Download or read book Skull Shapes and the Map written by William White Howells and published by Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University Publications Department. This book was released on 1989 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this sequel to his Cranial Variation in Man, William White Howells surveys present-day regional skull shapes by a uniform method, examining the nature and degree of cranial differences discernible between recent Homo sapiens populations around the world.
Download or read book Who s who in Skulls written by William White Howells and published by Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University Publications Department. This book was released on 1995 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilizing and expanding the database presented in his earlier monographs Cranial Variation in Man and Skull Shapes and the Map, William White Howells develops methods for allocating a human skull to one of 28 modern populations for historical or forensic purposes.
Download or read book Variations in the Shape and Size of the Skull written by Reginald J. Gladstone and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Exploratory Approach for Mapping the Surface of the Human Skull in Three Dimensions written by Ryan Walsh McComb and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objectives: Current analyses of 3D cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning still rely upon 2D linear and angular measures, along with subjective visual evaluation, to assess complex facial disharmony and other dentofacial characteristics. The overall objective of this investigation is to overcome these limitations by developing and testing protocol for mapping the surface of the human skull in three dimensions using CBCT images. In collaboration with the Laboratory of Neuroimaging (LONI) at UCLA, the specific goals of this project are: To apply and modify advanced technology used in brain mapping research to accurately and efficiently map the skull surface in 3D To apply and modify existing mathematical functions to find the average of multiple skull surfaces And to develop protocol for superimposing a sample skull on the average skull model, yielding a color-coded map of surface deviation and dysmorphology Methods: Active patient files in the UCLA Section of Orthodontics were reviewed for the presence of a NewTom ® 3G CBCT scan. The search resulted in 67 patient scans that met the inclusion criteria for the study. CBCT files in DICOM format were first uploaded into a Beta version of Dolphin Imaging ® 11.5 Software. The surface was then segmented using a triangular mesh approach, after which the file was exported to MeshLab ® for viewing and to remove undesired nodes. Topology of each skull was corrected using a principal axis star map and smoothing of the extrapolated regions. Shapes were mapped to a sphere using conformal and area preserving maps, and were then registered using a spherical patch mapping approach. Finally an average was created using 7-parameter procrustes alignment. Results: Size-standardized and non-size standardized average skull models were successfully created for the 67 patient sample. Color-coded displacement maps were generated for a sample patient to demonstrate the potential clinical applicability of this protocol. Conclusions: The results of this investigation suggest that it is possible to average multiple shapes of highly variable topology such as the human skull. The most immediate application of this research will be rapid and detailed diagnostic imaging analysis for orthodontic and surgical treatment planning, particularly in complex cases involving congenital facial anomalies, facial asymmetry, and trauma. There is also great potential for application to areas outside orthodontics such as anthropometrics and genomics.
Download or read book Structure and Development of the Skull written by William Kitchen Parker and published by . This book was released on 1876 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Colour Atlas of the Skull written by B. K. B. Berkovitz and published by Mosby Elsevier Health Science. This book was released on 1989 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human skeletal material is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain. This manual provides complete coverage of the articulated skull, the individual bones of the skull and the teeth. The skull is shown in a series of life-size colour pictures with labelling on accompanying line drawings.
Download or read book The Embryogenesis of the Human Skull written by Robert Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapidly developing diagnostic and therapeutic methods involving direct contact with the human fetus--fetoscopy, fetal surgery, ultrasonic scanning-- demand a precise knowledge of normal structural development during gestation. Toward achieving that goal of precision, Drs. Robert Shapiro and Franklin Robinson have created an atlas described by Richard L. Sidman as "a solid piece of research, executed with considerable esthetic as well as scholarly finesse, and which] will serve as the definitive study on an important aspect of human fetal development." The authors have documented the early development of the human skull in terms of gross size, shape, and the behavior of the individual bones com posing the skull with reference to their ossification centers, ossification rates, and relationships. The data are presented in very high quality photographs and radiographs of the dried skull in several relevant orientations, low magnification color photomicrographs of well sectioned and stained specimens, and color photographs of an unusually fine series of transilluminated skulls prepared by the Spalteholz method. Line drawings are also presented to assist in interpretation. The atlas is organized according to gestational age, and a tabular summary is given of the 63 specimens ranging in age from ten to forty fetal weeks. This will be the basic normative standard reference for studies on develop mental skeletal disorders of the head and neck; it will be useful as well in the study of developmental brain diseases. Radiologists engaged in visualizing the fetus and diagnosing fetal diseases in situ by ultrasound, computerized tomography, and other methods will find this an invaluable tool.
Download or read book The Human Skull written by Spencer Lee Rogers and published by Charles C. Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 1984 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Skull Collection Modification and Decoration written by Michelle Bonogofsky and published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited. This book was released on 2006 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on papers submitted to the session "Skull Collection, Modification and Decoration" organized for the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists, held at University College Cork in Cork, Ireland, September 5-11, 2005. The intent of the volume is to bring together and make available to a wider audience a body of information on skull collection, modification and decoration that spans the Early Neolithic to the twentieth century. The papers are grouped by geographic region - Europe, Middle East, Eurasia, Oceania, New World.
Download or read book How to Draw Skulls The Step By Step Skull Drawing Book written by David K and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing can be such a fun and healthy activity to do with your children. As a parent, have you ever looked into your 5 years old eyes and say:
Download or read book Forensic Analysis of the Skull written by Mehmet Yasar Iscan and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1993-11-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engrossing book offers detailed coverage of forensic implications and methods of craniofacial identification. Race, sex and age morphology are explored along with video superimposition and computer imaging techniques. Several case studies are also included.
Download or read book The Influence of Climate and Diet on Human Skull Shape Form and Size written by David Charles Katz and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late Pleistocene dispersal from Africa, mostly to cooler climates, and the Holocene emergence of agricultural subsistence economies, are two of the more remarkable developments in Homo sapiens’ evolutionary history. A substantial body of research relates directional evolution in global human skull shape and form to the influence of these changes in lifeway. Quantifying these morphological transformations in anything other than broad, correlational terms has, however, proven challenging. The problem is largely methodological. The tendency for populations that share more of an evolutionary past to more closely resemble each other explains a substantial proportion of cranial differentiation among human groups. These effects of population history and structure can obscure the influence of a directional predictor. They must be accounted for statistically if the influence of climate and diet on diversity in the human skull is to be accurately quantified. In studies of recent human skeletal diversity, partial Mantel tests are perhaps the most common method for partitioning structured and directional effects. Partial Mantel tests simplify the comparison among classes of observations—shape, genetic relationships, climate, etc.—by transforming each to a matrix of pairwise distances between populations. The method then tests for correlations (technically, partial correlations) between the distance matrices. The focus is on whether a consistent relationship exists between, say, cranial and diet distances. Distances are practically the natural units of genetic relationships. On a phylogenetic tree, the total distance along branches separating two closely related groups is expected to be shorter than the branch lengths separating remotely related groups. In contrast, the information cost of transforming phenotypic observations to pairwise distances can be very high. This is particularly true for landmark-based observations of shape and form. The beauty of statistical shape analysis is its potential to both quantify and concretely represent morphological variation. When shape data are transformed to distances, the most striking feature of the observations, their shape, is irretrievably lost. Thus, a partial Mantel may speak to whether human cranial shape and diet (distances) are correlated, but not how cranial shape evolved in response to subsistence strategy. Yet it is the latter inquiry that is central to evaluating biological and evolutionary importance. Here, I evaluate the influence of climate and diet on human skull shape and form using a recently-developed mixed model for high-dimensional observations. Mixed models were originally developed specifically to account for dependence in structured samples, and have a long theoretical and applied history in quantitative genetic studies of pedigreed populations. Most importantly, mixed models produce effect size estimates and confidence intervals in the observations’ original units of measurement. In this study, the numerical effect size estimates are translated into two- and three-dimensional shape and form contrasts—intuitive, biologically meaningful representations of how human skull morphology varies with climate and subsistence conditions. The most prominent changes in skull shape and form across the agricultural transition include a generally less massive mandible, smaller anterior temporalis muscle (as delineated by landmarks along the superior temporal line), taller mandibular coronoid process, narrower mandibular ramus, and perhaps a posterior shift of the dentition. These changes are largely consistent with the view that novel food processing technologies and the less resistant physical properties of agricultural foods—cereals, dairy—decreased masticatory demands in farming populations relative to hunter-gatherers. Intriguingly, many of the differences between forager and farmer masticatory morphology are simple extensions of shape transformations that distinguish Homo sapiens from its nearest relatives. This may indicate evolutionary constraints on the evolution of the human masticatory apparatus, or similarities in the direction of evolutionary forces acting on the human skull at macro- and micro-evolutionary timescales. Shape and form changes associated with human migration to colder climates include a larger cranium, more globular cranial vault, and a more vertical, taller face, including a taller nasal aperture. A larger, rounder cranium fits the basic empirical patterns characterized in Bergmann’s and Allen’s Rules, most often hypothesized to relate thermoregulatory demands. Increased facial and nasal height have been interpreted as external manifestations of an internal nasal cavity reconfigured to better warm and moisten inspired air in cold climates. The climate results are consistent with the proposition that distinct evolutionary dynamics govern temperature effects in the face and vault. Changes in vault shape and cranial size (which is primarily vault size) over the temperature range in the sample are reasonably well characterized by a single slope coefficient. In contrast, facial shape and size effects are small across warm and moderate environments, and accelerate in extreme cold. In the pages that follow, Chapter 1 provides a more in-depth introduction to the research. Chapter 2 is a literature review. The materials situate the evidence for climate and diet adaptations in the context of human population history, and review common methodological strategies for evaluating evolutionary questions of this nature. Chapter 3 explains mixed model approaches to estimating directional and structured effects in evolutionary samples. Chapter 4 uses a high-dimensional mixed model to evaluate climate effects on linear measurements of human skull form. Chapters 5 extends the mixed model to three-dimensional cranial and mandibular observations, quantifying both climate and diet effects. Chapter 6 offers concluding remarks.
Download or read book Skull Shape Diversity in Fourteen Ranid Species written by Cindy L. Pfeiffer and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Correction for Artificial Deformation of Skulls written by Harry Lionel Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Morphometric Analysis of Skull Shape in Recent and Fossil Canids Mammalia Carnivora written by William Philip Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Primate Skull Shape Variation in Relation to Habitat written by Sophie Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bones and Ochre written by Marianne Sommer and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When ochre-stained bones were unearthed by William Buckland in a Welsh cave in 1823, they raised many unsettling questions regarding their origin, and inspired the casting and recasting of the character who became known as the Red Lady. Her biography reflects the personal, professional, and national ambitions of those who studied her.
