Download or read book Sediment Accumulation and Human Impacts in Tillamook Bay Oregon written by Michael N. Styllas and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tillamook Bay is the second largest estuary on the Oregon coast, and concerns have been raised whether human induced impacts have been responsible for the perceived increase in sedimentation rates during the past century. Major land-use practices within the five watersheds of the Bay include logging, forest fires, the construction of forest roads, the placement of dikes along the channels of the main rivers and in the estuary, the removal of riparian vegetation, and the construction of jetties at the tidal inlet. Each of these practices has led to impacts on the entire ecosystem of the watersheds and the Bay, but this study focuses on the effects of human disturbances on the Bay's sediment accumulation. This study examines in detail the land-use practices that have occurred in the watersheds, on the beaches, and in the estuary, focusing on those that have had a direct impact on the sedimentation regime of the Bay. One goal of the study is to assess the relative roles of natural processes versus human impacts on the sedimentation. A general description of the physical characteristics of Tillamook Bay and its surroundings is included, and a brief discussion is provided about the tectonic setting of the Northwest Coast, including its history of subduction earthquakes and the associate sea-level changes. Also provided is a summary of the existing information concerning the arrival of Indians and their environmental impacts, followed by a more detailed account of the major impacts that have resulted from the settlement of the Euro-Americans in the Tillamook area, in the 1850's. The study then focuses on the description of the watersheds from a geomorphologic point of view, and the important land-use practices that may have affected sediment yields during the past century. Analyses of the hydrology of the Tillamook Bay watersheds are included, and the relations between annual water yields and total precipitation are examined in distinct time intervals, each corresponding to a different period with different amounts of land uses. The results of these hydrology analyses suggest that the Tillamook watershed gradually recovered from a period of major disturbances (from 1933 to 1955) to more normal conditions (from 1977 to 1998). In addition, this part of the study attempts to quantify the sediment transport regime of the rivers draining the watershed by using a hydraulic model that is based on the principle of stream power, and on considerations of availability of transported material. Application of this model during the 1933-1955 period for the major rivers suggests an average sediment yield on the order of 410,540 tons/year, but most important are the relative changes of the delivered sediment through time. The results of the model suggest a 1.6-factor decrease of the amount of river sediments from the Heavily Impacted Period (1933-1955) of major disturbances to the Normal Period (1977- 1998). The spatial variations of beach and river derived sediments throughout the Bay are determined from textural and mineralogical analyses of surface sediment samples, with the beach sands dominating the area close to the inlet and the river derived sands being mainly deposited at the southeast and northeast parts of the Bay. The relative contributions of these two major sources of sediment were found to be 60% for the marine beach and 40% for the river sands. Further attempt is made to distinguish between the sand transported into the Bay from the individual rivers, and to determine the main processes that are responsible for the dispersion of sediments within the Bay. The attempts to distinguish sands contributed by the individual rivers involved modal analyses of the frequency curves of the surface sediment samples, and the results mainly suggest a grain-size increase away from the mouth of the rivers as a result of sediment reworking by estuarine processes following its initial deposition during episodic river flooding. The main processes that control the dispersion of sediments and their deposition within the Bay were identified by using factor analysis, the results of which suggest that various estuarine processes are responsible for the observed dispersal patterns. A brief review is provided of the study undertaken by Dr. James McManus for the collection and analyses of core samples from Tillamook Bay. Down-core geochemical analyses of major and minor elements indicate that there have been times of episodic input of marine sediment in the central and western portions of the Bay, which is a result of either periodic breaching or washover of Bayocean Spit, so that the beach sand source was more important in the past. This episodic input of marine sand as inferred from the down-core geochemical variations was related to the most recent subduction earthquake, which occurred on January 26th, 1700. Finally, a summary of the results and conclusions of different aspects of this study is presented, so that sedimentation in Tillamook Bay can be viewed as an integrated process involving the watersheds, the estuary, and the ocean beaches.
Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics
Download or read book The Human Impact on the Natural Environment written by Andrew S. Goudie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of this classic student text provides an up-to-date and comprehensive view of the major environmental issues facing the world today, and is an essential introduction to the past, present and future impact of humans on Earth. Explores the impact of humans upon vegetation, animals, soils, water, landforms, and the atmosphere. Updated extensively, with many new figures and up-to-date statistics. Four completely new chapters explore the ways in which global climate change may have an impact on Earth in the future. A new design makes the text even more accessible and easy to use. Visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/humanimpact to access the artwork from the book.
Download or read book Human Impact on the Natural Environment written by Andrew S. Goudie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brand new edition of the definitive textbook on humankind’s impact on the Earth’s environment—now in full color This classic text explores the multitude of impacts that humans have had over time upon vegetation, animals, soils, water, landforms, and the atmosphere. It considers the ways in which climate changes and modifications in land cover may change the environment in coming decades. Thoroughly revised to cover the remarkable transformation in interest that humans are having in the environment, this book examines previously uncovered topics, such as rewilding, ecosystem services, techniques for study, novel and no analogue ecosystems, and more. It also presents the latest views on big themes such as human origins, the anthropocene, domestication, extinctions, and ecological invasions. Extensively re-written, Human Impact on the Natural Environment, Eighth Edition contains many new and updated statistical tables, figures, and references. It offers enlightening chapters that look at the past and present state of the world—examining our impact on the land itself and the creatures that inhabit it; the oceans, lakes, rivers and streams; and the climate and atmosphere. The book also takes a deep look at our future impact on the planet and its resources—our affect on the coastal environments, the cryosphere and the drylands, as well as the hydrological and geomorphological impacts. Fully updated to take account of recent advances in our understanding of global warming and other phenomena Offers current opinions on such topics as human origins, the anthropocene, domestication, extinctions, and ecological invasions Features a full-color presentation to allow for more and clearer photographs and diagrams Contains more international case studies than previous editions to balance UK examples Human Impact on the Natural Environment is essential reading for undergraduates in geography and environmental science, and for those who want a thorough, wide-ranging and balanced overview of the impacts of humans upon natural processes and systems from the Stone Age to the Anthropocene and who wish to understand the major environmental issues that concern the human race at the present time.
Download or read book Sediment Accumulation in Tillamook Bay Oregon a Large Drowned river Estuary written by Paul D. Komar and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the sediments in Tillamook Bay.
Download or read book Sediment Sources and the History of Accumulation in Tillamook Bay Oregon written by James McManus and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change written by John A Matthews and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 1059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SAGE Handbook of Environmental Change is an extensive survey of the interdisciplinary science of environmental change, including recent debates on climate change and the full range of other natural and anthropogenic changes affecting the Earth-ocean-atmosphere system in the past, present and future. It examines the historic importance, present status and future prospects of the field over two volumes. With more than 40 chapters, the books situate the defining characteristics and key paradigms within a state-of-the-art review of the field, including its changing nature and diversity of approaches, evidence base, key theoretical arguments, resonances with other disciplines and relationships between theory, research and practice. Opening with a detailed, contextualizing essay by the editors, the work is arranged into six parts: Part One: Approaches to Understanding Environmental Change Part Two: Evidence of Environmental Change and the Geo-ecological Response Part Three: Causes, Mechanisms and Dynamics of Environmental Change Part Four: Key Issues of Human-induced Environmental Changes and Their Impacts Part Five: Patterns, Processes and Impacts of Environmental Change at the Regional Scale Part Six: Responses of People to Environmental Change and Implications for Society Global in its coverage, scientific and theoretical in its approach, the books bring together an international set of respected editors and contributors to provide an exciting, timely addition to the literature on climate change. With the subjects′ interdisciplinary framework, this book will appeal to academics, researchers, postgraduates and practitioners in a variety of disciplines including, geography, geology, ecology, environmental science, archaeology, anthropology, politics and sociology.
Download or read book Coastal Hazards written by Charles W. Finkl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-11 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the gamut of coastal hazards that result from short-term low-frequency events and have high-magnitude and far-reaching impacts on coastal zones the world over. Much of the world’s population now lives in low-lying coastal zones that are inherently vulnerable to natural hazards such as flooding from hurricanes, tropical storms and northeastern storm surges; shoreline (beach and dune) erosion; cliff and bluff failures; and saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers used for drinking water supplies. In addition to the usual range of hydrometeorological disasters in coastal zones, this book covers tsunami impacts and warning systems as well as global perspectives of sea-level rise impacts and human perceptions of potential vulnerabilities resulting from rip currents that cause many drownings each year on beaches. Today, the use of numerical models that help predict vulnerabilities and provide a basis for shore protection measures is important in modern scientific and engineering systems. Final considerations focus on human actions in the form of the urbanization and industrialization of the coast, shore protection measures, and indicate how environmental degradation around coastal conurbations exacerbates the potential for unwanted impacts. Strategies for environmental management in coastal zones, from low-lying wetlands to high cliffs and rocky promontories, are highlighted as a means of living in harmony with Nature and not trying to conquer it.
Download or read book Sediment Sources and the History of Accumulation in Tillamook Bay Oregon August 1998 written by James McManus and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Final report.
Download or read book Rocks of the Tillamook Bay Drainage Basin the Coast Range of Oregon written by Gregory Bostrom and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling the Human Well being Benefits of Ecosystem Restoration and Management for Environmental Decision Making written by Susan Harrell Yee and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-08-28 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human well-being is inextricably linked to the condition of the natural environment. Environmental management decisions often aim to maintain ecosystems in a healthy and resilient condition while providing the ecosystem goods and services that humans want and need. Models, methods, frameworks, and metrics are needed to characterize and forecast the potential benefits from remediation, restoration, and revitalization that improve human health and well-being through the delivery of ecosystem services. However, ecosystems are complex, and layering on social and economic considerations can make environmental decision-making seem intractable. Dynamics of socio-ecological systems are complicated, making models a pivotal tool for identifying and quantifying relationships, assessing historical patterns, and forecasting alternative decision scenarios. The goal of this Research Topic is to leverage modeling approaches to provide science-based evidence, metrics, and frameworks and methods for quantifying how restored ecosystem goods and services lead to benefits for public health, community well-being, and economic vitality. Modeling approaches may range in complexity from conceptual models to statistical models to dynamic process models, empirically-derived to mechanistic to participatory. Research will evaluate connections between ecosystem condition, ecosystem services, and human health and well-being, and may include covarying socio-economic or biophysical factors that modify relationships between ecosystem health and perceived or realized benefits. Applications or case studies will demonstrate how to integrate community priorities with nature-based solutions to enhance benefits of environmental remediation, ecological restoration, community revitalization, and climate resilience decisions.
Download or read book Rocks of the Tillamook Bay Drainage Basin the Coast Range of Oregon Sources of Sediment Accumulation in the Bay March 1997 written by Gregory Bostrom and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the nature of geologic rock formations found within Tillamook Bay drainage.
Download or read book Sand Rights 99 written by Lesley Ewing and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection contains 37 papers presented at the Sand Rights '99 conference, held in Ventura, California, September 23-26, 1999.
Download or read book Geology of Holocene Barrier Island Systems written by Richard A. Jr. Davis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barrier islands represent a complex coastal system that includes a number of different sedimentary depositional environments; nearshore zone, beach, dunes, washover fans, marshes, tidal flats, estuaries, lagoons, and tidal inlets. The morphodynamics of these fragile coastal systems provide a further complication to this coastal type. Although barrier islands comprise only 15% of the world's coastline, they have received a far greater proportion of attention from the scientific and engineering community, and more recently, from coastal managers and environmentalists. Modern barrier islands are arguably the most expensive and most vulnerable of all coastal environments. Pressure from developers for residential, industrial, and recreational development has caused most of our barriers to become significantly impacted by human activity, especially over the past few decades. These pres sures have led to extensive preservation of natural barriers through efforts from all levels of government and also by private organizations. Governments have also formed coastal management programs that help to control any future de velopment with the intent being to keep human activity compatible with barrier island morphodynamics. In order to devise appropriate coastal zone management programs, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the morpho dynamics of barrier island systems. This volume provides comprehensive details on barrier island morphology, sediment distribution, and the process-response mechanisms that cause changes to both. These are the important aspects of barrier systems that can provide important input into the development and implementation of coastal management programs.
Download or read book Tillamook Bay Drainage Basin Erosion and Sediment Study Oregon written by United States. Soil Conservation Service and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Change in San Francisco Estuary Tidal Marshes written by Elizabeth Burke Watson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Granulometric Analysis of Recent Sediments of Tillamook Bay Oregon written by Gennaro William Avolio and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
