Download or read book Shock Initiation of PBX 9502 EDC 35 and LX 17 written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ignition and Growth Modeling of the Shock Initiation of PBX 9502 at 55C and 196C written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Shock Initiation of PBX 9502 at Elevated Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shock sensitivity of PBX-9502 is known to change with temperature. Both volume expansion and increased internal energy may contribute to theis phenomenon. PBX-9502 was heated and its initiation and detonation behavior was examined, using MI and shock tracker gauging on a light gas gun. Sensitivity and reactive wave profiles were measured. Complementary experiments were done on PBX-9502 made to undergo ``ratchet growth``, or non-reversible anisotropic thermal expansion, under carefully controlled thermal cycling. This process causes noticeable size changes and significant changes in sensitivity. Sensitivity and reactive wave profiles are discussed in terms of density and microscopic material morphology.
Download or read book Shock Initiation Experiments on Ratchet Grown PBX 9502 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study compares the shock initiation behavior of PBX 9502 pressed to less than nominal density (nominal density is 1.890 ± 0.005 g/cm3) with PBX 9502 pressed to nominal density and then ''ratchet grown'' to low density. PBX 9502 is an insensitive plastic bonded explosive consisting of 95 weight % dry-aminated tri-amino-tri-nitro-benzene (TATB) and 5 weight % Kel-F 800 plastic binder. ''Ratchet growth'' - an irreversible increase in specific volume - occurs when an explosive based on TATB is temperature cycled. The design of our study is as follows: PBX 9502, all from the same lot, received the following four treatments. Samples in the first group were pressed to less than nominal density. These were not ratchet grown and used as a baseline. Samples in the second group were pressed to nominal density and then ratchet grown by temperature cycling 30 times between -54 C and +80 C. Samples in the final group were pressed to nominal density and cut into 100 mm by 25.4 mm diameter cylinders. During thermal cycling the cylinders were axially constrained by a 100 psi load. Samples for shock initiation experiments were cut perpendicular (disks) and parallel (slabs) to the axial load. The four sample groups can be summarized with the terms pressed low, ratchet grown/no load, axial load/disks, and axial load/slabs. All samples were shock initiated with nearly identical inputs in plate impact experiments carried out on a gas gun. Wave profiles were measured after propagation through 3, 4, 5, and 6 mm of explosive. Side by side comparison of wave profiles from different samples is used as a measure of relative sensitivity. All reduced density samples were more shock sensitive than nominal density PBX 9502. Differences in shock sensitivity between ratchet grown and pressed to low density PBX 9502 were small, but the low density pressings are slightly more sensitive than the ratchet grown samples.
Download or read book Shock Waves written by Klaus Hannemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 810 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 26th International Symposium on Shock Waves in Göttingen, Germany was jointly organised by the German Aerospace Centre DLR and the French-German Research Institute of Saint Louis ISL. The year 2007 marked the 50th anniversary of the Symposium, which first took place in 1957 in Boston and has since become an internationally acclaimed series of meetings for the wider Shock Wave Community. The ISSW26 focused on the following areas: Shock Propagation and Reflection, Detonation and Combustion, Hypersonic Flow, Shock Boundary Layer Interaction, Numerical Methods, Medical, Biological and Industrial Applications, Richtmyer Meshkov Instability, Blast Waves, Chemically Reacting Flows, Diagnostics, Facilities, Flow Visualisation, Ignition, Impact and Compaction, Multiphase Flow, Nozzles Flows, Plasmas and Propulsion. The two Volumes contain the papers presented at the symposium and serve as a reference for the participants of the ISSW 26 and individuals interested in these fields.
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter 2001 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2002 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 336 papers discusses recent research on the response of inert and energetic materials to high-pressure environments produced by rapid loading phenomena. This includes theoretical, computational (modeling/simulation) and experimental studies of inert and energetic materials, as well as ballistic and material synthesis studies and advances in experimental techniques. All papers have been peer-reviewed.
Download or read book Shock Initiation of Damaged Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explosive and propellant charges are subjected to various mechanical and thermal insults that can increase their sensitivity over the course of their lifetimes. To quantify this effect, shock initiation experiments were performed on mechanically and thermally damaged LX-04 (85% HMX, 15% Viton by weight) and PBX 9502 (95% TATB, 5% Kel-F by weight) to obtain in-situ manganin pressure gauge data and run distances to detonation at various shock pressures. We report the behavior of the HMX-based explosive LX-04 that was damaged mechanically by applying a compressive load of 600 psi for 20,000 cycles, thus creating many small narrow cracks, or by cutting wedge shaped parts that were then loosely reassembled, thus creating a few large cracks. The thermally damaged LX-04 charges were heated to 190 C for long enough for the beta to delta solid - solid phase transition to occur, and then cooled to ambient temperature. Mechanically damaged LX-04 exhibited only slightly increased shock sensitivity, while thermally damaged LX-04 was much more shock sensitive. Similarly, the insensitive explosive PBX 9502 was mechanically damaged using the same two techniques. Since PBX 9502 does not undergo a solid - solid phase transition but does undergo irreversible or 'rachet' growth when thermally cycled, thermal damage to PBX 9502 was induced by this procedure. As for LX-04, the thermally damaged PBX 9502 demonstrated a greater shock sensitivity than mechanically damaged PBX 9502. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model calculated the increased sensitivities by igniting more damaged LX-04 and PBX 9502 near the shock front based on the measured densities (porosities) of the damaged charges.
Download or read book Reactive Flow Modeling of the Interaction of TATB Detonation Waves with Inert Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ignition & Growth model for the shock initiation and detonation of solid explosives is applied to calculating the main features of detonation waves in the triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB) based high explosives LX-17, PBX 9502 and EDC-35. Under detonation conditions, TATB based explosives exhibit reaction zone lengths of 2 to 3 mm depending on the interactions between the detonation wave and the surrounding inert materials. This paper describes comparisons of Ignition & Growth calculations with data from several two- and three-dimensional experiments in which various materials are used to confine the TATB based explosives. The calculated unconfined failure diameters of PBX 9502 are normalized to the measured values at five initial temperatures. Failure diameters for LX-17 are then estimated by changing only the fraction ignited near the shock front. Fabry-Perot data on spherically divergent LX-17 snowball experiments is also compared to calculations. Calculated detonation velocities, wave front curvatures, and metal acceleration velocities are compared to experimental detonation data for TATB-based high explosives in tantalum, copper, PMMA, brass, and beryllium confinement. Three-dimensional prism failure test results on PBX 9502 are also stimulated using the ALE3D code.
Download or read book Initiation of Preshocked High Explosives PBX 9404 PBX 9502 PBX 9501 Monitored with In material Magnetic Gauging written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desensitization of explosives by preshocking is being studied using the well-supported plane shock waves generated by a gas gun. Evolution of the waves in the explosive is monitored using in-material multiple magnetic gauges to measure particle velocity in the lagrangian frame, over ≈ 3[mu]s of run. PBX-9404, PBX-9502 have been studied, at pressures up to 10.5 GPa. A substantial extension of the run to detonation is observed in PBX-9404, with the run beginning approximately at the end of the preshocked region. A reactive wave is observed while the preshock persists in both PBX-9404 and PBX-9501, but evidently does not contribute to the detonation wave or shorten the run to detonation. PBX-9502 is inert at pressures accessible with the gas gun, but serves to clarify the progress of multiple shocks over the off-Hugoniot EOS surface and the shock dynamics of wave coalescence.
Download or read book LASL Explosive Property Data written by Terry R. Gibbs and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Traffic in Arms Regulations ITAR 22 CFR 120 130 written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Energy Materials written by Jai Prakash Agrawal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-20 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by an insider with over 40 years of high energy materials (HEMs) experience in academia, industry and defense organizations, this handbook and ready reference covers all important HEMs from the 1950s to the present with their respective properties and intended purposes. Written at an attainable level for professionals, engineers and technicians alike, the book provides a comprehensive view of the current status and suggests further directions for research and development. An introductory chapter on the chemical and thermodynamic basics allows the reader to become acquainted with the fundamental features of explosives, before moving on to the important safety aspects in processing, handling, transportation and storage of high energy materials. With its collation of results and formulation strategies hitherto scattered in the literature, this should be on the shelf of every HEM researcher and developer.
Download or read book Military Explosives written by Ordnance Department and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Energetic Compounds written by Mohammad Hossein Keshavarz and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses methods for the assessment of energetic compounds through heat of detonation, detonation pressure, velocity and temperature, Gurney energy and power. The authors focus on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of non-ideal aluminized energetic compounds. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of simple, reliable methods for the design, synthesis and development of novel energetic compounds.
Download or read book High Energy Density Materials written by Thomas M. Klapötke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-06-12 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Pressure Shock Compression of Solids II written by Lee Davison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume concerns the fracture and fragmentation of solid materials that occurs when they are subjected to extremes of stress applied at the highest possible rates. The plan for the volume is to address experimental, theoretical, and com putational aspects of high-rate dynamic fracture and fragmentation, with emphasis on recent work. We begin with several chapters in which the emphasis falls on experimental methods and observations. These chapters address both macroscopic responses and the microscopic cause of these re sponses. This is followed by several chapters emphasizing modeling-the physical explanation and mathematical representation of the observations. Some of the models are deterministic, while others focus on the stochastic aspects of the observations. Often, the ov\!rall objective of investigation of dynamic fracture and fragmentation phenomena is provision of a means for predicting the entire course of an event that begins with a stimulus such as an impact and proceeds through a complicated deformation and fracture pro cess that results in disintegration of the body and formation of a rapidly expanding cloud of debris fragments. Analysis of this event usually involves development of a continuum theory and computer code that captures the experimental observations by incorporating models of the important pheno mena into a comprehensive description of the deformation and fracture pro cess. It is to this task that the work of the last few chapters is devoted.
Download or read book The Associated Press Library of Disasters Fires and explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
