Download or read book Searches for Anisotropies in the Arrival Directions of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays Detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the distribution of arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory in 10 years of operation. The data set, about three times larger than that used in earlier studies, includes arrival directions with zenith angles up to 80°, thus covering from -90° to +45° in declination. After updating the fraction of events correlating with the active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in the Véron-Cetty and Véron catalog, we subject the arrival directions of the data with energies in excess of 40 EeV to different tests for anisotropy. We search for localized excess fluxes, self-clustering of event directions at angular scales up to 30°, and different threshold energies between 40 and 80 EeV. We then look for correlations of cosmic rays with celestial structures both in the Galaxy (the Galactic Center and Galactic Plane) and in the local universe (the Super-Galactic Plane). We also examine their correlation with different populations of nearby extragalactic objects: galaxies in the 2MRS catalog, AGNs detected by Swift-BAT, radio galaxies with jets, and the Centaurus A (Cen A) galaxy. None of the tests show statistically significant evidence of anisotropy. As a result, the strongest departures from isotropy (post-trial probability $\sim 1.4$%) are obtained for cosmic rays with $E\gt 58$ EeV in rather large windows around Swift AGNs closer than 130 Mpc and brighter than 1044 erg s-1 (18° radius), and around the direction of Cen A (15° radius).
Download or read book An Assessment of U S Based Electron Ion Collider Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-10-13 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding of protons and neutrons, or "nucleons"â€"the building blocks of atomic nucleiâ€"has advanced dramatically, both theoretically and experimentally, in the past half century. A central goal of modern nuclear physics is to understand the structure of the proton and neutron directly from the dynamics of their quarks and gluons governed by the theory of their interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and how nuclear interactions between protons and neutrons emerge from these dynamics. With deeper understanding of the quark-gluon structure of matter, scientists are poised to reach a deeper picture of these building blocks, and atomic nuclei themselves, as collective many-body systems with new emergent behavior. The development of a U.S. domestic electron-ion collider (EIC) facility has the potential to answer questions that are central to completing an understanding of atoms and integral to the agenda of nuclear physics today. This study assesses the merits and significance of the science that could be addressed by an EIC, and its importance to nuclear physics in particular and to the physical sciences in general. It evaluates the significance of the science that would be enabled by the construction of an EIC, its benefits to U.S. leadership in nuclear physics, and the benefits to other fields of science of a U.S.-based EIC.
Download or read book Coverage and large scale anisotropies estimation methods for the Pierre Auger Observatory written by J. Ch Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When searching for anisotropies in the arrival directions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, one must estimate the number of events expected in each direction of the sky in the case of a perfect isotropy. We present in this article a new method, developed for the Auger Observatory, based on a smooth estimate of the zenith angle distribution obtained from the data itself (which is essentially unchanged in the case of the presence of a large scale anisotropy pattern). We also study the sensitivity of several methods to detect large-scale anisotropies in the cosmic ray arrival direction distribution : Rayleigh analysis, dipole fitting and angular power spectrum estimation.
Download or read book 100 Years of Chronogeometrodynamics The Status of the Einstein s Theory of Gravitation in Its Centennial Year written by Lorenzo Iorio and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "100 Years of Chronogeometrodynamics: the Status of the Einstein's Theory of Gravitation in Its Centennial Year" that was published in Universe
Download or read book The Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting written by M. Novello and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting The On Recent Developments In Theoretical Experimental General Relativity Gravitation Relativistic Field Theories In 3 Vols Procs Of The Mgio Meeting Held At Brazilian Ctr For Res In Phys Cbpf written by Mario Novello and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-02-17 with total page 2642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Marcel Grossmann meetings were conceived to promote theoretical understanding in the fields of physics, mathematics, astronomy and astrophysics and to direct future technological, observational, and experimental efforts. They review recent developments in gravitation and general relativity, with major emphasis on mathematical foundations and physical predictions. Their main objective is to bring together scientists from diverse backgrounds and their range of topics is broad, from more abstract classical theory and quantum gravity and strings to more concrete relativistic astrophysics observations and modeling.This Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting was organized by an international committee composed of D Blair, Y Choquet-Bruhat, D Christodoulou, T Damour, J Ehlers, F Everitt, Fang Li Zhi, S Hawking, Y Ne'eman, R Ruffini (chair), H Sato, R Sunyaev, and S Weinberg and backed by an international coordinating committee of about 135 members from scientific institutions representing 54 countries. The scientific program included 29 morning plenary talks during 6 days, and 57 parallel sessions over five afternoons, during which roughly 500 papers were presented.These three volumes of the proceedings of MG10 give a broad view of all aspects of gravitation, from mathematical issues to recent observations and experiments.
Download or read book Large Area Networked Detectors For Particle Astrophysics written by Pierre Sokolsky and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The universe is pervaded by particles with extreme energies, millions of times greater than we can produce on Earth. They have been a mystery for over a century. Now, current and future experiments in particle astrophysics are leading us to answers to the most fundamental questions about them. How does nature accelerate the highest energy particles in the universe? Do new interactions between them occur at such extreme energies? Are there unknown aspects of spacetime that can be uncovered by studying these particles?This book brings together three fields within 'extreme astronomy': ultra-high-energy cosmic ray physics, neutrino astronomy, and gamma-ray astronomy, and discusses how each can help answer these questions. Each field is presented with a theoretical introduction that clearly elucidates the key questions scientists face. This is followed by chapters that discuss the current set of experiments — how they work and their discoveries. Finally, new techniques and approaches are discussed to solve the mysteries uncovered by the current experiments.
Download or read book Full Sky Search for Ultrahigh Energy Cosmic Ray Anisotropies written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from the SUGAR and the AGASA experiments taken during a 10 yr period with nearly uniform exposure to the entire sky, we search for anisotropy patterns in the arrival directions of cosmic rays with energies> 10{sup 19.6} eV. We determine the angular power spectrum from an expansion in spherical harmonics for modes out to l = 5. Based on available statistics, we find no significant deviation from isotropy. We compare the rather modest results which can be extracted from existing data samples with the results that should be forthcoming as new full-sky observatories begin operation.
Download or read book Cosmic Ray Physics written by Veronica Bindi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: Complete introductory overview of cosmic ray physics Covers the origins, acceleration, transport mechanisms and detection of these particles Mathematical and technical detail is kept separate from the main text
Download or read book General physics relativity astronomy and mathematical physics and methods written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 846 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rivista internazionale di fisica.
Download or read book Magnetic Fields in Diffuse Media written by Alexander Lazarian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the current knowledge of magnetic fields in diffuse astrophysical media. Starting with an overview of 21st century instrumentation to observe astrophysical magnetic fields, the chapters cover observational techniques, origin of magnetic fields, magnetic turbulence, basic processes in magnetized fluids, the role of magnetic fields for cosmic rays, in the interstellar medium and for star formation. Written by a group of leading experts the book represents an excellent overview of the field. Nonspecialists will find sufficient background to enter the field and be able to appreciate the state of the art.
Download or read book Cosmic Rays at Earth written by P.K.F. Grieder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-27 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1912 Victor Franz Hess made the revolutionary discovery that ionizing radiation is incident upon the Earth from outer space. He showed with ground-based and balloon-borne detectors that the intensity of the radiation did not change significantly between day and night. Consequently, the sun could not be regarded as the sources of this radiation and the question of its origin remained unanswered. Today, almost one hundred years later the question of the origin of the cosmic radiation still remains a mystery.Hess' discovery has given an enormous impetus to large areas of science, in particular to physics, and has played a major role in the formation of our current understanding of universal evolution. For example, the development of new fields of research such as elementary particle physics, modern astrophysics and cosmology are direct consequences of this discovery. Over the years the field of cosmic ray research has evolved in various directions: Firstly, the field of particle physics that was initiated by the discovery of many so-called elementary particles in the cosmic radiation. There is a strong trend from the accelerator physics community to reenter the field of cosmic ray physics, now under the name of astroparticle physics. Secondly, an important branch of cosmic ray physics that has rapidly evolved in conjunction with space exploration concerns the low energy portion of the cosmic ray spectrum. Thirdly, the branch of research that is concerned with the origin, acceleration and propagation of the cosmic radiation represents a great challenge for astrophysics, astronomy and cosmology. Presently very popular fields of research have rapidly evolved, such as high-energy gamma ray and neutrino astronomy. In addition, high-energy neutrino astronomy may soon initiate as a likely spin-off neutrino tomography of the Earth and thus open a unique new branch of geophysical research of the interior of the Earth. Finally, of considerable interest are the biological and medical aspects of the cosmic radiation because of it ionizing character and the inevitable irradiation to which we are exposed. This book is a reference manual for researchers and students of cosmic ray physics and associated fields and phenomena. It is not intended to be a tutorial. However, the book contains an adequate amount of background materials that its content should be useful to a broad community of scientists and professionals. The present book contains chiefly a data collection in compact form that covers the cosmic radiation in the vicinity of the Earth, in the Earth's atmosphere, at sea level and underground. Included are predominantly experimental but also theoretical data. In addition the book contains related data, definitions and important relations. The aim of this book is to offer the reader in a single volume a readily available comprehensive set of data that will save him the need of frequent time consuming literature searches.
Download or read book Cosmic Matter written by Siegfried Röser and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2008-10-13 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 20th volume in the series contains 16 invited reviews and highlight contributions presented during the 2007 International Scientific Conference of the German Astronomical Society on the topic of "Cosmic Matter", held in Würzburg, Germany. The papers published here discuss a wide range of hot topics, including cosmology, high-energy astrophysics, astroparticle physics gravitational waves, extragalactic and stellar astronomy -- together representing the roadmap for astroparticle physics in Europe.
Download or read book Science written by John Michels (Journalist) and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A weekly record of scientific progress.
Download or read book High Energy Astrophysics written by Malcolm S. Longair and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing students with an in-depth account of the astrophysics of high energy phenomena in the Universe, the third edition of this well-established textbook is ideal for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses in high energy astrophysics. Building on the concepts and techniques taught in standard undergraduate courses, this textbook provides the astronomical and astrophysical background for students to explore more advanced topics. Special emphasis is given to the underlying physical principles of high energy astrophysics, helping students understand the essential physics. The third edition has been completely rewritten, consolidating the previous editions into one volume. It covers the most recent discoveries in areas such as gamma-ray bursts, ultra-high energy cosmic rays and ultra-high energy gamma rays. The topics have been rearranged and streamlined to make them more applicable to a wide range of different astrophysical problems.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Probing Cosmic Ray Anisotropy with Atmospheric Neutrinos written by Elizabeth J. Wills and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the hundred years that have followed the discovery of cosmic rays, more about them remains unknown than known. Many concerted efforts are currently underway to detect cosmic rays using a variety of detection methods in space, on the surface of Earth, and deep underground. Of the many remaining mysteries, the one addressed in this work is the anisotropy in arrival directions of the cosmic rays incident on the atmosphere. This behaviour has been observed in both hemispheres of the planet, at high significance, from 1 TeV - 1 EeV energy ranges, at angular scales from 5 degrees to 180 degrees, and displays no time variation. It is measured consistently as a 0.1% over- and under-fluctuation. This work presents the first neutrino analysis of cosmic ray arrival directions so far, specifically, in the northern hemisphere. The analysis is done with an atmospheric neutrino dataset which was specifically designed for this analysis and composed of neutrinos detected by the IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory from 2011-2016. The goal of the search was to detect cosmic ray anisotropy as observed in atmospheric muons, but this time, in atmospheric neutrinos. To this end, a new atmospheric neutrino dataset was created using machine learning, aiming to increase data acceptance rates by optimizing sacrifices in purity and angular acceptance. The standard analysis techniques were carried out, along with a new log-likelihood method developed to improve sensitivity in a lower-statistics realm. While no signal was detected in this analysis, the analysis methodology has been developed and tested. We project that with a total of twelve years of IceCube data will be required to be sensitive to a dipole anisotropy at the level previously reported by the Tibet-AS[gamma] Collaboration. Detection of cosmic ray anisotropy in the neutrino channel would allow for verification of known cosmic ray shower physics, and particle propagation. The neutrinos could allow us to probe the anisotropy in a new way. If the signal deviates, there could be new physics to discover. The method and data selection are developed, and in several years, new developments will be made towards unraveling the mystery of cosmic ray anisotropy with neutrinos.
