induced Degradation) Perovskite and Tandem solar cells Characterization and Measurements PV Modules PV Systems and Applications (integration in buildings, agriculture, water, vehicles) Sustainability Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject, Photovoltaic Solar Energy is an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate students in science or engineering, young professionals in PV research or the PV industry, professors, teachers, and PV specialists who want to receive updated information. A scientific or engineering degree is a prerequisite.

Download or read book Colloidal Synthesis of Nanocrystal Particles for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Joseph Francis Varga and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells written by Hui Huang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delivers a comprehensive evaluation of organic and hybrid solar cells and identifies their fundamental principles and numerous applications. Great attention is given to the charge transport mechanism, donor and acceptor materials, interfacial materials, alternative electrodes, device engineering and physics, and device stability. The authors provide an industrial perspective on the future of photovoltaic technologies.

Download or read book High Performance Thin Film Solar Cells Via Nanoscale Interface written by Yao-Tsung Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been 64 years since Bell Laboratories built the first silicon solar cell in 1954. The harnessing of the almost unlimited energy from the sun for human civilization seems not an untouchable dream anymore. However, the rapid growth of the global population companied with the growing demand to enable a decent life quality causes the energy issue more challenging than ever. Nowadays silicon solar cells continue to take a leading position, not only offering potential solutions for energy demands but also stimulating the development of various photovoltaic technologies. Among them, solution processible thin film solar cells attract most attentions due to multiple advantages over traditional silicon solar cells. In this dissertation, I focus on two most promising types of them: 1) kesterite solar cells and 2) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Particularly I work on the grain growth mechanism and processing techniques via nanoscale interface engineering to improve materials thin film properties and device architecture design. In Chapter 3, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 was used as a model system to demonstrate the kinetic control of solid-gas reactions at nanoscale by manipulating the surface chemistry of both sol-gel nanoparticles and colloidal nanocrystals. It was identified that thiourea (commonly used as sulfur sources for metal sulfides) can transform to melamine during the film formation, and melamine would serve as surface ligands for as-formed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 nanoparticles. These surface ligands can affect the solid-gas reactions during the selenization, which enable us to control film morphologies and device performance by simply adjusting the amount of surface ligands. To further enhance Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 device performance, a systematic investigation on alkali metal doping effect was conducted. In Chapter 4, alkali metal-containing precursors were used to study influences on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 film morphology, crystallinity and electronic properties. K-doped Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells showed the best device performance. Due to the surface electronic inversion effect, various thickness of CdS buffer layers were tested on K-passivated Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 surface for further improving device efficiency. Over 8% power conversion efficiency of K-doped Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cell with 35 nm CdS has been reached. Finally, in Chapter 5, the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells are introduced. We demonstrated a novel tandem device employing nanoscale interface engineering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surface alongside a heavy-doped poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] hole transporting layer between the two subcells that preserves open-circuit voltage, and enhanced both fill factor and short-circuit current. As a result, we have successfully doubled the previous efficiency record for a monolithic perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 tandem solar cell to 22.43% power conversion efficiency, which is the highest record among thin film monolithic tandem photovoltaic devices. The conclusion and future outlooks of my works on kesterite and perovskites solar cells are summarized in Chapter 6.

Download or read book Printable Solar Cells written by Nurdan Demirci Sankir and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-01 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printable Solar Cells The book brings together the recent advances, new and cutting edge materials from solution process and manufacturing techniques that are the key to making photovoltaic devices more efficient and inexpensive. Printable Solar Cells provides an overall view of the new and highly promising materials and thin film deposition techniques for printable solar cell applications. The book is organized in four parts. Organic and inorganic hybrid materials and solar cell manufacturing techniques are covered in Part I. Part II is devoted to organic materials and processing technologies like spray coating. This part also demonstrates the key features of the interface engineering for the printable organic solar cells. The main focus of Part III is the perovskite solar cells, which is a new and promising family of the photovoltaic applications. Finally, inorganic materials and solution based thin film formation methods using these materials for printable solar cell application is discussed in Part IV. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields, in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical and manufacturing engineering.

Download or read book Nanomaterials Polymers and Devices written by E. S. W. Kong and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-04-13 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing an eclectic snapshot of the current state of the art and future implications of the field, Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Devices: Materials Functionalization and Device Fabrication presents topics grouped into three categorical focuses: The synthesis, mechanism and functionalization of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, silica, and quantum dots Various functional devices which properties and structures are tailored with emphasis on nanofabrication. Among discussed are light emitting diodes, nanophotonic, nano-optical, and photovoltaic devices Nanoelectronic devices, which include semiconductor, nanotube and nanowire-based electronics, single-walled carbon-nanotube based nanoelectronics, as well as thin-film transistors

Download or read book Photovoltaic Devices Based on Cu In1 xGax Se2 Nanocrystal Inks written by Vahid Atar Akhavan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells have exhibited single junction power conversion efficiencies above 20% and have been commercialized. The large scale production of CIGS solar cells, however, is hampered by the relatively high cost and poor stoichiometric control of coevaporating tertiary and quaternary semiconductors in high vacuum. To reduce the overall cost of production, CIGS nanocrystals with predetermined stoichiometry and crystal phase were synthesized in solution. Colloidal nanocrystals of CIGS provide a novel route for production of electronic devices. Colloidal nanocrystals combine the well understood device physics of inorganic crystalline semiconductors with the solution processability of amorphous organic semiconductors. This approach reduces the overall cost of CIGS manufacturing and can be used to fabricate solar cells on flexible and light-weight plastic substrates. As deposited CIGS nanocrystal solar cells were fabricated by ambient spray-deposition. Devices with efficiencies of 3.1% under AM1.5 illumination were fabricated. Examining the external and internal quantum efficiency spectrums of the devices reveal that in nanocrystal devices only the space charge region is actively contributing to the extracted photocurrent. The device efficiency of the as-deposited nanocrystal films is presently limited by the small crystalline grains (H"15 nm) in the absorber layer and the relatively large interparticle spacing due to the organic capping ligands on the nanocrystal surfaces. Small grains and large interparticle spacing limits high density extraction of electrons and holes from the nanocrystal film. A Mott-Schottky estimation of the space charge region reveals that only 50 nm depth of the nanocrystalline absorber is effectively contributing to the photogenerated current. One strategy to improve charge collection involves increased space charge region for extraction by vertical stacking of diodes. A much longer absorption path for the photons exists in the space charge region with the stacked devices, increasing the probability that the incident radiation is absorbed and then extracted. This method enables an increase in the collected short circuit current. The overall device efficiency, however, suffers with the increased series resistance and shunt conductance of the device. Growth of nanocrystal grains was deemed necessary to achieve power conversion efficiencies comparable to vapor deposited CIGS films. Simple thermal treatment of the nanocrystal layers did not contribute to the growth of the crystalline grain size. At the same time, because of the loss of selenium and increased trap density in the absorber layer, there was a measurable decrease in device efficiency with thermal processing. For increased grain size, the thermal treatment of the absorber layer took place in presence of compensating amounts of selenium vapor. The process of selenization, as it is called, took place at 500°C in a graphite box and led to an increase of the grain size from 15 nm to several microns in diameter. Devices with the increased grain size yielded efficiencies up to 5.1% under AM1.5 radiation. Mott-Schottky analysis of the selenized films revealed a reduction in doping density and a comparable increase in the space-charge region depth with the increased grain size. The increased collection combined with the much higher carrier mobility in the larger grains led to achieved Jsc values greater than 20 mA/cm2. Light beam induced current microscopy (LBIC) maps of the devices with selenized absorber layers revealed significant heterogeneity in photogenerated current. Distribution of current hotspots in the film corresponded with highly selenized regions of the absorber films. In an effort to improve the overall device efficiency, improvements in the selenization process are necessary. It was determined that the selenization procedure is dependent on the selenization temperature and processing environment. Meanwhile, the reactor geometry and nanocrystal inks composition played important roles in determining selenized film morphology and the resulting device efficiency. Further work is necessary to optimize all the parameters to improve device efficiency even further.