Download or read book Silicon Photonic Modulators for Low power Applications written by Palmer, Robert and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, silicon photonic integrated circuits are combined with electro-optic organic materials for realizing energy-efficient modulators with unprecedented performance. These silicon-organic hybrid Mach-Zehnder modulators feature a compact size, sub-Volt drive voltages, and they support data rates up to 84 Gbit/s. In addition, a wet chemical waveguide fabrication scheme and an efficient fiber-chip coupling scheme are presented.

Download or read book Silicon Photonic Modulators for Low power Applications written by Robert Palmer and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, silicon photonic integrated circuits are combined with electro-optic organic materials for realizing energy-efficient modulators with unprecedented performance. These silicon-organic hybrid Mach-Zehnder modulators feature a compact size, sub-Volt drive voltages, and they support data rates up to 84 Gbit/s. In addition, a wet chemical waveguide fabrication scheme and an efficient fiber-chip coupling scheme are presented. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Download or read book High Speed Low Power and Mid IR Silicon Photonics Applications written by Luca Alloatti and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the first high-speed silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulator is demonstrated by exploiting a highly-nonlinear polymer cladding and a silicon waveguide. By using a liquid crystal cladding instead, an ultra-low power phase shifter is obtained. A third type of device is proposed for achieving three-wave mixing on the silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) platform. Finally, new physical constants which describe the optical absorption in charge accumulation/inversion layers in silicon are determined.

Download or read book Millivolt Silicon Photonic Modulators for Cryogenic Applications written by Marc De Cea Falco and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryogenic technologies promise to overcome existing bottlenecks in a range of science and engineering fields including quantum computing, high performance computing and single-photon communication systems. As these technologies mature and systems scale, a readout solution for high speed, low power data transfer between the cryogenic environment and room temperature becomes essential. The use of optical links for such data transfer - in what is known as cryogenic optical readout - is appealing due to the low heat conduction of optical fiber and the possibility to exploit wavelength division multiplexing architectures. However, existing demonstrations suffer from large power dissipation associated with amplifying the millivolt signals generated by the cryogenic systems. This thesis deals with the development of silicon photonic modulators operating at cryogenic temperatures and capable of modulating an optical carrier with millivol-level driving signals. We show cryogenic operation of CMOS photonic resonant modulators in the forward bias regime with high modulation efficiency and reduced power dissipation, and demonstrate cryogenic optical readout of a superconducting single photon detector. We also present a new operation mode for optical modulators that leverages parasitic photocurrent to achieve electrical gain and reduce power dissipation. Modulation with signal levels down to 4 mVpp and electrical power dissipation in the zJ/bit range is demonstrated. This thesis sets the foundation for silicon photonics to realize scalable, low power, high throughput cryogenic readout, addressing one of the key remaining challenges for the wide adoption of cryogenic technologies.

Download or read book Integrated Silicon based Optical Modulators written by Kensuke Ogawa and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book discusses the principles and the latest progress of silicon optical modulators as cutting-edge integrated photonic devices on silicon-photonic platforms, which play key roles in modern optical communications with low power consumption, small footprints, and low manufacturing costs. Silicon Mach-Zehnder optical modulators are emphasized as the principal small-footprint optical modulator because of its superior performance in high-speed optical modulation at operational temperatures beyond 100 degrees Celsius without power-consuming thermo-electric cooling in spectral bands over 100 nm"--

Download or read book Silicon organic hybrid SOH electro optic modulators for high speed and power efficient communications written by Wolf, Stefan and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulators add a highly efficient nonlinear organic electro-optic cladding material to the silicon photonic platform, thereby enabling efficient electro-optic modulation. In this book, the application potential of SOH modulators is investigated. Proof-of-principle experiments show that they can be used for high-speed communications at symbol rates up to 100 GBd and operated directly from a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) without additional driver amplifiers.

Download or read book Advanced Silicon Photonic Modulators written by Cheryl M. Sorace and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various electrical and optical schemes used in Mach-Zehnder (MZ) silicon plasma dispersion effect modulators are explored. A rib waveguide reverse biased silicon diode modulator is designed, tested and found to operate at speeds up to 13 GHz with a V"L of 1.2 Vcm. MOS capacitor modulator designs are investigated as an alternative, but are not found to offer significant advantages. Modulators are also designed for fabrication in an actual CMOS process -a crucial step in the quest for low-cost integration with modern electronic devices. Photonic crystal structures, which promise smaller footprint sizes and lower power requirements, are also investigated, but it proves difficult to obtain a physically feasible design. Finally, a linearization scheme for Mach-Zehnder modulators is proposed to significantly improve signal fidelity in analog applications. Simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of this scheme for reverse biased silicon diode modulators.

Download or read book High Speed Low Power and Mid IR Silicon Photonics Applications written by Luca Alloatti and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the first high-speed silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) modulator is demonstrated by exploiting a highly-nonlinear polymer cladding and a silicon waveguide. By using a liquid crystal cladding instead, an ultra-low power phase shifter is obtained. A third type of device is proposed for achieving three-wave mixing on the silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) platform. Finally, new physical constants which describe the optical absorption in charge accumulation/inversion layers in silicon are determined.

Download or read book Optical Interconnects for Future Data Center Networks written by Christoforos Kachris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-07 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks covers optical networks and how they can be used to provide high bandwidth, energy efficient interconnects for future data centers with increased communication bandwidth requirements. This contributed volume presents an integrated view of the future requirements of the data centers and serves as a reference work for some of the most advanced solutions that have been proposed by major universities and companies. Collecting the most recent and innovative optical interconnects for data center networks that have been presented in the research community by universities and industries, this book is a valuable reference to researchers, students, professors and engineers interested in the domain of high performance interconnects and data center networks. Additionally, Optical Interconnects in Future Data Center Networks provides invaluable insights into the benefits and advantages of optical interconnects and how they can be a promising alternative for future data center networks.

Download or read book Silicon organic hybrid electro optic modulators for high speed communication systems written by Zwickel, Heiner and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-09 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SOH (silicon-organic hybrid) elektrooptische Modulatoren kombinieren Siliziumphotonik mit organischen elektro-optischen Materialien. Dieses Buch befasst sich mit Aspekten, die speziell für den Einsatz von SOH-Modulatoren in praktischen optischen Hochgeschwindigkeitskommunikationssystemen relevant sind, wie z. B. Aufbau- und Verbindungstechnik, Modellierung und die Implementierung effizienter Modulationsformate für IM/DD-Formate. - Silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) electro-optic modulators combining silicon photonic structures with organic EO materials are investigated. This book addresses aspects that are specifically relevant for the use of SOH modulators in practical high-speed optical communication systems such as packaging, modelling of the device, and the implementation of efficient intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM/DD) modulation formats.

Download or read book Integrated Photonics for Data Communication Applications written by Madeleine Glick and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-07-26 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Photonics for Data Communications Applications reviews the key concepts, design principles, performance metrics and manufacturing processes from advanced photonic devices to integrated photonic circuits. The book presents an overview of the trends and commercial needs of data communication in data centers and high-performance computing, with contributions from end users presenting key performance indicators. In addition, the fundamental building blocks are reviewed, along with the devices (lasers, modulators, photodetectors and passive devices) that are the individual elements that make up the photonic circuits. These chapters include an overview of device structure and design principles and their impact on performance. Following sections focus on putting these devices together to design and fabricate application-specific photonic integrated circuits to meet performance requirements, along with key areas and challenges critical to the commercial manufacturing of photonic integrated circuits and the supply chains being developed to support innovation and market integration are discussed. This series is led by Dr. Lionel Kimerling Executive at AIM Photonics Academy and Thomas Lord Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at MIT and Dr. Sajan Saini Education Director at AIM Photonics Academy at MIT. Each edited volume features thought-leaders from academia and industry in the four application area fronts (data communications, high-speed wireless, smart sensing, and imaging) and addresses the latest advances. - Includes contributions from leading experts and end-users across academia and industry working on the most exciting research directions of integrated photonics for data communications applications - Provides an overview of data communication-specific integrated photonics starting from fundamental building block devices to photonic integrated circuits to manufacturing tools and processes - Presents key performance metrics, design principles, performance impact of manufacturing variations and operating conditions, as well as pivotal performance benchmarks

Download or read book Silicon organic hybrid devices for high speed electro optic signal processing written by Lauermann, Matthias and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various elements of the silicon photonics platform, electro-optic IQ modulators play an important role. In this book, silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) integration is used to realize electro-optic IQ modulators for complex signal processing. Leveraging the high nonlinearity of organic materials, SOH IQ modulators provide low energy consumption for high-speed data transmission and frequency shifting. Furthermore, the device design is adapted for commercial foundry processes.

Download or read book Silicon Photonics for High Performance Computing and Beyond written by Mahdi Nikdast and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-17 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics is beginning to play an important role in driving innovations in communication and computation for an increasing number of applications, from health care and biomedical sensors to autonomous driving, datacenter networking, and security. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of effort in industry and academia to innovate, design, develop, analyze, optimize, and fabricate systems employing silicon photonics, shaping the future of not only Datacom and telecom technology but also high-performance computing and emerging computing paradigms, such as optical computing and artificial intelligence. Different from existing books in this area, Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technology and research achievements in applying silicon photonics for communication and computation. It focuses on various design, development, and integration challenges, reviews the latest advances spanning materials, devices, circuits, systems, and applications. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Requirements and the latest advances in high-performance computing systems • Device- and system-level challenges and latest improvements to deploy silicon photonics in computing systems • Novel design solutions and design automation techniques for silicon photonic integrated circuits • Novel materials, devices, and photonic integrated circuits on silicon • Emerging computing technologies and applications based on silicon photonics Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a compilation of 19 outstanding contributions from academic and industry pioneers in the field. The selected contributions present insightful discussions and innovative approaches to understand current and future bottlenecks in high-performance computing systems and traditional computing platforms, and the promise of silicon photonics to address those challenges. It is ideal for researchers and engineers working in the photonics, electrical, and computer engineering industries as well as academic researchers and graduate students (M.S. and Ph.D.) in computer science and engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, applied physics, photonics, and optics.

Download or read book Photonic Integration and Photonics Electronics Convergence on Silicon Platform written by Koji Yamada and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-10 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics technology, which has the DNA of silicon electronics technology, promises to provide a compact photonic integration platform with high integration density, mass-producibility, and excellent cost performance. This technology has been used to develop and to integrate various photonic functions on silicon substrate. Moreover, photonics-electronics convergence based on silicon substrate is now being pursued. Thanks to these features, silicon photonics will have the potential to be a superior technology used in the construction of energy-efficient cost-effective apparatuses for various applications, such as communications, information processing, and sensing. Considering the material characteristics of silicon and difficulties in microfabrication technology, however, silicon by itself is not necessarily an ideal material. For example, silicon is not suitable for light emitting devices because it is an indirect transition material. The resolution and dynamic range of silicon-based interference devices, such as wavelength filters, are significantly limited by fabrication errors in microfabrication processes. For further performance improvement, therefore, various assisting materials, such as indium-phosphide, silicon-nitride, germanium-tin, are now being imported into silicon photonics by using various heterogeneous integration technologies, such as low-temperature film deposition and wafer/die bonding. These assisting materials and heterogeneous integration technologies would also expand the application field of silicon photonics technology. Fortunately, silicon photonics technology has superior flexibility and robustness for heterogeneous integration. Moreover, along with photonic functions, silicon photonics technology has an ability of integration of electronic functions. In other words, we are on the verge of obtaining an ultimate technology that can integrate all photonic and electronic functions on a single Si chip. This e-Book aims at covering recent developments of the silicon photonic platform and novel functionalities with heterogeneous material integrations on this platform.

Download or read book Silicon Photonic Interferometric Modulators written by David Patel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In recent years, the amount of traffic within data centers has increased to a point where electrical interconnects are being replaced by optical interconnects and pluggable modules. Silicon photonics, which uses the existing CMOS fabrication capabilities to develop integrated photonics, offers the ability to make compact devices in high volume with relatively better yield. This makes it a highly desired platform to develop optical transceivers and components for modern data centers. As such, it has recently reached the production phase of the technology development cycle. This thesis studies several devices that are applicablein leading data centers. A detailed analysis and characterization of a silicon Michelson modulator with short 500 um phase shifters and a low VpiLpi of 0.72 V-cm under reverse bias is presented. The optical modulation of reverse biased p-n and forward biased p-i-n junctions is investigated. For reverse bias operation, it is demonstrated that bandwidth can be increased with lower impedance drivers and the driver impedance limits the bitrate achievable. Furthermore, forward bias operation with pre-emphasized signals is shown to have clean eye diagrams up to 40 Gbps. Energy consumption is estimated for all cases of studies and their trade-offs are explained.The work on modulators is further developed by studying series push-pull traveling wave Mach-Zehnder modulators. Measurements of electrodes is compared with simulation validating the methods of increasing impedance and microwave effective index with T-shaped electrodes. Moreover, designs with two and three level implants are compared and it is concluded with measurements that a two level doping design is as good as the design with three level implants, thus reducing the number of masks and processing steps required. Another variation of modulators is the dual-drive modulators. Here, the spacing between electrodes can lead to coupling, which results in different responses depending on whether the modulator is driven single-endedly or differentially. The electro-optic frequency response of a four-port traveling-wave dual-drive modulator with relatively weak coupling amongst the electrodes is measured. It is shown that the electro-optic frequency response of the Mach-Zehnder modulator can be predicted with a 2x2 cascaded matrix model if the Mach-Zehnder modulator is symmetric and differentially driven. In recent years, the increase in data transfers has demanded that more bits be transmitted and received in a given bandwidth. The design and characterization of a silicon-on-insulator traveling-wave multi-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator is reported in this thesis. This 2-bit electro-optic digital-to-analog converter is formed by dividing a series push-pull Mach-Zehnder modulator into two segments, one for each bit, thus allowing for PAM-4 modulation without using a digital-to-analog converter. The device is operated at speeds up to 50 Gbaud and thus generating 100 Gbps on a single wavelength without signal processing at the transmitter or the receiver. The pre-forward error correction bit error rate is estimated to be lower than the hard-decision forward error correction threshold of 3.8e-3 over 1 km of standard single-mode fiber.Another component that is crucial in optical networks is the optical switch. The optical switch has numerous applications in protection and restoration as well as in certain modern data center architectures. A 4x4 fully non-blocking crossbar switch fabric based on interferometric thermal phase shifters is developed and reported in this thesis. Here, heating is achieved using resistive elements around the silicon waveguide. Switching times of 5 us and 36 mW power consumption in an individual switching element is measured. As a proof of concept, the quality in degradation of switching is demonstrated by routing an input signal to some of the outputs of the switch." --

Download or read book Silicon Organic Hybrid Platform for Photonic Integrated Circuits written by Korn, Dietmar and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-29 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the potential of the silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) platform for integrated optics. The unique properties of selected organic materials are added to silicon devices made with CMOS-based processes. We investigate the feasibility of this approach by making prototypes of key components in form of photonic integrated circuits: SOH lasers and SOH modulators are designed, fabricated, post-processed, and characterized. Application scenarios are identified.

Download or read book Design Analysis and Performance of a Silicon Photonic Traveling Wave Mach Zehnder Modulator written by David Patel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Silicon photonics is a technology platform for integrating passive and active optical devices. The ability to use existing CMOS-VLSI foundry processes to fabricate integrated optics enables large volume production at low costs while maintaining compatibility with electronic integrated circuits. With the recent explosion in network traffic, large datacenters are demanding higher and higher intra-datacenter transmission speeds over distances of up to 20 km. For this application, optical interconnects are more energy efficient and are able to satisfy the bandwidth demands of the foreseeable future. Optical modulators are an essential component of these communication links and immense research is dedicated to developing efficient high bitrate devices. It is desirable to have high bitrate transmission over a single channel because it simplifies multiplexing (e.g., fewer wavelengths and parallel fibers) which can increase costs. The work presented in this thesis uses the silicon photonic platform to realize an integrated Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) suitable for datacenter communication links.A series push-pull traveling wave MZM is designed using T-shaped extensions to increase the microwave index. The modulator is designed to have a characteristic impedance close to 50 Ohms for matching with common microwave drivers and terminations. In addition, the group velocities of the microwave and optical wave are closely matched to optimize the electro-optic bandwidth. A 37 GHz -3 dB electro-optic bandwidth was measured at 1 V reverse bias. The DC Vpi was measured to be 7 V in the most efficient arm, corresponding to a VpiLpi of 2.8 V-cm. For on-off keying modulation, open eye diagrams are visible up to 60 Gbps. Error-free operation with a bit error rate (BER)