Download or read book Small Reactors Without On site Refuelling written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a coordinated research project (CRP) devoted to the assessment of innovative technology options for small reactors without on-site refuelling, this publication compiles the findings of research and development activities addressing neutronic characteristics, emergency planning considerations, deployment scenarios and general visions for such reactor types. The summary report documents the results and conclusions achieved by the CRP and suggests research and development activities to be furthered after completion of the project. The publication will be a useful guide for many Member States pursuing an attractive and affordable nuclear power option.

Download or read book Status of Small Reactor Designs Without On site Refuelling Sodium cooled small reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to provide Member States, including those considering the initiation of nuclear power programs and those already having practical experience in nuclear power, with balanced and objective information on important development trends and objectives of small reactors without on-site refueling, on the achieved state of the art in design and technology development for such reactors, and on their design status and possible applications. The report is intended for many categories of stakeholders, including electricity producers, non-electricity producers, policy makers, designers and regulators. The main chapters of this report survey emerging energy market characteristics, introduce a rationale for such reactors and review their design and technology development status with a consideration of associated fuel cycle and institutional issues. The annexes provide detailed design descriptions of small reactors without on-site refueling, focusing on their potential to provide solutions in the areas of concern associated with future nuclear energy systems.--Publisher's description.

Download or read book Status of Small Reactor Designs Without On site Refuelling written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to provide Member States with balanced and objective information on important development trends and objectives of small reactors without on-site refuelling, on the achieved state of the art in design and technology development for such reactors, and on their design status and possible applications. The report is intended for many categories of stakeholders, including electricity producers, non-electricity producers, policy makers, designers and regulators. The main chapters survey emerging energy market characteristics, introduce a rationale for such reactors and review their design and technology development status with a consideration of associated fuel cycle and institutional issues. The annexes provide detailed design descriptions of small reactors without on-site refuelling, focusing on their potential to provide solutions in the areas of concern associated with future nuclear energy systems.

Download or read book Innovative Small and Medium Sized Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents a variety of innovative water cooled, gas cooled, liquid metal cooled and non-conventional small and medium sized reactor (SMR) designs developed worldwide, and examines technology and infrastructure development needs that may be common to several concepts or lines of such reactors. It also gives an updated definition of small reactors without on-site refuelling and a preliminary review of the passive safety design options for SMRs.

Download or read book New Concept of Small Power Reactor Without On site Refueling for Non proliferation written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy demand in developing countries is increasing to support growing populations and economies. This demand is expected to continue growing at a rapid pace well into the next century. Because current power sources, including fossil, renewable, and nuclear, cannot meet energy demands, many developing countries are interested in building a new generation of small reactor systems to help meet their needs. The U.S. recognizes the need for energy in the developing countries. In its 1998 Comprehensive Energy Strategy, the Department of Energy calls for research into low-cost, proliferation- resistant, nuclear reactor technologies to ensure that this demand can be met in a manner consistent with U.S. non-proliferation goals and policies. This research has two primary thrusts: first, the development of a small proliferation-resistant nuclear system (i.e., a technology focus); second, the continuation of open communication with the international community through early engagement and cooperation on small reactor development. A system that meets developing country requirements must: (1) achieve reliably safe operation with a minimum of maintenance and supporting infrastructure; (2) offer economic competitiveness with alternative energy sources available to the candidate sites; and (3) demonstrate significant improvements in proliferation resistance relative to existing reactor systems. These challenges are the most significant driving forces behind the LLNL proposed program for development of a new, small nuclear reactor system. This report describes a technical approach for developing small nuclear power systems for use in developing countries. The approach being proposed will establish a preliminary set of requirements that, if met, will cause new innovative approaches to system design to be used. The proposed approach will borrow from experience gained over the past forty years with four types of nuclear reactor technologies (LWR, LMR, HTGR, and MSR) to develop four or more pre-conceptual designs. The pre-conceptual designs will be used to confirm the adequacy of the requirements through iteration and trade studies. A down selection to a preferred and backup concept would be made following a 12-18 month design effort. The selected designs, system design specifications, and the necessary R & D programs would be developed in greater detail over the next three and one-half years. A reactor in the 50 to 150 MWe class, nominally 100 MWe, shows the best potential for meeting these challenges. The system will have unique characteristics to achieve proliferation resistance, and will maximize the reliance on passive safety features to reduce the risk of serious accidents and their consequences, simplify operations and maintenance, and reduce the need for the developing country to establish a sophisticated and expensive nuclear infrastructure. In particular, to eliminate all on- site refueling, the reactor will be equipped with a long-life core that will be returned to the supplier when spent. This process will be managed under international control to further both overall non- proliferation objectives and to reduce the infrastructure burden on the developing country. It will also reduce the anticipated burden and expense to the International Atomic Energy Agency for assuring security associated with expanded international use of nuclear energy. An integral part of the program will be the development of new approaches for implementing international safeguards applicable to the entire fuel cycle including recycling and waste disposal. The report discusses the preliminary requirements and the rationale for selecting them. It then discusses the four nuclear system technologies and how they might proceed to meet the requirements. Brief discussions are provided on the approaches to stimulating the appropriate international and industrial participation necessary to finance development of a design with improved proliferation resistance that is useful to the developing countries.

Download or read book Handbook of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors written by Daniel T. Ingersoll and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors, Second Edition is a fully updated comprehensive reference on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which reflects the latest research and technological advances in the field from the last five years. Editors Daniel T. Ingersoll and Mario D. Carelli, along with their team of expert contributors, combine their wealth of collective experience to update this comprehensive handbook that provides the reader with all required knowledge on SMRs, expanding on the rapidly growing interest and development of SMRs around the globe. This book begins with an introduction to SMRs for power generation, an overview of international developments, and an analysis of Integral Pressurized Water Reactors as a popular class of SMRs. The second part of the book is dedicated to SMR technologies, including physics, components, I&C, human-system interfaces and safety aspects. Part three discusses the implementation of SMRs, covering economic factors, construction methods, hybrid energy systems and licensing considerations. The fourth part of the book provides an in-depth analysis of SMR R&D and deployment of SMRs within eight countries, including the United States, Republic of Korea, Russia, China, Argentina, and Japan. This edition includes brand new content on the United Kingdom and Canada, where interests in SMRs have increased considerably since the first edition was published. The final part of the book adds a new analysis of the global SMR market and concludes with a perspective on SMR benefits to developing economies. This authoritative and practical handbook benefits engineers, designers, operators, and regulators working in nuclear energy, as well as academics and graduate students researching nuclear reactor technologies. Presents the latest research on SMR technologies and global developments Includes new case study chapters on the United Kingdom and Canada and a chapter on global SMR markets Discusses new technologies such as floating SMRs and molten salt SMRs

Download or read book Status of Small Reactor Designs Without On Site Refuelling written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to provide Member States with balanced and objective information on important development trends and objectives of small reactors without on-site refuelling, on the achieved state of the art in design and technology development for such reactors, and on their design status and possible applications. The report is intended for many categories of stakeholders, including electricity producers, non-electricity producers, policy makers, designers and regulators. The main chapters survey emerging energy market characteristics, introduce a rationale for such reactors a.

Download or read book Used Nuclear Fuel Storage Options Including Implications of Small Modular Reactors written by Samuel Otis Brinton and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work addresses two aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle system with significant policy implications. The first is the preferred option for used fuel storage based on economics: local, regional or national storage. The second is the implications of small modular reactor (SMR) introduction for the nuclear fuel cycle, including demand for uranium, enrichment services and the amount of used nuclear fuel. The study considers the nuclear energy system evolution over a period of 100 years. Through a review of available literature, post-reactor fuel storage and handling options have been evaluated using the best economic parameters that can be found. A system dynamics module, known as the Used Nuclear Fuel Module (UNFM), was created to account for the costs of on-site or off-site storage, and the needed transportation to the storage location. It provides an easy to use interface for studies of economics of used fuel storage. This module was used to evaluate the local, regional, and national storage options of used nuclear fuel. The results indicate that local storage on reactor sites is the least cost option, and that the cost of the storage casks is the most sensitive parameter for the local option cost. Additionally, a module was created for the study of the impact of small modular reactors, known as the SMRM or Small Modular Reactor Module, to study the fuel cycle impacts. This module was then incorporated into the library of reactor types in CAFCA to enable its inclusion in nuclear fuel cycle studies. The assumption was made that about 80% of the new capacity of nuclear power plants would be of the SMR type for a high deployment and 20% of the new capacity of SMR type for a low deployment with the nuclear power growth rate is 2.5% for the period from 2014 to 2114. It is shown that the single-batch nuclear fuel cycle approach of SMRs will require higher enrichment, more uranium ore and enrichment services will be needed. Also, given the lower burnup of the discharged fuel, larger amount of stored fuel will materialize. Given that the SMRs are likely to be built on new sites, there will also be significantly more sites containing the used nuclear fuel.

Download or read book The Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Power of Promise written by M V Ramana and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2012-12-15 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear power has been held out as possibly the most important source of energy for India. And the dream of a nuclear-powered India has been supported by huge financial budgets and high-level political commitment for over six decades. Nuclear power has also been presented as safe, environmentally benign and cheap. Physicist and writer M.V. Ramana offers a detailed narrative of the evolution of India’s nuclear energy programme, examining different aspects of it and the claims of success made on its behalf. In The Power of Promise he makes a historically nuanced and compelling argument as to why the nuclear energy programme has failed in the past and why its future is dubious. Ramana shows that nuclear power has been more expensive than conventional forms of electricity generation, that the ever-present risk of catastrophic accidents is heightened by observed organizational inadequacies at nuclear facilities, and that existing nuclear fuel cycle facilities have been correlated with impacts on public health and the environment. He offers detailed information and analysis that should serve to deepen the debate on whether India should indeed embark on a massive nuclear programme.

Download or read book Nuclear Energy written by Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Energy provides an authoritative reference on all aspects of the nuclear industry from fundamental reactor physics calculations to reactor design, nuclear fuel resources, nuclear fuel cycle, radiation detection and protection, and nuclear power economics. Featuring 19 peer-reviewed entries by recognized authorities in the field, this book provides comprehensive, streamlined coverage of fundamentals, current areas of research, and goals for the future. The chapters will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and energy industry experts.

Download or read book Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy written by Thomas James Dolan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 1068 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, Second Edition is a fully updated comprehensive reference on the latest advances in MSR research and technology. Building on the successful first edition, Tom Dolan and the team of experts have fully updated the content to reflect the impressive advances from the last 5 years, ensuring this book continues to be the go-to reference on the topic. This new edition covers progress made in MSR design, details innovative experiments, and includes molten salt data, corrosion studies and deployment plans. The successful case studies section of the first edition have been removed, expanded, and fully updated, and are now published in a companion title called Global Case Studies on Molten Salt Reactors. Readers will gain a deep understanding of the advantages and challenges of MSR development and thorium fuel use, as well as step-by-step guidance on the latest in MSR reactor design. Each chapter provides a clear introduction, covers technical issues and includes examples and conclusions, while promoting the sustainability benefits throughout. - A fully updated comprehensive handbook on Molten Salt Reactors and Thorium Energy, written by a team of global experts - Covers MSR applications, technical issues, reactor types and reactor designs - Includes 3 brand new chapters which reflect the latest advances in research and technology since the first edition published - Presents case studies on molten salt reactors which aid in the transition to net zero by providing abundant clean, safe energy to complement wind and solar powe

Download or read book Status of Innovative Small and Medium Sized Reactor Designs 2005 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2006 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this report is to provide Member States, including those just considering the initiation of nuclear power programmes and those already having practical experience in nuclear power, with balanced and objective information on important development trends and objectives of innovative small and medium sized reactors (SMRs) for a variety of uses, on the achieved state-of-the-art in design and technology development for such reactors and on their design and regulatory status. The publication is intended for many categories of stakeholders, including regulators, electricity producers, designers, non-electricity producers and policy makers. The main sections of this publication, addressed to all the above mentioned groups of stakeholders, provide a summary of major specifications, applications and user-related special features of innovative SMRs. The annexes, intended mainly for designers and technical managers, provide detailed design descriptions of innovative SMRs, focusing on their potential to provide solutions in the areas of concern associated with future nuclear energy systems

Download or read book Medical Isotope Production Without Highly Enriched Uranium written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-06-27 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the product of a congressionally mandated study to examine the feasibility of eliminating the use of highly enriched uranium (HEU2) in reactor fuel, reactor targets, and medical isotope production facilities. The book focuses primarily on the use of HEU for the production of the medical isotope molybdenum-99 (Mo-99), whose decay product, technetium-99m3 (Tc-99m), is used in the majority of medical diagnostic imaging procedures in the United States, and secondarily on the use of HEU for research and test reactor fuel. The supply of Mo-99 in the U.S. is likely to be unreliable until newer production sources come online. The reliability of the current supply system is an important medical isotope concern; this book concludes that achieving a cost difference of less than 10 percent in facilities that will need to convert from HEU- to LEU-based Mo-99 production is much less important than is reliability of supply.

Download or read book Advanced Smaller Modular Reactors written by Bahman Zohuri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advanced Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) as a way to provide safe, clean, and affordable nuclear power options. The advanced SMRs currently under development in the U.S. represent a variety of sizes, technology options and deployment scenarios. These advanced reactors, envisioned to vary in size from a couple megawatts up to hundreds of megawatts can be used for power generation, process heat, desalination, or other industrial uses. In-depth chapters describe how advanced SMRs offer multiple advantages, such as relatively small size, reduced capital investment, location flexibility, and provisions for incremental power additions. SMRs also offer distinct safeguards, security and nonproliferation advantages. The authors present a thorough examination of the technology and defend methods by which the new generation of nuclear power plants known as GEN-IV can safely be used as an efficient source of renewable energy. Provides a unique and innovative approach to the implementation of Small Modular Reactor as part of GEN-IV technology; Discusses how Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) can deliver a viable alternative to Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs); Presents an argument defending the need for nuclear power plant as a source of energy, its efficiency and cost effectiveness, as well as safety related issues.

Download or read book Progress Challenges and Opportunities for Converting U S and Russian Research Reactors written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-03-24 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highly enriched uranium (HEU) is used for two major civilian purposes: as fuel for research reactors and as targets for medical isotope production. This material can be dangerous in the wrong hands. Stolen or diverted HEU can be used-in conjunction with some knowledge of physics-to build nuclear explosive devices. Thus, the continued civilian use of HEU is of concern particularly because this material may not be uniformly well-protected. To address these concerns, the National Research Council (NRC) of the U.S. National Academies and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) held a joint symposium on June 8-10, 2011. Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities for Converting U.S. and Russian Research Reactors summarizes the proceedings of this joint symposium. This report addresses: (1) recent progress on conversion of research reactors, with a focus on U.S.- and R.F.-origin reactors; (2) lessons learned for overcoming conversion challenges, increasing the effectiveness of research reactor use, and enabling new reactor missions; (3) future research reactor conversion plans, challenges, and opportunities; and (4) actions that could be taken by U.S. and Russian organizations to promote conversion. The agenda for the symposium is provided in Appendix A, biographical sketches of the committee members are provided in Appendix B, and the report concludes with the statement of task in Appendix C.

Download or read book Safety and Security of Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-02-19 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a request from Congress, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Department of Homeland Security sponsored a National Academies study to assess the safety and security risks of spent nuclear fuel stored in cooling pools and dry casks at commercial nuclear power plants. The information provided in this book examines the risks of terrorist attacks using these materials for a radiological dispersal device. Safety and Security of Commercial Spent Nuclear Fuel is an unclassified public summary of a more detailed classified book. The book finds that successful terrorist attacks on spent fuel pools, though difficult, are possible. A propagating fire in a pool could release large amounts of radioactive material, but rearranging spent fuel in the pool during storage and providing emergency water spray systems would reduce the likelihood of a propagating fire even under severe damage conditions. The book suggests that additional studies are needed to better understand these risks. Although dry casks have advantages over cooling pools, pools are necessary at all operating nuclear power plants to store at least the recently discharged fuel. The book explains it would be difficult for terrorists to steal enough spent fuel to construct a significant radiological dispersal device.