Download or read book Skeletal Jaw Variability written by Gabriel Marcos Mizraji and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variations in the Form of the Jaws written by James Sim Wallace and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Skeletal Variability in the Human Mandible with Regard to Sex written by Hayley L. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple logistic regression analysis is able to sort the selected data into two distinct groups with the exception of the White population. In addition, the differences between the mean values in the seven measurements provide evidence for sex differences in the mandible.
Download or read book The Developmental Basis of Variation in Tooth and Jaw Patterning written by Theresa M Grieco and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perhaps the most evident conversion of genomic information into functional, morphological phenotypes in an animal occurs during organogenesis, and the study of vertebrate tooth development provides a phenotypically diverse system for which the mechanisms for patterning and morphogenesis have been extensively studied. An understanding of the developmental basis for evolved differences between teeth in different anatomical and phylogenetic contexts brings complementary information to our knowledge of odontogenic mechanisms. Examining difference, or variation, allows for the validation of hypothesized developmental mechanisms, identification of mechanistic flexibility that could be available to evolution or bioengineering, and the redefinition of phenotypes to better align with the natural biological variation available. This dissertation examines the development of the dentition in the frog and emerging developmental model Silurana (Xenopus) tropicalis, including the first gene expression data for odontogenesis in any amphibian. Comparative data for the evolution of dental phenotypes are assembled from descriptions of tooth initiation, dentition patterning, and adult craniodental variation phenotypes, addressing developmental questions at population, subfamily, and phylum levels. Using hematoxylin and eosin-stained histological sections and whole mount preparations of larval S. tropicalis jaws, I demonstrate that individual tooth initiation is broadly similar to that documented for phylogenetic relative Xenopus laevis, but that the process is temporally shifted relative to external developmental traits in the Nieuwkoop and Faber staging system. Furthermore, patterns of tooth initiation in S. tropicalis reveal a lack of synchrony in alternating tooth positions and dynamics that were previously undetected. The frequent presence of 'twinned' tooth germs in whole mount preparations argues against a robust model of local inhibition directing tooth initiation in this species. These findings rule out two hypothesized developmental mechanisms for tooth initiation in S. tropicalis that were derived from data in X. laevis and other homodont vertebrates. In another investigation of first generation tooth development, I examine the expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) , a marker for several phases of odontogenesis across vertebrates. I demonstrate the utility of comparing 'natural experiments' in development with what is known from more anatomically conservative developmental models. In particular, I use the fact that S. tropicalis teeth do not initiate until just before metamorphosis as a case where tooth formation and mouth formation developmental programs are dissociated from one another to evaluate the current consensus odontogenic model for Shh. With in situ hybridization data from S. tropicalis, I fail to detect a Shh-expressing odontogenic band prior to tooth formation, counter to predictions from the consensus model. A review of published functional data and the correspondence between an odontogenic band domain and the presence of functional teeth in other vertebrates reveal several other taxa for which the consensus model appears insufficient to account for variation in the distribution of the marginal dentition. Finally, I explore the ability to infer developmental processes from patterns of adult craniodental variation in three S. tropicalis genetic strains raised in captivity. Osteological measurements and tooth counts are analyzed for patterns of covariation at the functional phenotypic levels of the cranium, the jaw, and the tooth-bearing bone. I demonstrate that the bimodal sexual body length dimorphism does not carry over to any cranial metric trait measured; systemic factors affecting cranial length can explain much of the difference between male and female traits, which are distributed unimodally. Patterns of covariation with cranial size, size-adjusted patterns of pairwise phenotypic correlation, and significant differences between genetic strains all suggest a relative independence of variation in the premaxilla and maxilla in S. tropicalis, and I document evidence for a functional jaw module, in which the tooth row and jaw bones correlate when summed across the jaw, but in which tooth and jaw phenotypes lack integration at the level of individual tooth-bearing bones.
Download or read book A Study of the Angular Variability of the Mandibular Posterior Teeth from the Transverse View written by Thomas Iverson and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Morphometrics For The Life Sciences written by Pete E Lestrel and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2000-08-04 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of form is one of the most fundamental concepts underlying all of the sciences. Our visual system is so well developed that we are able to effortlessly classify and compare visual images. What is not so well developed has been our ability to measure this visual information. This book examines a number of recent approaches currently in use to numerically characterize the biological form. It presents a unique overview of these methods, starting with a review of measurement set in a historical framework. The book will be of interest to graduate students in addition to a wide range of researchers, including those in the specialized fields of human biology, growth and development, orthodontics, botany, biology, ecology, zoology, as well as dentistry and medicine.
Download or read book A Study of the Variability of the Cusp Tips of the Mandibular First Molar in Twins written by Stephen L. Danchok and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Variability of the Facial Skeleton in Two Populations written by John Van der Pyl and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Variability in Two Maxillary and Mandibular Arch Parameters in Twins written by Jacob J. Rosenberg and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relationship of Jaw Skeletal Classification to Airway Dimensions written by Brian M. Bivens and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this project was to determine the relationship between anterior-posterior skeletal classification and upper airway dimensions. The basic assumption of this research was that algorithmically derived volume and area airway measurements should be more accurate than linear airway measurements in predicting skeletal classification. With respect to intra-observer variability, a statistically significant difference was found for the measurements of SNA and Wits. Angular jaw classification measurement ANB was positively correlated to the total airway volume and the minimum axial cross-sectional area (p [less than or equal to] 0.05). This correlation has not been reported in previously. As ANB increases, both total airway volume and minimum axial cross sectional area increase.
Download or read book Bones and Cartilage written by Brian K. Hall and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-23 with total page 911 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bones and Cartilage provides the most in-depth review and synthesis assembled on the topic, across all vertebrates. It examines the function, development and evolution of bone and cartilage as tissues, organs and skeletal systems. It describes how bone and cartilage develop in embryos and are maintained in adults, how bone is repaired when we break a leg, or regenerates when a newt grows a new limb, or a lizard a new tail. The second edition of Bones and Cartilage includes the most recent knowledge of molecular, cellular, developmental and evolutionary processes, which are integrated to outline a unified discipline of developmental and evolutionary skeletal biology. Additionally, coverage includes how the molecular and cellular aspects of bones and cartilage differ in different skeletal systems and across species, along with the latest studies and hypotheses of relationships between skeletal cells and the most recent information on coupling between osteocytes and osteoclasts All chapters have been revised and updated to include the latest research. Offers complete coverage of every aspect of bone and cartilage, with updated references and extensive illustrations Integrates development and evolution of the skeleton, as well a synthesis of differentiation, growth and patterning Treats all levels from molecular to clinical, embryos to evolution, and covers all vertebrates as well as invertebrate cartilages Includes new chapters on evolutionary skeletal biology that highlight normal variation and variability, and variation outside the norm (neomorphs, atavisms) Updates hypotheses on the origination of cartilage using new phylogenetic, cellular and genetic data Covers stem cells in embryos and adults, including mesenchymal stem cells and their use in genetic engineering of cartilage, and the concept of the stem cell niche
Download or read book Bisphosphonates and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Volume 1218 written by John P. Bilezikian and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2011-03-14 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume presents manuscripts stemming from the conference entitled 'Bisphosphonates & Osteonecrosis of the Jaw,' held May 19, 2007 at the New York Academy of Sciences
Download or read book MorphoEvoDevo A Multilevel Approach to Elucidate the Evolution of Metazoan Organ Systems written by and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-11-10 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing animal development in a comparative framework provides a unique window into evolutionary history. With a long tradition that dates back to iconic 19th-century zoologists such as Ernst Haeckel and Charles Darwin, Evolutionary Developmental Biology is firmly rooted in morphological research. While studies using a classical model system approach have resulted in considerable methodological progress, in particular by establishing molecular genetic tools to tackle questions surrounding animal development, it quickly became obvious that a broad comparative dataset involving as many taxa as possible is necessary for sound evolutionary inferences. Thus, today’s EvoDevo embraces morphological, molecular, and experimental procedures, interpreted in a phylogenetic framework, in order to answer key questions that revolve around the evolution of animal cell types, organ systems, and, ultimately, entire species.
Download or read book Dentoalveolar Compensation In Various Skeletal Dysplasias written by Avesh Sachan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The differences in the jaw relationships of subjects with Class-I, Class-II, and Class-III malocclusions are probably due to the fact that in the Class-I group, in contrast to Class-II and Class-III subjects, the variation in jaw relationship has been compensated by the dentoalveolar compensatory mechanism. Therefore, a better understanding of the differences in dentoalveolar compensation in different skeletal pattern subjects may be useful to understand the orofacial functions of individuals, diagnosis and treatment planning of these cases. A process of dentoalveolar compensation in which the teeth and alveolar processes adapt to varying jaw-base relationship, maintaining a functional occlusion despite increased divergence of the basal bones.Quantitative evaluation of the dentoalveolar adaptation to jaw relationship would provide additional information for planning treatment
Download or read book Effects of Orthodontic Treatment on Human Alveolar Bone Density Distribution written by Hechang Huang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Introduction: This study examined the changes of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar tissue mineral density distribution after orthodontic treatment using clinical cone-beam computer tomography (CBCT) images. Methods: CBCT images taken before and after orthodontic treatment from 43 patients were globally segmented. Mean and variability of CT attenuation values of bone voxels were computed for alveolar cortical (AC) and trabecular (AT) bones between the maxillary and mandibular left second premolar and first molar, cervical vertebral trabecular (VT) bone, mandibular left basal cortical (BC) bone and enamel (E). The regional variations within each image, as well as percentage (%) differences of the CT attenuation parameters between regions (AC, AT and VT, BC and E) before and after orthodontic treatment for each patient were computed and compared. Results: AT and AC had higher variability of tissue mineral density than VT, BC and E. The variability of tissue mineral density increased in both jaws for AT, and increased in the maxilla for AC after orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: After orthodontic treatment, bone remodeling activity was increased in the alveolar trabecular bone in both jaws, and was increased in the alveolar cortical bone in the maxilla.
Download or read book Colyer s Variations and Diseases of the Teeth of Animals written by A. E. W. Miles and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-10-30 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colyer's Variations and Diseases of the Teeth of Animals, first published in 1936, which became an indispensable reference for students and research workers in zoology, archaeology and veterinary science, and human dentistry.
Download or read book Biology of Amphibians written by William E. Duellman and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1994-02 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now reissued in paperback with an updated preface by the authors, Biology of Amphibians remains the standard work in its field.
