Download or read book Smart Methods for Environmental Externalities written by Gert de Roo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, Dutch environmental policy has undergone some pivotal changes, the most significant of which have been decentralization and deregulation, encouraging local communities to develop and deliver policies which are tailor-made to their particular situation. These changes have led to the development of some innovative practical instruments for aiding sustainable environmental spatial policy. This book discusses these new 'methods for environmental externalities' and their significance in the development and delivery of Dutch environmental policies, particularly how they ensure that issues such as health and hygiene are introduced in the early stages of spatial planning processes. This book highlights the most prominent and relevant of these innovative 'methods for environmental externalities' as well as comparing them with some of the classic methods, and analysing strengths and weaknesses. It argues that having such a broad and varied choice of methods is the key to ensuring the impressive and groundbreaking Dutch creativity in environmental management. In conclusion, the book extrapolates current trends in environmental policy, expresses likely and possible developments in 'methods for environmental externalities' and shows how such methods can contribute in our ongoing attempts to develop and deliver liveable, pleasant and sustainable towns and cities.
Download or read book Smart Methods for Environmental Externalities written by Gert de Roo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, Dutch environmental policy has undergone some pivotal changes, the most significant of which have been decentralization and deregulation, encouraging local communities to develop and deliver policies which are tailor-made to their particular situation. These changes have led to the development of some innovative practical instruments for aiding sustainable environmental spatial policy. This book discusses these new 'methods for environmental externalities' and their significance in the development and delivery of Dutch environmental policies, particularly how they ensure that issues such as health and hygiene are introduced in the early stages of spatial planning processes. This book highlights the most prominent and relevant of these innovative 'methods for environmental externalities' as well as comparing them with some of the classic methods, and analysing strengths and weaknesses. It argues that having such a broad and varied choice of methods is the key to ensuring the impressive and groundbreaking Dutch creativity in environmental management. In conclusion, the book extrapolates current trends in environmental policy, expresses likely and possible developments in 'methods for environmental externalities' and shows how such methods can contribute in our ongoing attempts to develop and deliver liveable, pleasant and sustainable towns and cities.
Download or read book E Planning and Collaboration Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 1742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As population growth accelerates, researchers and professionals face challenges as they attempt to plan for the future. E-planning is a significant component in addressing the key concerns as the world population moves towards urban environments. E-Planning and Collaboration: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications contains a compendium of the latest academic material on the emerging interdisciplinary areas of e-planning and collaboration. Including innovative studies on data management, urban development, and crowdsourcing, this multi-volume book is an ideal source for planners, policymakers, researchers, and graduate students interested in how recent technological advancements are enhancing the traditional practices in e-planning.
Download or read book Risk Governance written by Urbano Fra.Paleo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-19 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the common language of politics, ecology and risk, and crosses their conceptual divides. It seeks to shed light on the underlying structural factors, processes, players and interactions in the risk scenario, all of which influence decision-making that both increases and reduces disaster risk. The first section explores risk governance under conditions of increasing complexity, diversity and change. The discussion includes chapters on The problem of governance in the risk society; Making sense of decentralization; Understanding and conceptualizing risk in large-scale social-ecological systems; The disaster epidemic and Structure, process, and agency in the evaluation of risk governance. Part II, focused on governance in regions and domains of risk, includes nine chapters with discussion of Climate governance and climate change and society; Climate change and the politics of uncertainty; Risk complexity and governance in mountain environments; On the edge: Coastal governance and risk and Governance of megacity disaster risks, among other important topics. Part III discusses directions for further advancement in risk governance, with ten chapters on such topics as the transition From risk society to security society; Governing risk tolerability; Risk and adaptive planning for coastal cities; Profiling risk governance in natural hazards contexts; Confronting the risk of large disasters in nature and Transitions into and out of a crisis mode of socio-ecological systems. The book presents a comprehensive examination of the complexity of both risk and environmental policy-making and of their multiple—and not always visible—interactions in the context of social–ecological systems. Just as important, it also addresses unseen and neglected complementarities between regulatory policy-making and ordinary individual decision-making through the actions of nongovernmental actors. A range of distinguished scholars from a diverse set of disciplines have contributed to the book with their expertise in many areas, including disaster studies, emergency planning and management, ecology, sustainability, environmental planning and management, climate change, geography, spatial planning, development studies, economy, political sciences, public administration, communication, as well as physics and geology.
Download or read book Environmental Policy Analysis with Limited Information written by William H. Desvousges and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transfer process, a technique used in analysis by government agencies to assess environmental regulatory policy, adapts information and data from existing studies and so provides an economical way to assess potential benefits and costs for projects. This book presents the framework for examining the transfer of information, introduces methodology that refines this process, outlines the basic steps of the method, and discusses solutions to frequently encountered problems. An extended case study of environmental externalities from electricity generation illustrates the method's use. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Issues and Methods in Incorporating Environmental Externalities Into the Integrated Resource Planning Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is a review of current practices and policies in considering environmental externalities in the integrated resource planning and performance based regulation (IRP/PBR) process. The following issues are presented and examined: What are the pros and cons of treating environmental externalities in the IRP process? How are potential future environmental regulations being treated? Are externalities being qualitatively or quantitatively considered, or monetized? Are offsets being allowed? How are externality policies being coordinated among different levels and branches of governments? Should environmental externalities be considered in dispatching a utilitys̀ existing resources? What are the procedures for addressing uncertainty in incorporating environmental externalities into IRP? How are externalities valued? What are other approaches to addressing environmental externalities. This report describes seven major approaches for addressing environmental externalities in the IRP process: qualitative treatment, weighting and ranking, cost of control, damage function, percentage adders, monetization by emission, and multiattribute trade-off analysis. The discussion includes a taxonomy of the full range of alternative methods for addressing environmental externalities, a summary of state PUC actions, the role of state laws, the debate on environmental adders, and the choice of methodologies. In addition, this report characterizes the interests of stakeholders such as the electric industry, fuel suppliers, energy consumers, governmental agencies, public interest groups, consultants, and others. It appears that the views, positions, and interests of these stakeholders are affected by their perceptions of the potential impacts on their economic interests or the viability of their position on environmental policy, by the societal perspective they take, and by the orientation of the analysts toward market competition and their respective accumulated expertise.
Download or read book Environmental Externalities Health and Policy written by Nicholas J. Sanders and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses three issues in environmental policy and health: (1) can prenatal pollution exposure shift long run life cycle outcomes, (2) can ambient pollution levels impact infant mortality rates, and (3) how can regulators go about correcting for the presence of such externalities? Chapter 1 speaks to the potential long run consequences of prenatal exposure to air pollution by investigating the impact of prenatal particulate pollution on educational achievement. I use ambient total suspended particulates (TSPs) as a measure of particulate exposure, standardized test scores of exposed individuals as a measure of educational achievement, and the shock of the industrial recession of the early 1980s as a source of potentially exogenous variation in pollution levels. To overcome measurement error and potential omitted variables bias, I employ an instrumental variables strategy where I exploit the variation in how county employment and manufacturing makeup varied across regions during the recession. Instrumental variables results are statistically significant and suggest that a within-county standard deviation decrease in ambient TSPs is associated with 5-10% of a within-county standard deviation increase in test scores. This implies that approximately 20% of the score gains seen by the 1978-1984 birth cohorts in my sample is attributable to the reduction in ambient TSPs, and suggests that prenatal exposure to pollutants can have long term life-cycle altering impacts. Chapter 2 addresses more immediate health impacts of pollution exposure and attempts to better identify the causal links between automobile traffic, ambient air quality, and infant mortality rates. We add to our understanding of these issue by addressing two related research questions: (1) What is the impact of automobile driving (and especially congestion) on ambient air pollution levels; and (2) what is the impact of air pollution on infant health? Our setting is California (with a focus on the Central Valley and Southern California) in the years 2002-2007. Our findings suggest that ambient pollution levels have large impacts on weekly mortality rates, with the most precisely estimated and most stable effects appearing for particulate matter. Instrumental variables effects are greater than those found using OLS fixed effects methods, suggesting the presence of measurement error, avoidance behavior, and/or omitted variables bias. Chapter 3 moves away from applied analysis and approaches the issue of environmental externalities and regulation from a theoretical perspective. We present a situation in which a government, with the intended goal of maximizing social welfare, must contend with an externality generating natural monopolist. We expand upon the existing non-Bayesian regulatory methods by constructing a regulatory tool that requires minimal knowledge about market conditions. Our Price-based Subsidy (PS) mechanisms provide transfers to the firm that match or approximate the incremental surplus generated each period. Unlike Bayesian regulatory methods, our mechanisms require no knowledge of the underlying firm cost distribution. In fact, an advantage of our mechanisms is that they allow the regulator to achieve marginal social cost pricing, either immediately or asymptotically depending on market conditions, without observing the abatement activity, demand, cost, or environmental damage functions of the firm.
Download or read book Smart Cities Citizen Welfare and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals written by Pego, Ana Cristina and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The smart city is a driver of change, innovation, competitiveness, and networking for businesses and organizations based on the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals for the 2030 agenda. The importance of a new paradigm regarding the externalities of the environment, citizen welfare, and natural resources in cities as an impact of urban ecosystems is the main objective for sustainable development in cities through 2030. Smart Cities, Citizen Welfare, and the Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals provides innovative insights into the key developments and new trends associated with online challenges and opportunities in smart cities based on the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals. The content within this publication represents research encompassing corporate social responsibility, economic policy, and city planning. This book serves as a vital reference source for urban planners, policymakers, managers, entrepreneurs, graduate-level students, researchers, and academicians seeking coverage on topics centered on conceptual, technological, and design issues related to smart city development in Europe.
Download or read book Sustainable Transportation and Smart Logistics written by Javier Faulin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-13 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Transportation and Smart Logistics: Decision-Making Models and Solutions provides deterministic and probabilistic models for transportation logistics problem-solving and decision-making. The book presents an overview of the intersections between sustainability, transportation, and logistics, and delves into the current problems associated with the implementation of sustainable transportation and smart logistics in urban settings. It also offers models for addressing complex structural problems and procedures for estimating transportation externalities such as environmental and social impacts, both in industrial and government arenas, as well as decision-making models from operational, tactical, and strategic management perspectives. Sustainable Transportation and Smart Logistics also covers best practices for practical corporate policy implementation, making it a comprehensive and vital resource for researchers, graduate students, practitioners, and policy makers in transportation, logistics, urban planning, economics, engineering, and environmental science. Examines various modes of transportation Includes mathematical models for decision-making in a wide variety of situations Presents public transportation and smart cities use cases
Download or read book New York Environmental Externalities Cost Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Externalities written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the concept of environmental externality. It discusses various factors -- the atmospheric transformations, relationship of point-source emissions to ambient air quality, dose-response relationships, applicable cause-and-effect principles, and risk and valuation research -- that are considered by a number of state utilities when they apply the environmental externality concept to energy resource planning. It describes a methodology developed by Argonne National Laboratory for general use in resource planning, in combination with traditional methods that consider the cost of electricity production. Finally, it shows how the methodology can be applied in Indonesia, Thailand, and Taiwan to potential coal-fired power plant projects that will make use of clean coal technologies.
Download or read book The Optimal Control of Environmental Externalities written by Hirofumi Shibata and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Externalities Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electricity Generation and Environmental Externalities Case Studies written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Linking Science and Technology to Society s Environmental Goals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-11-21 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Where should the United States focus its long-term efforts to improve the nation's environment? What are the nation's most important environmental issues? What role should science and technology play in addressing these issues? Linking Science and Technology to Society's Environmental Goals provides the current thinking and answers to these questions. Based on input from a range of experts and interested individuals, including representatives of industry, government, academia, environmental organizations, and Native American communities, this book urges policymakers to: Use social science and risk assessment to guide decision-making. Monitor environmental changes in a more thorough, consistent, and coordinated manner. Reduce the adverse impact of chemicals on the environment. Move away from the use of fossil fuels. Adopt an environmental approach to engineering that reduces the use of natural resources. Substantially increase our understanding of the relationship between population and consumption. This book will be of special interest to policymakers in government and industry; environmental scientists, engineers, and advocates; and faculty, students, and researchers.
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Download or read book The Social Sustainability of Cities written by Mario Polèse and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities are a locus of human diversity, where people with varying degrees of wealth and status share an association within a particular urban boundary. Despite the common geography, sharp social divisions characterize many cities. High levels of urban violence bear witness to the difficult challenge of creating socially cohesive and inclusive cities. The devastated inner cities of many large American urban centres exemplify the failure of urban development. With an enlightened democratic approach to policy reform, however, cities can achieve social sustainability. Some cities have been more successful than others in creating environments conducive to the cohabitation of a diverse population. In this collection of original essays, case studies of ten cities (Montreal and Toronto in Canada, Miami and Baltimore in the United States, Geneva and Rotterdam in Europe, S-o Paulo and San Salvador in South America, and Nairobi and Cape Town in South Africa) are presented and analysed in terms of social sustainability. The volume as a whole looks at the policies, institutions, and planning and social processes that can have the effect of integrating diverse groups and cultural practices in a just and equitable fashion. The authors conclude that policies conducive to social sustainability should, among other things, seek to promote fiscal equalization, weave communities within the metropolis into a cohesive whole, and ideally, provide transport systems that ensure equal access to public services and workplaces, all within the framework of an open and democratic local governance structure.
