Download or read book Selective Attention Deficits Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Michele Lynn Ries and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alleviating Attentional Disturbances Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Alicia Rhian Dymowski and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attentional impairments following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common, and often significantly debilitating. Debate continues as to whether deficits in strategic control of attention are proportionate to, or remain after controlling for, reduced speed of information processing. Despite the debate, attention and speed deficits interfere with return to life roles, necessitating early remediation. Pharmacological treatment with immediate-release methylphenidate (MP) has been shown to improve processing speed, attentiveness and caregiver ratings of attention after TBI. To date, there has been no investigation of the safety or efficacy of extended-release MP in this population, which has the advantage of once daily administration. Non-pharmacological rehabilitation techniques include restorative approaches (e.g. computer training) and compensatory approaches (e.g. strategy training). As yet, there is limited documentation of the experience of individuals with TBI undertaking either of these approaches.The study aims were to 1) investigate whether individuals with TBI demonstrated greater deficits in performance on traditional and novel attentional tasks with increased working memory or executive load relative to healthy controls, after controlling for slowed information processing. In an attempt to rehabilitate such deficits, subsequent aims were to 2) determine proof of concept, in a pilot study, that once daily dosing with extended-release MP would be tolerated and associated with improvements on processing speed and complex attentional measures, ratings of everyday attentional behaviour and functional outcomes after TBI; and 3) in a series of single-case studies, investigate the effects of individualised strategy training beyond the effects of computerised training with Attention Process Training 3 (APT-3) on tests of attention, generalisation to an ecological attention task, and ratings of everyday attentional behaviour, and to examine subjective experience of these approaches.In the first study 25 individuals with TBI and 25 matched controls were assessed on a range of attentional and executive measures. Individuals with TBI demonstrated slowed speed of processing on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), visual n-back task, computerised selective attention Test (SAT), Ruff 2&7 Selective Attention Test (2&7), Hayling Test and Trail Making Test A. There was no difference between groups in working memory performance on Digit Span. Individuals with TBI demonstrated disproportionate increase in reaction time with complexity, which was accounted for by speed on the SAT, but remained after controlling for speed on the Hayling Inhibition Test. The TBI group made more errors on the Hayling Test, misses on the n-back and were unable to benefit from the 2&7 automatic condition. Thus, deficits in processing speed were pervasive and there was evidence of impaired strategic control on a response inhibition task.The second study was a pilot randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel trial. Ten individuals with TBI and attention deficits received daily extended-release MP or placebo for seven weeks. Assessments were conducted at baseline, week 8 (on-drug), week 9 (off-drug) and 7 months follow-up. Vital signs and side effects were monitored weekly. MP did not enhance performance on attention or processing speed measures, or functional outcomes. There were greater improvement ratios for the MP relative to placebo group from baseline to week 8 (on-drug) for ratings of everyday attentional behaviour. MP was associated with increased blood pressure and anxiety. Extended-release MP may be used to improve everyday attention after TBI, but monitoring is important given potential for changes in vital signs and side effects. A large number of individuals were ineligible or declined to participate in this drug study. Hence, the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions should also be investigated.The single-case series study, with ABCA (baseline, APT-3, strategy training, follow-up) design, included three individuals with attention deficits following severe TBI. Improvements were evident on SDMT and automatic condition of the cancellation tasks after APT-3 and follow-up, but most improvement was observed after strategy training. There was limited generalisation on the Test of Everyday Attention and self-ratings of everyday attentional behaviour. Significant other ratings of everyday attentional behaviour were mixed after APT-3 but demonstrated improvement after strategy training. Variability in attentional deficits and everyday attentional requirements necessitated individualised goals and interventions between participants. Research should continue to investigate pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to remediate attention after TBI to ensure rehabilitation can be tailored to individuals and their everyday attentional demands.

Download or read book Investigating Selective Attention After Mild to Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury Using Perceptual Load Theory written by Christopher Waters and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “This study used Lavie's (1995, 2010) perceptual load theory to investigate selective attention deficits after mild to moderate Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). This theory predicts that when the load involved in a task does not exceed perceptual resources (low load), there is spare capacity for irrelevant distractors to be processed. This leads to distractor interference, with incompatible distractors causing maximal interference compared to neutral and compatible distractors. When perceptual resources are exceeded (high load) differential distractor interference effects are reduced or eliminated. ”

Download or read book Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury written by Vicki Anderson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes multidisciplinary, integrative, and translational approaches to research and practice in pediatric traumatic brain injury.

Download or read book Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment written by Edward D Levin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The costs associated with a drug's clinical trials are so significant that it has become necessary to validate both its safety and efficacy in animal models prior to the continued study of the drug in humans. Featuring contributions from distinguished researchers in the field of cognitive therapy research, Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment examines some of the most popular and successful animal archetypes used in the context of drug discovery. It provides integrated coverage of the latest research concerning neuronal systems relevant to cognitive function and dysfunction, assimilating reviews of this research within the context of each chapter. This approach is unique in that it brings together molecular and neurochemical methodologies, behavioral applications in translational models, and clinical applications. The book comprehensively discusses a wide variety of animal models of cognitive impairment, including genetic, lesion, pharmacological, and aging related impairments. It also explores the significance of this research in regards to the treatment of various addictions and disorders such as stroke, autism, Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, and ADHD. Edited by two renowned authorities in the field, Animal Models of Cognitive Impairment is a timely book that provides integrated coverage of cutting-edge research that concerns neuronal systems relevant to cognitive function and dysfunction.

Download or read book The Test of Everyday Attention written by Ian H. Robertson and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the developme

Download or read book Training of Attention During the First Year After Acquired Brain Injury written by Aniko Bartfai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Attention deficits are common after an acquired brain injury (ABI). Attention can be trained with attention process training, APT, a golden standard for the chronic stage after ABI. However, most patients undergo rehabilitation within one-year post injury. Recommendations for early cognitive neurorehabilitation and specifically for attention training are inconclusive.Objectives Evaluate the efficacy of intensive attention training after ABI on attention and memory within 4-12 months post-injury in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).Method A group of patients (n=107) (78% stroke and 22% TBI) in interdisciplinary outpatient rehabilitation were randomized to either additional 20 hours of attention training with APT (n=56) or activity-based attention training (n=51). The following neuropsychological test were used Ruff 2&7(Ruff 2&7 Selective Attention Test), Digit Span , Letter-Number-Sequences and Block repetition (WAIS-IV), Rey auditory verbal learning task (RAVLT), the Color-word test (CWT) and the Trail Making Test (TMT) from Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS), Patients ratings were; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Behavioral Assessment of the Dysexecutive Syndrome BADS) and The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Assessments were administrated pre and post intervention and at 6 months follow-up.ResultsThe results indicate that the largest gains for both groups over time were within the area of psychomotor speed (CWT, TMT and Ruff 2&7 speed but not accuracy), but there were no significant differences between the treatment groups. Behavioral self-ratings (CFQ and BADS) also improved over time, but no differences were observed between the two treatment groups.ConclusionsNo significant differences in treatment effect were observed. One must consider the possibility that also the level of attention treatment in the control group was high, and that APT as add-on rendered little or no extra effect on treatment results.

Download or read book Sports Related Concussions in Youth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.

Download or read book Attention Deficits and Recovery Following Selective Brain Lesions written by Janet M. Vargo and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and Validation of a Music based Attention Assessment for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury written by Eunju Jeong and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impairments in attention are commonly seen in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). While attention assessment measurements have been developed rigorously and utilized frequently in cognitive neurorehabilitation, there is a paucity of auditory attention assessment instruments that are ecologically valid and that assess different subtypes of attention. Yet, deficits in auditory attention can severely limit everyday functioning, negatively impact work and personal relationships and compromise personal safety. The purpose of this study was to develop and to investigate the psychometric properties of a Music-based Attention Assessment (MAA) instrument. The MAA is a multiple choice, melodic contour identification test, designed to assess three different types of auditory attention, including sustained attention, selective attention, and divided attention. The MAA was piloted with patients with TBI (n = 15) and healthy adults (n = 30) separately to evaluate preliminary psychometric properties. Both pilot studies reported that the MAA possessed a very high reliability and appropriate item properties. However, the MAA was revised due to a ceiling effect on mean test scores in the healthy adult group. The revised version of the MAA was administered to healthy adults (n = 165) as well as TBI patients (n= 22) to investigate construct validity, item properties, test reliability, and difference in MAA performance between groups. Here, psychometric validation of the revised version of the MAA is described, and the obtained results reported. Exploratory factor analysis identified five-factor constructs, supporting the different types of attention that underlie the test items of the revised version of the MAA. The factors identified were Sustained-Short, Sustained-Med to Long, Selective-Noise, Selective & Divided, and Divided-Long. After item elimination, the finalized 45-item MAA in relation to the identified five-factor constructs provided evidence of high internal consistencies as computed by split-half reliability coefficients (r = .836) and Cronbach's alpha ([alpha] = .940), indicating homogeneity of test items within each of the five subtest as well as for the total test. As predicted, significant differences were found between the healthy adult and TBI patient samples across the exploratively obtained five-factor constructs of the revised version of the MAA. The MAA performance was significantly better in the healthy adult group than in the TBI patient group, except on the Sustained Attention--Short Subtest, indicating pervasive attention impairments in patients with TBI. The finding also suggests that a basic level of sustained attention to deal with a small amount of auditory information during a limited time might be intact for the patients with TBI who have a moderate to severe level of brain injury. The aggregate findings suggest that the MAA is a valid and reliable measure that provides diagnostic information in regards to the three types of auditory attention deficits frequently observed in patients with TBI. The use of melodic contours in attention assessment is discussed along with limitations of the study and suggestions for future research. The MAA, when used in conjunction with attention assessment instruments in different sensory modalities, would provide a greater level of precision in the attention assessment of patients with TBI, resulting in more symptom specific and individualized rehabilitation and treatment.

Download or read book Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis written by Christian Dettmers and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dear Readers, If you are engaged in the treatment of patients with MS (pwMS), this e-book’s aim is to offer novel insights to improve on an understanding of one of the major problems of pwMS: fatigue. Although there is increasing research into fatigue and its impact on MS, this collection of ten articles supports a better understanding of fatigue in MS patients. It explores pathophysiological concepts, provoking mechanisms, objective measurements, personality interactions, pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and summarizes clinical management. It is written by neurologists, psychologists, scientists and therapists and addresses this group of people, who deal with pwMS in private, clinical, rehabilitation or scientific settings. Its aim is to communicate high-quality information, knowledge and experience on MS to healthcare professionals, while providing global support for the international MS community.

Download or read book Remediation of Sustained Attention Following Traumatic Brain Injury written by Jon Jay Van Doren and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structures and Functions of Selective Attention written by Michael I. Posner and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A principle problem of neuropsychology is to relate the neural structures damaged in traumatic brain injury with their functions in the cognitive tasks of daily life. This lecture reviews evidence that elementary operations of cognition as defined by cognitive studies are the level at which the brain localizes its computations. Orienting of visual attention is used as a model task. The component facilitations and inhibitions in visual orienting are related to neural systems through the study of focal neurological lesions. Visual orienting is a part of a more general selective attention system that also involves orienting to language. Our ability to be aware of and to act upon target events depends upon the connections of posterior orienting these pathways in studies of focal changes in cerebral blood flow during performance of language tasks. Although we do not have a general analysis of the mental operations performed by these anterior systems, there is some evidence relating the dorsolateral prefrontal and areas of the medial surface to aspects of focal selection. One way to study the generality of the attentional system developed in this lecture is to examine putative deficits of attention in disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and closed head injury where the organic basis for the deficit is largely unknown. Our preliminary studies of schizophrenia are used to support the utility of the joint functional and structural analysis proposed here.

Download or read book Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy for Traumatic Brain Injury written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-01-28 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may affect 10 million people worldwide. It is considered the "signature wound" of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. These injuries result from a bump or blow to the head, or from external forces that cause the brain to move within the head, such as whiplash or exposure to blasts. TBI can cause an array of physical and mental health concerns and is a growing problem, particularly among soldiers and veterans because of repeated exposure to violent environments. One form of treatment for TBI is cognitive rehabilitation therapy (CRT), a patient-specific, goal-oriented approach to help patients increase their ability to process and interpret information. The Department of Defense asked the IOM to conduct a study to determine the effectiveness of CRT for treatment of TBI.

Download or read book Brain Repair After Stroke written by Steven C. Cramer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-28 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.

Download or read book Clinical Neuropsychology of Attention written by Adriaan H. Zomeren and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book does not adopt a particular theoretical orientation but tries to clarify the various conceptualizations of attention that are encountered in the literature. Throughout, the book critically reviews the literature on attentional deficits in frequently occurring neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. This material is organized according to the types of tasks used to investigate attention, such as tests of focused, divided, and sustained attention.