Download or read book Separation of Commercial and Investment Banking written by George J. Benston and published by Springer. This book was released on 1990-06-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The latest in a series of studies in banking and international finance. This book deals with all aspects of the Glass-Steagall Act, and the relationship between the commercial banks and the investment banks.
Download or read book Separation of Investment Banking and Commercial Banking written by John MacCarthy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to critically examine existing literature on separation of commercial banking activities from investment banking activities in order to advise whether the commercial and investment banking activities should be combined or separated. Introduction of new regulation in the wake of global financial crisis bring with it additional operating cost to operators of the financial sectors. While supervising plethora of regulations by central banks becomes difficulty and in the end nothing is achieve from it. The paper identified the causes of the global financial crisis that commenced in the mid-2007 as a result of global financial imbalance; long period of low interest rates in the advanced economies; consumer failure to monitor for themselves; managers compensation schemes encouraged risk-taking; skewed incentives of the rating agencies and finally, the limitation of risk measurement and regulation. These reasons contributed to the global financial crises and not the repealed Glass-Steagall Act. The study concluded that the repealed of the Act did not cause the global financial crisis in 2007 but was rather due to inadequate supervision by the regulators. The study adopts content analysis to assess the risks associated with combining the two operations together and those who posit that the combination should be separated and those in favour of it. The study professed some recommendations that will protect public interest and private capital while carrying out combined operations of commercial banking and investment banking activities.
Download or read book To Separate Or Not to Separate Investment from Commercial Banking An Empirical Analysis of Attention Distortion Under Multiple Tasks written by Reint Gropp and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of the 2008/2009 financial crisis, a number of policy reports (Vickers, Liikanen, Volcker) proposed to separate investment banking from commercial banking to increase financial stability. This paper empirically examines one theoretical justification for these proposals, namely attention distortion under multiple tasks as in Holmstrom and Milgrom (1991). Universal banks can be viewed as combining two different tasks (investment banking and commercial banking) in the same organization. We estimate pay-performance sensitivities for different segments within universal banks and for pure investment and commercial banks. We show that the pay-performance sensitivity is higher in investment banking than in commercial banking, no matter whether it is organized as part of a universal bank or in a separate institution. Next, the paper shows that relative pay-performance sensitivities of investment and commercial banking are negatively related to the quality of the loan portfolio in universal banks. Depending on the specification, we obtain a reduction in problem loans when investment banking is removed from commercial banks of up to 12 percent. We interpret the evidence to imply that the higher pay-performance sensitivity in investment banking directs the attention of managers away from commercial banking within universal banks, consistent with Holmstrom and Milgrom (1991). Separation of investment banking and commercial banking may indeed be associated with a reduction in risk in commercial banking.
Download or read book Separation of Commercial and Investment Banking written by George James Benston and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Who Benefits from Deregulating the Separation of Banking Activities Differential Effects on Commercial Bank Investment Bank and Thrift Stock Returns written by Kathy Czyrnik and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the deregulation impact on commercial banks, investment banks, and thrifts associated with four major events progressively integrating commercial and investment banking activities in the United States during the 1990s. We find that commercial banks are the only group to react favorably to Federal Reserve announcements relaxing firewalls and easing restrictions on commercial bank revenues from investment banking activities. These regulations primarily benefit large banks. The Bankers Trust acquisition announcement of investment bank Alex Brown is associated with increased wealth for each of the three types of financial service institutions. At the eventual deregulation of the financial services industry, with the passage of the Financial Services Modernization Act in 1999, the values of commercial banks and investment banks increase significantly although thrifts are not affected.
Download or read book Commercial and Investment Banking written by Mike Adu-Gyamfi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the arguments for and counter-arguments against the separation of the services of investment and commercial banks. It firstly, looks at banking in general and the intermediary role of banks in promoting economic development through the allocations resources, and analyses the key features of main branches of banking including commercial, investment and universal banking. The paper also deduces the fundamental differences between commercial and investment banking in terms of services provided, regulation, sources of revenue and modes of operations. The Banking Act of 1933 referred to as Glass - Steagall Act was promulgated in the United States of America to promote the separation of commercial and investment banks, (Tabarrok, 1998; Jackson, 1987; Filipiak, 2009; Mayer, 2009). This Act was said to be occasioned by the financial crisis of the 1930s where the U.S stock fell by 90% from its 1929 peak. (Tabarrok, 1998). The proponents of this Act cited conflict of interest amongst other things to support the need for the separation. One counter argument put forward by Casserley, Härle and Macdonald (n.d) is that sophisticated global economy requires one-stop large banks where customers can be offered vast range of products and services. It is concluded that though universal banking is highly beneficial, there is the need for strict regulation, constant and effective supervision in order to avoid conflict of interest, monopoly and possible failure of the banking system.
Download or read book Making Banks Safer written by Mr.Julian T. S. Chow and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses proposals to redefine the scope of activities of systemically important financial institutions. Alongside reform of prudential regulation and oversight, these have been offered as solutions to the too-important-to-fail problem. It is argued that while the more radical of these proposals such as narrow utility banking do not adequately address key policy objectives, two concrete policy measures - the Volcker Rule in the United States and retail ring-fencing in the United Kingdom - are more promising while still entailing significant implementation challenges. A risk factor common to all the measures is the potential for activities identified as too risky for retail banks to migrate to the unregulated parts of the financial system. Since this could lead to accumulation of systemic risk if left unchecked, it appears unlikely that any structural engineering will lessen the policing burden on prudential authorities and on the banks.
Download or read book Size Matters written by Charles K. Whitehead and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conventional story is that the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act broke down the Glass-Steagall Act's wall separating commercial and investment banking in 1999, increasing risky business activities by commercial banks and precipitating the 2007 financial crisis. But the conventional story is only one-half complete. What it omits is the effect of change in commercial bank regulation on financial firms other than the commercial banks. After all, it was the failure of Lehman Brothers -- an investment bank, not a commercial bank -- that sparked the meltdown. This Article provides the rest of the story. The basic premise is straightforward: By 1999, the Glass-Steagall Act's original purpose -- to protect commercial banks from the capital markets -- had reversed. Instead, its main function had become protecting the capital markets from new competition by commercial banks. Once the wall came down, commercial banks gained a sizeable share of the investment banking business. To offset lost revenues, investment banks pursued riskier businesses, growing their principal investments and increasing the amounts they borrowed to finance them. In effect, they assumed the features of commercial banks -- a reliance on short-term borrowing to finance longer-term (and riskier) investments. For the investment banks, combining the two was lethal and eventually triggered the financial meltdown. The divide between two sets of regulators, those regulating commercial banks and those regulating investment banks, enabled the change. The need for greater regulatory coordination has grown with convergence in the financial markets. Although new regulation has addressed some of the concern, the gap between regulators continues today -- raising the risk of repeating mistakes from the past. Acknowledging the role of bank regulation (and de-regulation) in reshaping the capital markets is a key step in the right direction.
Download or read book Monetary Policy and the Housing Bubble written by Jane Dokko and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship Between Investment and Commercial Banking written by Mary Ann Gadziala and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investment Banking Crash Course written by IntroBooks and published by IntroBooks. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Man learnt to invest a long time ago, but investment banking has a relatively short history. It wasn’t until the Dutch East India Company, VOC, started issuing bonds and shares of stock to the general public that investment banking saw the light of the day. But since then, the services provided by investment banks has grown exponentially and it is today considered to be one of the most lucrative segments of financial institutions. Investment banking is different from commercial or retail banks in the fact that they do not take deposits. But this is not the only difference, there are other things that make investment banking unlike any other form of banking. There are a number of functions performed by investment banks. Investment bankers in the U.S. must be a licensed broker-dealer and they must follow the rules and regulations laid down by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Knowing the history of investment banking, the manner in which it has evolved over the period of time and the different services that it offers can help anyone who wants to be an investment banker or who is interested in investment banking.
Download or read book The Financial Services Revolution written by Catherine England and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Chapter 5, William Shughart also considers the part that politics played in banking legislation during the 1930s, but he looks at the banking legislation passed in the United States. Shughart draws par ticular attention to the provisions in the Banking Act of 1933 that required the separation of commercial and investment banking activ ities. Applying a public choice analysis, Shughart asks who gained from the provisions, and he concludes that the commercial banking industry, the investment banking industry, and the U. S. Treasury Department can all be said to have benefited in the years immedi ately following the passage of the act. Richard Timberlake, in his comment, extends Shughart's analysis to show how the federal gov ernment manipulated the monetary policy of the 1930s for its own benefit. The history of the regulation of the savings and loan industry is the subject of Chapter 6. James Barth and Martin Regalia examine the way in which regulation of the industry has evolved since the first savings and loan was established in the 1830s. They conclude that the stated purpose of regulation appears to have changed, even while the regulations themselves often have not. Barth and Regalia provide some important insights into the contribution of thrift regu lation to the current problems facing the indusb-y as well as some suggestions about the direction reform should-and should not take.
Download or read book The Business of Investment Banking written by K. Thomas Liaw and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of investment banking for professionals and students The investment banking industry has changed dramatically since the 2008 financial crisis. Three of the top five investment banks in the United States have disappeared, while Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley have converted to commercial banking charters. This Third Edition of The Business of Investment Banking explains the changes and discusses new opportunities for students and professionals seeking to advance their careers in this intensely competitive field. The recent financial regulation overhaul, including the Dodd-Frank legislation, is changing what investment banks do and how they do it, while the Volcker rule has shaken up trading desks everywhere. This new edition updates investment banking industry shifts in practices, trends, regulations, and statistics Includes new chapters on investment banking in BRIC countries, as Brazil, Russia, India, and China now account for a quarter of the global economy Explains the shift in the listing of securities away from New York to various financial centers around the world, and how major exchanges compete for the same business This new edition, reflecting the current state of the investment banking industry, arrives in time to better serve professionals wanting to advance their careers and students just beginning theirs.
Download or read book The Nazi Dictatorship and the Deutsche Bank written by Harold James and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-13 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of Deutsche Bank, Germany's largest commercial bank, during the Nazi dictatorship, and asks how the bank changed and accommodated to a transition from democracy and a market economy to dictatorship and a planned economy. Set against the background of the world depression and the German banking crisis of 1931, the book looks at the restructuring of German banking and offers material on the bank's expansion in central and eastern Europe. As well as summarizing recent research on the bank's controversial role in gold transactions and the financing of the construction of Auschwitz, the book also examines the role played by particular personalities in the development of the bank, such as Emil Georg von Strauss and Hermann Abs.
Download or read book Conflict of Interest and the Separation of Commercial and Investment Banking written by Raghuram Rajan and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Separation of Banking and Commerce in the United States written by Bernard Shull and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taming the Megabanks written by Arthur E. Wilmarth Jr and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Banks were allowed to enter securities markets and become universal banks during two periods in the past century - the 1920s and the late 1990s. Both times the ensuing unsustainable booms led to destructive busts - the Great Depression of the early 1930s and the Global Financial Crisis of2007-09. Both times, universal banks made high-risk loans and packaged them into securities that were sold as safe investments to poorly-informed investors. Both times, governments were forced to arrange costly bailouts.Congress passed the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 in response to the Great Depression. The Act broke up universal banks and established a decentralized financial system composed of three separate and independent sectors: banking, securities, and insurance. That system was stable and successful for overfour decades until the big-bank lobby persuaded regulators to open loopholes in Glass-Steagall during the 1980s and convinced Congress to repeal it in 1999.In Taming the Megabanks, Arthur Wilmarth, Jr. argues that we must separate banks from securities markets again to avoid another devastating financial crisis and ensure that our financial system serves Main Street business firms and consumers instead of Wall Street bankers and speculators. Wilmarth'scomprehensive and detailed analysis of the roles played by universal banks in the two worst financial catastrophes of the past century demonstrates that a new Glass-Steagall Act would make our financial system much more stable and less likely to produce boom-and-bust cycles. And giant universalbanks would no longer dominate our financial system or receive enormous subsidies.Congress did not adopt a new Glass-Steagall Act after the Global Financial Crisis. Instead, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank Act. Dodd-Frank's highly technical reforms tried to make banks safer but left the dangerous universal banking system in place. Universal banks continue to pose unacceptablerisks to financial stability and economic and social welfare. They exert far too much influence over our political and regulatory systems because of their immense size and their undeniable "too-big-to-fail" status.Taming the Megabanks forcefully makes the case for a a new Glass-Steagall Act to break up universal banks. A more decentralized and competitive system of independent banks and securities firms would not only provide better service to Main Street businesses and ordinary consumers but also bringstability to a volatile financial system.
