Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells Analysis and Basic Understanding written by Martin Bivour and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by W.R. Fahrner and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of “conventional” solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the ‘hero’ of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.

Download or read book Toward Better Understanding and Improved Performance of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The double-sided silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cell is more appropriate for n-type crystal silicon (c-Si) wafers than for p-type c-Si wafers because there is a larger band offset to the valence band edge of hydrogenated amorphous silicon than to the conduction band edge. Thin intrinsic and doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a Si:H) double layers by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) are investigated as passivation layers, emitters, and back-surface-field (BSF) contacts to both p- and n-type wafers. Passivation quality is studied by characterizing the SHJ solar cells and by photoconductive decay (PCD) minority-carrier lifetime measurements. The crystal-amorphous heterointerface is studied with real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to detect phase change and material evolution, with a focus on better understanding the factors determining passivation effectiveness. A common feature in effective passivation, emitter, and BSF layers is immediate a-Si:H deposition and an abrupt and flat interface to the c-Si substrate. In this case, good wafer passivation or an excellent heterojunction is obtained, with a low interface recombination velocity (S) or a high open-circuit voltage (Voc). Voc greater than 640 mV, S less than 15 cm/sec, and efficiency of 14.8% have been achieved on polished p type Czochralski-grown (CZ) Si wafers. Collaboration between NREL and Georgia Tech resulted in a 15.7%-efficient HWCVD-deposited SHJ cell on non-textured FZ-Si with a screen-printed Al back surface field (BSF), the highest reported HWCVD SHJ cell. Collaboration between NREL and SunPower demonstrated that HWCVD a-Si:H passivation can be better than the conventional oxides, with a low surface recombination velocity of 42 cm/sec on textured n-type FZ-Si.

Download or read book Physics and Technology of Amorphous Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.

Download or read book High Efficiency Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Eun-Chel Cho and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is composed of 6 papers. The first paper reports a novel technique for the selective emitter formation by controlling the surface morphology of Si wafers. Selective emitter (SE) technology has attracted renewed attention in the Si solar cell industry to achieve an improved conversion efficiency of passivated-emitter rear-contact (PERC) cells. In the second paper, the temperature dependence of the parameters was compared through the PERC of the industrial-scale solar cells. As a result of their analysis, PERC cells showed different temperature dependence for the fill factor loss as temperatures rose. The third paper reports the effects of carrier selective front contact layer and defect state of hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer/n-type crystalline silicon interface. The results demonstrated the effects of band offset determined by band bending at the interface of the passivation layer and carrier selective front contact layer. In addition, the nc-SiOx: H CSFC layer not only reduces parasitic absorption loss but also has a tunneling effect and field-effect passivation. The fourth paper reports excimer laser annealing of hydrogenated amorphous silicon film for TOPCon solar cell application. This paper analyzes the crystallization of a-Si:H via excimer laser annealing (ELA) and compared this process with conventional thermal annealing. The fifth paper reports the contact mechanism between Ag–Al and Si and the change in contact resistance (Rc) by varying the firing profile. Rc was measured by varying the belt speed and peak temperature of the fast-firing furnace. The sixth paper reports a silicon tandem heterojunction solar cell based on a ZnO/Cu2O subcell and a c-Si bottom subcell using electro-optical numerical modeling. The buffer layer affinity and mobility together with a low conduction band offset for the heterojunction are discussed, as well as spectral properties of the device model.

Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells The Key Role of Heterointerfaces and Their Impact on the Performance written by Miroslav Mikolášek and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter is dedicated to the processes linked with the collection of photo-generated carriers in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells with a focus on the key role of the amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon heterojunction. The intention is to explain the role of carrier inversion at the heterointerface and connect it with the properties of the SHJ to obtain deeper understanding of carrier transport properties and collection, which goes beyond amorphous silicon-based structures and will contribute to understanding the new emerging SHJ based on amorphous silicon oxide and metal oxide emitter layers. The study is extended by a simulation of the TCO/emitter interface with the aim to reveal the effect of parasitic Schottky barrier height on the performance of the SHJ solar cell. In addition, the simulation study of SHJ under concentrated light and varied temperatures is outlined to show the main limitations and prospects of SHJ structures for utilization under concentrated light.

Download or read book Amorphous Silicon Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Wolfgang Rainer Fahrner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amorphous Silicon/Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells deals with some typical properties of heterojunction solar cells, such as their history, the properties and the challenges of the cells, some important measurement tools, some simulation programs and a brief survey of the state of the art, aiming to provide an initial framework in this field and serve as a ready reference for all those interested in the subject. This book helps to “fill in the blanks” on heterojunction solar cells. Readers will receive a comprehensive overview of the principles, structures, processing techniques and the current developmental states of the devices. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang R. Fahrner is a professor at the University of Hagen, Germany and Nanchang University, China.

Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Dong Xu and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Silicon heterojunction solar cells----Understanding and optimization of a-Si PECVD deposition" is a summary of author's research work on silicon heterojunction solar cells at Institute of Energy Conversion, University of Delaware. The author's team is the first U.S. research group that demonstrates a >18% silicon heterojunction solar cell and the first team in worldwide that demonstrates an all back contact silicon heterojunction solar cell.

Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.

Download or read book Interdigitated Back Contact Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by John Allen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdigitated back contact silicon hetero-junction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells using a-Si emitter and contact layers show significant potential advantages over standard hetero-junction devices: higher short-circuit current (Jsc) since there is no grid shading and higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) due to better surface passivation. However, they often suffer from low fill factor (FF). IBC-SHJ processing steps include two separate photoresist masks for doped amorphous silicon depositions, and all amorphous layers are deposited using Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). The thicknesses of the front surface layers are optimized so that reflection and absorption are minimized. Measurement techniques, such as current-voltage, reflection, and quantum efficiency, were used to characterize the experimental devices. These techniques were also investigated in simulations to match modeled data to experimental results. Using two-dimensional simulations to model IBC-SHJ devices on Float Zone (FZ) n-Si, we found that the FF was nearly independent of the defect concentrations in contact and passivating i-layers but strongly dependent on the defects in emitter and the band gap in the rear i-layer. Voc and Jsc were nearly independent of defects in either doped layer. In a-Si doped layers it is well known that the number of defects increase with doping. We find that the FF is sensitive to either mid-gap or band tail states and that S-shaped JV curves responsible for low FF can be eliminated by a decrease in p-layer mid-gap or band tail defect levels, or by decreasing the rear i-layer's band gap. The insensitivity of FF to defects in the n-layer or in the i-layer suggests the FF is dominated by minority carrier injection/collection from the p-type emitter layer. The dependence of FF on the rear i-layer band gap suggests that increasing the offset in the valence band impedes minority carrier collection. Rear-surface geometry, wafer resistivity, and wafer lifetime and thickness were also investigated in simulations, and their results are shown. With the advancement of IBC-SHJ technology, new device structures, such as larger cells with more interdigitated fingers, will be fabricated and simulated.

Download or read book Advances in Computer Communication and Control written by Utpal Biswas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses the recent research trends in various sub-domains of computing, communication and control. It includes research papers presented at the First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Science. Focusing on areas such as optimization techniques, game theory, supply chain, green computing, 5g networks, Internet of Things, social networks, power electronics and robotics, it is a useful resource for academics and researchers alike.

Download or read book Nanostructured Solar Cells written by Narottam Das and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-02-22 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured solar cells are very important in renewable energy sector as well as in environmental aspects, because it is environment friendly. The nano-grating structures (such as triangular or conical shaped) have a gradual change in refractive index which acts as a multilayer antireflective coating that is leading to reduced light reflection losses over broadband ranges of wavelength and angle of incidence. There are different types of losses in solar cells that always reduce the conversion efficiency, but the light reflection loss is the most important factor that decreases the conversion efficiency of solar cells significantly. The antireflective coating is an optical coating which is applied to the surface of lenses or any optical devices to reduce the light reflection losses. This coating assists for the light trapping capturing capacity or improves the efficiency of optical devices, such as lenses or solar cells. Hence, the multilayer antireflective coatings can reduce the light reflection losses and increases the conversion efficiency of nanostructured solar cells.

Download or read book Surface Passivation of Industrial Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells written by Joachim John and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely, comprehensive work on solar cell surface passivation will collect and convey the scientific and technological progress provided by universities, research institutes and companies to implement dielectric passivation layers into the solar cell manufacturing process for c-Si solar cells. With a focus on industrial manufacturing it will comprehensively cover all promising techniques and describe the process from material research to full production implementation of dielectric layers for silicon solar cell passivation.

Download or read book High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells written by Martin A. Green and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early chapters comprehensively review the optical and transport properties of silicon. Light trapping is described in detail. Limits on the efficiency of silicon cells are discussed as well as material requirements necessary to approach these limits. The status of current approaches to passifying surfaces, contacts and bulk regions is reviewed. The final section of the book describes the most practical approaches to the fabrication of high-efficiency cells capable of meeting the efficiency targets for both concentrated and non-concentrated sunlight, including a discussion of design and processing approaches for non-crystalline silicon.

Download or read book Silicon Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Roberto Murri and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon Based Thin Film Solar Cells explains concepts related to technologies for silicon (Si) based photovoltaic applications. Topics in this book focus on ‘new concept’ solar cells. These kinds of cells can make photovoltaic power production an economically viable option in comparison to the bulk crystalline semiconductor technology industry. A transition from bulk crystalline Si solar cells toward thin-film technologies reduces usage of active material and introduces new concepts based on nanotechnologies. Despite its importance, the scientific development and understanding of new solar cells is not very advanced, and educational resources for specialized engineers and scientists are required. This textbook presents the fundamental scientific aspects of Si thin films growth technology, together with a clear understanding of the properties of the material and how this is employed in new generation photovoltaic solar cells. The textbook is a valuable resource for graduate students working on their theses, young researchers and all people approaching problems and fundamental aspects of advanced photovoltaic conversion.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity in photovoltaic energy conversion and can help to overcome the global energy crisis. Solar cells have many applications including remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites, wristwatches, water pumping, photodetectors and remote radiotelephones. Solar cell technology is economically feasible for commercial-scale power generation. While commercial solar cells exhibit good performance and stability, still researchers are looking at many ways to improve the performance and cost of solar cells via modulating the fundamental properties of semiconductors. Solar cell technology is the key to a clean energy future. Solar cells directly harvest energy from the sun’s light radiation into electricity are in an ever-growing demand for future global energy production. Solar cell-based energy harvesting has attracted worldwide attention for their notable features, such as cheap renewable technology, scalable, lightweight, flexibility, versatility, no greenhouse gas emission, environment, and economy friendly and operational costs are quite low compared to other forms of power generation. Thus, solar cell technology is at the forefront of renewable energy technologies which are used in telecommunications, power plants, small devices to satellites. Aiming at large-scale implementation can be manipulated by various types used in solar cell design and exploration of new materials towards improving performance and reducing cost. Therefore, in-depth knowledge about solar cell design is fundamental for those who wish to apply this knowledge and understanding in industries and academics. This book provides a comprehensive overview on solar cells and explores the history to evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and so on. It also includes solar cells’ characterization analytical tools, theoretical modeling, practices to enhance conversion efficiencies, applications and patents.

Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.