Download or read book Social and Non Social Reward Neural Mechanisms Implicated in Reward Processing Across Domains and Contexts written by Johanna M. Jarcho and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-08-21 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Social Motivation written by Katherine E. Powers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for social connection is a pervasive and powerful human drive. When this fundamental need is not fulfilled, people place greater emphasis on forming social bonds and are motivated to behave in ways consistent with accomplishing these social goals. The present thesis leverages knowledge of the specific cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in the processing of nonsocial rewards and related motivational behaviors to examine how social interactions may similarly be conceptualized as a class of rewards responsible for shaping instrumental learning and evoking approach behaviors. In nonsocial domains, the rewarding properties of stimuli are crucially involved in the development and implementation of goal-directed behaviors, and function to guide animals towards resources that can satisfy unmet needs. Previous research has identified a specific set of brain regions (i.e., the mesolimbic dopamine circuit including the ventral striatum) that are responsible for coding information about rewards and facilitating learned associations between cues and subsequent rewards. The experiments described here provide evidence that 1) the same neural mechanism that facilitates associative learning and reward detection in nonsocial domains similarly functions in the social domain, 2) activity in this neural system tracks the motivational relevance of social stimuli, and 3) these motivational influences bias the perception and interpretation of social cues. Taken together, these results suggest that the neural reward system is highly attuned to social context and functions to advantageously support social relations by translating the value of social cues into motivated action.
Download or read book Dimensional Psychopathology written by Massimo Biondi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an innovative approach to clinical assessment in psychiatry based on a number of psychopathological dimensions with a presumed underlying pathophysiology, that are related to fundamental phenomenological aspects and lie on a continuum from normality to pathology. It is described how the evaluation of these dimensions with a specific, validated rapid assessment instrument could easily integrate and enrich the classical diagnostic DSM-5 or ICD-10 assessment. The supplemental use of this dimensional approach can better capture the complexity underlying current categories of mental illness. The findings from a large patient sample suggest how this assessment could give a first glance at how variable and multifaceted the psychopathological components within a single diagnostic category can be, and thereby optimise diagnosis and treatment choices. Being short and easy to complete, this dimensional assessment can be done in a busy clinical setting, during an ordinary psychiatric visit, and in an acute clinical context, with limited effort by a minimally trained clinician. Therefore, it provides interesting and useful information without additional costs, and allows research work to be performed even in difficult settings.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Motivation and Learning written by K. Ann Renninger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading researchers in educational and social psychology, learning science, and neuroscience, this edited volume is suitable for a wide-academic readership. It gives definitions of key terms related to motivation and learning alongside developed explanations of significant findings in the field. It also presents cohesive descriptions concerning how motivation relates to learning, and produces a novel and insightful combination of issues and findings from studies of motivation and/or learning across the authors' collective range of scientific fields. The authors provide a variety of perspectives on motivational constructs and their measurement, which can be used by multiple and distinct scientific communities, both basic and applied.
Download or read book Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward written by Jay A. Gottfried and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing coverage of sensation and reward into a comprehensive systems overview, Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward presents a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary approach to the interplay of sensory and reward processing in the brain. While over the past 70 years these areas have drifted apart, this book makes a case for reuniting sensation a
Download or read book The Influence of Social Context on Reward processing and Associated Neural Signals written by Dominic Stephen Fareri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human decision-making is often motivated by a pursuit of valued goals, such as food and money. Such pursuits can be influenced not only by the actual value of the goal (e.g., $5 vs. $10), but also importantly by the social context in which they occur (e.g., with a close peer vs. with a business colleague). The aim of this dissertation was to characterize how social information affects the subjective and neural representations of reward-processing. Neural structures within corticobasal ganglia loops support reward-processing and motivated behavior in part by coding value signals for expected and experienced outcomes, as well as the actions that lead to them. However, most day-to-day experiences occur within varying social contexts. We may thus place higher value on social outcomes such as approval or acceptance, particularly from members of our social networks (e.g., close friends). It remains to be seen how information regarding social network may modulate reward-processing. A novel manipulation of social network was applied to an established reward-processing paradigm such that achieved outcomes were experienced with a close friend (in-network), a confederate (out-of- network), or a non-social entity. Across cooperative and competitive contexts, social network significantly modulated the subjective experience of outcome value and associated computations generated in reward circuitry. To further explore how the effects of social context on reward-processing can modulate behavior, we employed an economic paradigm--the trust game--to investigate learning of partner reputation (e.g., will s/he reciprocate my generosity). We examined the role of prior social impressions formed from direct experience with unknown fictional others in an unrelated domain on subsequent trust game interactions with these same partners. We subsequently applied our social network manipulation to the trust game to investigate how real-life experience informs behavior in trust interactions. In both contexts, previous social impressions significantly influenced participants' trust decisions. Further, the ability to update beliefs about partner reputation relied on learning-related outcome value signals in neural reward circuitry. In sum, these studies extend the current understanding of reward-processing, demonstrating that the value of a reward is subject to the strong influence of the social context in which it is experienced.
Download or read book Behavioral Inhibition written by Koraly Pérez-Edgar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-22 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines three decades of research on behavioral inhibition (BI), addressing its underlying biological, psychological, and social markers of development and functioning. It offers a theory-to-practice overview of behavioral inhibition and explores its cognitive component as well as its relationship to shyness, anxiety, and social withdrawal. The volume traces the emergence of BI during infancy through its occurrences across childhood. In addition, the book details the biological basis of BI and explores ways in which it is amenable to environmental modeling. Its chapters explore the neural systems underlying developmental milestones, address lingering questions (e.g., limitations of studying BI in laboratory settings and debatable benefits of self-regulatory processes), and provide recommendations for future research. Key areas of coverage include: Animal models of behavioral inhibition. Social functioning and peer relationships in BI. Attention mechanisms in behavioral inhibition. BI and associative learning of fear. Behavioral inhibition and prevention of internalizing distress in early childhood. The relations between BI, cognitive control, and anxiety. Behavioral Inhibition is a must-have resource for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students across such fields as developmental psychology, psychiatry, social work, cognitive and affective developmental neuroscience, child and school psychology, educational psychology, and pediatrics.
Download or read book The Temporal Lobe written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Temporal Lobe, Volume 187 covers the exponential growth of studies on the relationships between brain and language/cognition, many of which involved the temporal lobe. This volume summarizes research on the anatomy and function of the temporal lobe under both normal and pathological conditions. In addition, it discusses the interactions of the temporal lobe with other brain structures. The book highlights the role of the temporal lobe in language processing as well as vision, object, face recognition and processing. The book also discusses the temporal lobe's role in reading, speech and the processing of color, music, action and memory. Temporal lobe disorders, assessments and treatments are also covered, including encephalitis, Alzheimer's, epilepsy, Korsakov's syndrome, and more. - Summarizes research on the anatomy and function of the temporal lobe - Identifies the importance of the temporal lobe to language and speech - Includes how the temporal lobe interacts with other brain structures - Reviews disorders of the temporal lobe, including dementia, encephalitis, and more
Download or read book Neurobiological Systems Underlying Reward and Emotions in Social Settings written by Anna-Lena Zietlow and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Reward and Decision Making written by Jean-Claude Dreher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-06-04 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses a fundamental question about the nature of behavior: how does the brain process reward and makes decisions when facing multiple options? The book presents the most recent and compelling lesion, neuroimaging, electrophysiological and computational studies, in combination with hormonal and genetic studies, which have led to a clearer understanding of neural mechanisms behind reward and decision making. The neural bases of reward and decision making processes are of great interest to scientists because of the fundamental role of reward in a number of behavioral processes (such as motivation, learning and cognition) and because of their theoretical and clinical implications for understanding dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system in several neurological and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction, pathological gambling, ...) - Comprehensive coverage of approaches to studying reward and decision making, including primate neurophysiology and brain imaging studies in healthy humans and in various disorders, genetic and hormonal influences on the reward system and computational models. - Covers clinical implications of process dysfunction (e.g., schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, eating disorders, drug addiction, pathological gambling) - Uses multiple levels of analysis, from molecular mechanisms to neural systems dynamics and computational models. " This is a very interesting and authoritative handbook by some of the most outstanding investigators in the field of reward and decision making ", Professor Edmund T. Rolls, Oxford Center for Computational Neuroscience, UK
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Externalizing Spectrum Disorders written by Theodore P. Beauchaine and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015-10-29 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Externalizing Spectrum Disorders is the first book of its kind to capture the developmental psychopathology of externalizing spectrum disorders by examining causal factors across levels of analysis and developmental epochs, while departing from the categorical perspective.
Download or read book Representations of Emotions written by Jürgen Schlaeger and published by Gunter Narr Verlag. This book was released on 1999 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Social Neuroscience written by Eddie Harmon-Jones and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2007-11-15 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling volume provides a broad and accessible overview of the emerging field of social neuroscience. Showcasing an array of cutting-edge research programs, leading investigators present new approaches to the study of how the brain and body influence social behavior, and vice versa. Each authoritative chapter clearly describes the methods used: lesion studies, neuroimaging techniques, hormonal methods, event-related brain potential methods, and others. The contributors discuss the theoretical advantages of taking a social neuroscience perspective and analyze what their findings reveal about core social psychological phenomena. Essential topics include emotion, motivation, attitudes, person perception, stereotyping and prejudice, and interpersonal relationships.
Download or read book Factors mediating performance monitoring in humans from context to personality written by Patrizia Thoma and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our everyday life, we constantly monitor our behaviour and adapt our responses following performance errors and feedback information from our environment. Receiving positive or negative feedback, which can be social, monetary or some other type of feedback classifiable as good or bad, can encourage us to continue with a specific action or may lead us to discontinue the same behaviour, respectively. Additionally, we daily observe errors being committed by other people or other people receiving feedback for their behaviour. We are able to infer how they feel in response to errors or feedback, and whether we feel sorry for their failures and happy about their successes may depend on our empathic concern and on the relationship to the observed person. At the same time, we can also learn from other people’s errors by adaptively modifying our own behaviour. Recently, a growing number of researchers in the neuroscientific community has begun to establish links between the ability to empathize with others and error/feedback processing. The ACC seems to be strongly involved in both error/feedback processing and in affective empathic responding, and positive relationships between error- and feedback-related ACC activity and self-rated dispositional empathy have been reported. Various contextual factors, like the relationship between the observer and the observed person, or person-related characteristics, like age, gender and psychopathological symptoms, may potentially modify this relationship. In spite of these theoretical advances, there are still crucial gaps in our knowledge of the different contextual factors and personality characteristics that affect performance monitoring in humans. For instance, it is not well understood how different empathy components might relate to different stages and different forms of error/feedback processing. Also, the ability to engage in empathic perspective taking might be more related to observational than to active learning; and empathy should become more relevant when the behaviour observed in someone else is also relevant for one’s own actions. One promising account in studying the relationship between person characteristics, performance context and action monitoring is the investigation of these concepts across the lifespan. While performance monitoring might be increasingly compromised in older individuals due to structural and functional changes in the relevant brain areas, it might be partly compensated for by a heightened tendency and experience to engage in affective perspective taking. Furthermore, studying clinical populations may help us to disentangle the complex interdependence between performance monitoring and psychopathological symptoms. Overall, for the current Research Topic issue, we would like to solicit original research articles, reviews as well as opinion and method papers, which investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms supporting performance monitoring providing a link to contextual factors or personality traits. Studies using a range of different methods (behavioural, imaging, electrophysiological, etc.), investigating healthy populations with or without a lifespan perspective or clinical populations are welcome, and authors with different academic backgrounds and working in different disciplines are encouraged to participate in order to promote a lively and integrative debate.
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms Underlying Movement Based Embodied Contemplative Practices written by Laura Schmalzl and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relative to the extensive neuroscientific work on seated meditation practices, far less studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying movement-based contemplative practices such as yoga or tai chi. Movement-based practices have, however, been found to be effective for relieving the symptoms of several clinical conditions, and to elicit measurable changes in physiological, neural, and behavioral parameters in healthy individuals. An important challenge for neuroscience is therefore to advance our understanding of the neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these observed effects, and this Research Topic aims to make a contribution in this regard. It showcases the current state of the art of investigations on movement-based practices including yoga, tai chi, the Feldenkrais Method, as well as dance. Featured contributions include empirical research, proposals of theoretical frameworks, as well as novel perspectives on a variety of issues relevant to the field. This Research Topic is the first of its kind to specifically attempt a neurophysiological and neurocognitive characterization that spans multiple mindful movement approaches, and we trust it will be of interest to basic scientists, clinical researchers, and contemplative practitioners alike.
Download or read book Social Pain written by Geoff MacDonald and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2011 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Social pain is the experience of pain as a result of interpersonal rejection or loss, such as rejection from a social group, bullying, or the loss of a loved one. Research now shows that social pain results from the activation of certain components in physical pain systems. Although social, clinical, health, and developmental psychologists have each explored aspects of social pain, recent work from the neurosciences provides a coherent, unifying framework for integrative research. This edited volume provides the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary exploration of social pain. Part I examines the subject from a neuroscience perspective, outlining the evolutionary basis of social pain and tracing the genetic, neurological, and physiological underpinnings of the phenomenon. Part II explores the implications of social pain for functioning in interpersonal relationships; contributions examine the influence of painkillers on social emotions, the ability to relive past social hurts, and the relation of social pain to experiences of intimacy. Part III examines social pain from a biopsychosocial perspective in its consideration of the health implications of social pain, outlining the role of stress in social pain and the potential long-term health consequences of bullying. The book concludes with an integrative review of these diverse perspectives"--Publicity materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
Download or read book Autism Spectrum Disorder in the First Years of Life written by Katarzyna Chawarska and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2020-08-24 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing an explosion of recent research, this book presents dramatic advances in understanding and treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in very young children. Leading authorities describe the innovative tools and methods that are enabling clinicians to more effectively identify 0- to 5-year-olds with the disorder and those at risk for related problems. Chapters discuss the early core symptoms and co-occurring characteristics of ASD, the best diagnostic instruments, and lessons learned from large-scale screening and surveillance, including sibling studies. The book reviews evidence-based interventions and explores practical issues in treatment of young children and their families.
