Download or read book Socrates and the State written by Richard Kraut and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-08 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fresh outlook on Socrates' political philosophy in Plato's early dialogues argues that it is both more subtle and less authoritarian than has been supposed. Focusing on the Crito, Richard Kraut shows that Plato explains Socrates' refusal to escape from jail and his acceptance of the death penalty as arising not from a philosophy that requires blind obedience to every legal command but from a highly balanced compromise between the state and the citizen. In addition, Professor Kraut contends that our contemporary notions of civil disobedience and generalization arguments are not present in this dialogue.
Download or read book Socrates and the Political Community written by Mary P. Nichols and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1987-07-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a fresh look at Socrates as he appeared to three ancient writers: Aristophanes, who attacked him for his theoretical studies; Plato, who immortalized him in his dialogues; and Aristotle, who criticized his political views. It addresses the questions of the interrelation of politics and philosophy by looking at Aristophanes' Clouds, Plato's Republic, and Book II of Aristotle's Politics—three sides of a debate on the value of Socrates' philosophic life. Mary Nichols first discusses the relation between Aristophanes and Plato, showing that the city as Socrates' place of activity in the Republic resembles the philosophic thinktank mocked in Aristophanes' Clouds. By representing the extremes of the Republic's city, Plato shows that the dangers attributed by Aristophanes to the city are actually inherent in political life itself. They were to be moderated by Socratic political philosophy rather than Aristophanean comedy. Nichols concludes by showing how Aristotle addressed the question at issue between Plato and Aristophanes when he founded his political science. Judging Plato's and Aristophanes' positions as partial, Nichols argues that Aristotle based his political science on the necessity to philosophy of political involvement and the necessity to politics of philosophical thought.
Download or read book Socrates Dissatisfied written by Roslyn Weiss and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the author contends that contrary to prevailing notions, Plato's 'Crito' does not show an allegiance between Socrates & the state that condemned him. Weiss brings to light numerous indications that Socrates & the Laws are not partners.
Download or read book Socratic Rationalism and Political Philosophy written by Paul Stern and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1993-08-20 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new interpretation of Plato's Phaedo, Paul Stern considers the dialogue as an invaluable source for understanding the distinctive character of Socratic rationalism. First, he demonstrates, contrary to the charge of such thinkers as Nietzsche, Heidegger, and Rorty, that Socrates' rationalism does not rest on the dogmatic presumption of the rationality of nature. Second, he shows that the distinctively Socratic mode of philosophizing is formulated precisely with a view to vindicating the philosophic life in the face of these uncertainties. And finally, he argues that this vindication results in a mode of inquiry that finds its ground in a clear understanding of the problematical but enduring human situation. Stern concludes that Socratic rationalism, aware as it is of the limits of reason, still provides a nondogmatic and nonarbitrary basis for human understanding.
Download or read book The Trial and Death of Socrates written by Plato and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-08-17 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Trial and Death of Socrates includes the four Platonic dialogues Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo.
Download or read book The Death of Socrates and the Life of Philosophy written by Peter J. Ahrensdorf and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shows that the dialogue in Plato's Phaedo is primarily devoted to presenting Socrates' final defense of the philosophical life against the theoretical and political challenge of religion.
Download or read book Socrates written by Luis E. Navia and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2009-12-02 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosopher Luis E. Navia presents a compelling portrayal of Socrates in this very readable and well-researched book, which is both a biography of the man and an exploration of his ideas.
Download or read book Why Socrates Died written by Robin Waterfield and published by Emblem Editions. This book was released on 2010-05-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revisionist account of the most famous trial and execution in Western civilization — one with great resonance for modern society In the spring of 399 BCE, the elderly philosopher Socrates stood trial in his native Athens. The court was packed, and after being found guilty by his peers, Socrates died by drinking a cup of poison hemlock, his execution a defining moment in ancient civilization. Yet time has transmuted the facts into a fable. Aware of these myths, Robin Waterfield has examined the actual Greek sources, presenting a new Socrates, not an atheist or guru of a weird sect, but a deeply moral thinker, whose convictions stood in stark relief to those of his former disciple, Alcibiades, the hawkish and self-serving military leader. Refusing to surrender his beliefs even in the face of death, Socrates, as Waterfield reveals, was determined to save a morally decayed country that was tearing itself apart. Why Socrates Died is then not only a powerful revisionist book, but a work whose insights translate clearly from ancient Athens to the present day.
Download or read book Socrates in the Boardroom written by Amanda H. Goodall and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009-09-28 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why top scholars make the best university leaders Socrates in the Boardroom argues that world-class scholars, not administrators, make the best leaders of research universities. Amanda Goodall cuts through the rhetoric and misinformation swirling around this contentious issue—such as the assertion that academics simply don't have the managerial expertise needed to head the world's leading schools—using hard evidence and careful, dispassionate analysis. She shows precisely why experts need leaders who are experts like themselves. Goodall draws from the latest data on the world's premier research universities along with in-depth interviews with top university leaders both past and present, including University of Pennsylvania President Amy Gutmann; Derek Bok and Lawrence Summers, former presidents of Harvard University; John Hood, former vice chancellor of the University of Oxford; Cornell University President David Skorton; and many others. Goodall explains why the most effective leaders are those who have deep expertise in what their organizations actually do. Her findings carry broad implications for the management of higher education, and she demonstrates that the same fundamental principle holds true for other important business sectors as well. Experts, not managers, make the best leaders. Read Socrates in the Boardroom and learn why.
Download or read book The Republic written by Plato and published by The Floating Press. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic is Plato's most famous work and one of the seminal texts of Western philosophy and politics. The characters in this Socratic dialogue - including Socrates himself - discuss whether the just or unjust man is happier. They are the philosopher-kings of imagined cities and they also discuss the nature of philosophy and the soul among other things.
Download or read book Missing Socrates written by Jay Farness and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 1991-04-08 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plato's conversations of Socrates are among the most accessible philosophical texts most of us have ever read, yet the more one pursues the art or intelligibility of this writing, the more mysterious and paradoxical the Platonic texts become. What does it mean to study Plato, not philosophically as a maker of arguments, not poetically as a maker of dialogues, but literally as a maker of texts? This is a question that Jacques Derrida has made his own, and in this book Farness creates a dialogue with Derrida on Plato's texts. Missing Socrates also provides a dialogue between Plato and Socrates on the question of speech versus writing and a study of the materiality of Plato's writing. Included among the various dialogues and themes developed here are rhetoric and courtroom practice in the Apology of Socrates; religion, skepticism, and the idea of transcendence in the Euthyphro; artistic practice and tradition in the Ion; education and political discipline in the Charmides; and rhetoric, writing, commemoration, and the motives of authorship in Phaedrus. In each of these discursive settings, Socrates unsuccessfully seeks a place or a mode for philosophy; Farness shows that the dialogues of Plato uncannily supply that lack.
Download or read book Socrates Discursive Democracy written by Gerald M. Mara and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1997-02-27 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the speeches and actions of the Platonic Socrates, this book argues that Plato's political philosophy is a crucial source for reflection on the hazards and possibilities of democratic politics.
Download or read book The Sacrifice of Socrates written by Wm. Blake Tyrrell and published by MSU Press. This book was released on 2012-10-01 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Athenians suffered the shame of having lost a war from their own greed and foolishness, around 404 BCE the public’s blame was directed at Socrates, a man whose unique appearance and behavior, as well as his disapproval of the democracy, made him a ready target. Socrates was subsequently put on trial and sentenced to death. However, as René Girard has pointed out, no individual can be held responsible for a communal crisis. Plato’s Apology depicts Socrates as both the bane and the cure of Greek society, while his Crito shows a sacrificial Socrates, what some might consider a pharmakos figure, the human drug through whom Plato can dispense his philosophical remedies. With tremendous insight and satisfying complexity, this book analyzes classical texts through the lens of Girard’s mimetic mechanism.
Download or read book The City State of the Soul written by Kevin Crotty and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The City-State of the Soul: Self-Constitution in Plato’s Republicexplores Plato’s idea that the moral life consists in the founding of one’s own soul. This insight is central to the long argument of the Republic and, in particular, to the complex relation between the city and the human soul. This fruitful picture of the moral life, however, has not received the attention it deserves. As Kevin M. Crotty argues, Plato’s distinctive insight is that justice is above all a creative force. Plato presents justice not as a relation amongst fully formed individuals, but rather as the quality that galvanizes a diverse welter of disparate parts into a coherent entity (above all, a soul or a city). Justice, then, is the virtue most closely associated with being—the source of its philosophical stature. Plato presents a conception of justice meant to impress the young, bright and ambitious as a noble pursuit, and a task worthy of their best talents. The City-State of the Soul is written for anyone interested in the Republic, including but not limited to students and scholars of ancient philosophy, political philosophy, ethics, and ancient Greek literature.
Download or read book The Republic written by Plato and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-06-11 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Republic by Plato is a landmark achievement in Ancient Greek philosophy - this edition combines an authoritative translation with affordability. The Republic is the most famous text written by Plato, which takes the form of a philosophical dialogue. The text is part conversation between a group of friends active in the Athens intellectual community, and part monologue from various participants in the discussion. The narrator and lead character is Socrates, Plato''s friend and mentor, who appears in most of his pupil''s dialogues and acts as surrogate to Plato''s ideas. Throughout the text the ''Socratic method'', whereby Socrates feigns ignorance and questions an adversary to receive insight on a given subject, is demonstrated. Ten books in total comprise The Republic, the divisions thought to have been made due to the length of a roll of papyrus in Ancient Greece. The discussion begins with an attempt to find a definition for justice, wherein a disagreement between Thrasymachus - who believes justice is what is good for who is strongest at a given place and time - and Socrates, who believes that all members of society should, for the highest benefit of all, conform to just action. In Book II, the discussion expands to include justice in the sense of a social contract. Whether or not justice happens only due to fear of reprisal, and whether justice is truly a high virtue of itself, are among the questions considered. Eventually the discussion expands further into the idea of a just city state: ideas of how such a society, embodying justice and order, might work commences with Socrates proposing an educated ''guardian'' class of able-bodied men and women who would uphold order and defend such a city against threats from outside. After expanding their ideas on the guardians, the dialogue proceeds onto other classes. It is here that Plato''s famous idea of the philosopher king arises - the notion of a ruler who is appointed for holding the highest understanding of good and just rule, imparted to him at an early age by capable educators. Plato as Socrates eventually proposes that the essence of justice is fulfilling one''s role in society. The correct assignment of an occupation to each citizen, to which they can happily commit, will result in a just and capable society. Further stipulations upon this ideal society are given; that education be strictly regulated and human reproduction made a matter for the state, with no offspring knowing their parents. The Republic then covers four forms of injustice manifested in systems of government - timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and finally tyranny. How these unjust societies occur is talked about at length, with examples from Ancient society cited as Socrates/Plato develops theories on how societies go astray. The most unjust ruler - the tyrant - is discussed at length, and determined to be among the most unhappy, unfree and unfulfilled types of man owing to his thrall to passions, and friendless owing to his commitment to hierarchy. Such malfeasant politics are excoriated; in the end, Socrates says, all are harmed and none benefit from tyranny. Between books VII and VIII Socrates establishes the famous Allegory of the Cave as a way of demonstrating education''s effects upon the human mind. By using the image of people who have only lived in a dark caves their whole lives, he illustrates how mere shadows against the walls are the closest such individuals come to seeing reality. Philosophy, Socrates argues, is the way by which humans are freed from this cave of ignorance and propelled to an enlightenment. Socrates concludes the discussion of city politics and rulers, and commences to focus upon the nature of art and its place in the just and ideal city. He also discusses reincarnation, the indestructible nature of the human soul, concluding the epic text on a spiritual note.
Download or read book Socrates in New York written by John Kotselas and published by Athena Pub. This book was released on 1998 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Socratic and Platonic Political Philosophy written by Christopher P. Long and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-11-28 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Gorgias, Socrates claims to practice the true art of politics, but the peculiar politics he practices involves cultivating in each individual he encounters an erotic desire to live a life animated by the ideals of justice, beauty and the good. Socratic and Platonic Political Philosophy demonstrates that what Socrates sought to do with those he encountered, Platonic writing attempts to do with readers. Christopher P. Long's attentive readings of the Protagoras, Gorgias, Phaedo, Apology, and Phaedrus invite us to cultivate the habits of thinking and responding that mark the practices of both Socratic and Platonic politics. Platonic political writing is here experienced in a new way as the contours of a politics of reading emerges in which the community of readers is called to consider how a commitment to speaking the truth and acting toward justice can enrich our lives together.
