Download or read book Screening for Visual Impairment in Older Adults Systematic Review to Update the 1996 U S Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-06-18 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impaired visual acuity is common in older adults. In addition to a higher incidence and prevalence of primary ocular disease and systemic diseases associated with ocular disease in older compared to younger adults, older adults also experience normal age-related changes in vision. Because symptoms may be relatively mild or progress slowly, older adults may be unaware of or underreport impaired visual acuity. Older adults may also have difficulty recognizing or reporting impaired visual acuity due to the presence of co-morbidities such as cognitive impairment. Screening for vision disorders could help identify impaired visual acuity in older adults and lead to treatments that improve quality of life or functional capacity, or prevent or slow down progression of vision loss. In 2008, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force commissioned an evidence review on screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults, in order to inform an updated USPSTF guideline. The main purpose of the evidence review is to evaluate new evidence published on screening for impaired visual acuity in older adults. Impaired visual acuity refers to decreased clarity or sharpness of vision. In addition to decreased visual acuity, vision impairment can also be associated with decreases in low light vision, color vision, binocularity, contrast sensitivity, or stereopsis, as well as visual field loss (areas in the field of view in which objects cannot be seen). Visual acuity is most commonly assessed using the Snellen eye chart, which assesses the ability of patients to recognize letters of different sizes arranged in rows from a pre-specified distance (typically 20 feet). The severity of decreased visual acuity varies. Vision impairment has been defined as visual acuity of worse than 20/40 or 20/50 but better than 20/200 (the threshold for legal blindness). In this report, we use the term “impaired visual acuity” rather than “vision impairment” because the latter term implies functional limitations. In addition, vision impairment could occur for reasons other than visual acuity loss. Visual acuity worse than 20/20 but better than 20/40 or 20/50 is thought to have minimal effects on reading ability, functional capacity, or quality of life. Although no standardized definition for “mild” impairment in visual acuity exists, some studies have used a definition of visual acuity between roughly 20/40 and 20/80.This degree of impaired visual acuity is less likely to cause major functional limitations than more severe impairment in visual acuity, and may be more apt to be identified through screening. This report focuses on impaired visual acuity associated with the following conditions: uncorrected refractive errors, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are addressed elsewhere by the USPSTF. Screening approaches for glaucoma differ from the screening tests typically used in primary care settings for the conditions included in this report. Screening for diabetic retinopathy typically occurs in the context of care for patients with known diabetes. The KQs are: KQ1: Does vision screening in asymptomatic older adults result in improved morbidity or mortality or improved quality of life? KQ2: Are there harms of vision screening in asymptomatic older adults? KQ3: What is the accuracy of screening for early impairment in visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts or age-related macular degeneration? KQ4: Does treatment of early impairment in visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts or age-related macular degeneration lead to improved morbidity/mortality, or quality of life? KQ5: Are there harms of treating early impairment in visual acuity due to uncorrected refractive error, cataracts or age-related macular degeneration?
Download or read book Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to see deeply affects how human beings perceive and interpret the world around them. For most people, eyesight is part of everyday communication, social activities, educational and professional pursuits, the care of others, and the maintenance of personal health, independence, and mobility. Functioning eyes and vision system can reduce an adult's risk of chronic health conditions, death, falls and injuries, social isolation, depression, and other psychological problems. In children, properly maintained eye and vision health contributes to a child's social development, academic achievement, and better health across the lifespan. The public generally recognizes its reliance on sight and fears its loss, but emphasis on eye and vision health, in general, has not been integrated into daily life to the same extent as other health promotion activities, such as teeth brushing; hand washing; physical and mental exercise; and various injury prevention behaviors. A larger population health approach is needed to engage a wide range of stakeholders in coordinated efforts that can sustain the scope of behavior change. The shaping of socioeconomic environments can eventually lead to new social norms that promote eye and vision health. Making Eye Health a Population Health Imperative: Vision for Tomorrow proposes a new population-centered framework to guide action and coordination among various, and sometimes competing, stakeholders in pursuit of improved eye and vision health and health equity in the United States. Building on the momentum of previous public health efforts, this report also introduces a model for action that highlights different levels of prevention activities across a range of stakeholders and provides specific examples of how population health strategies can be translated into cohesive areas for action at federal, state, and local levels.
Download or read book Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social isolation and loneliness are serious yet underappreciated public health risks that affect a significant portion of the older adult population. Approximately one-quarter of community-dwelling Americans aged 65 and older are considered to be socially isolated, and a significant proportion of adults in the United States report feeling lonely. People who are 50 years of age or older are more likely to experience many of the risk factors that can cause or exacerbate social isolation or loneliness, such as living alone, the loss of family or friends, chronic illness, and sensory impairments. Over a life course, social isolation and loneliness may be episodic or chronic, depending upon an individual's circumstances and perceptions. A substantial body of evidence demonstrates that social isolation presents a major risk for premature mortality, comparable to other risk factors such as high blood pressure, smoking, or obesity. As older adults are particularly high-volume and high-frequency users of the health care system, there is an opportunity for health care professionals to identify, prevent, and mitigate the adverse health impacts of social isolation and loneliness in older adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults summarizes the evidence base and explores how social isolation and loneliness affect health and quality of life in adults aged 50 and older, particularly among low income, underserved, and vulnerable populations. This report makes recommendations specifically for clinical settings of health care to identify those who suffer the resultant negative health impacts of social isolation and loneliness and target interventions to improve their social conditions. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults considers clinical tools and methodologies, better education and training for the health care workforce, and dissemination and implementation that will be important for translating research into practice, especially as the evidence base for effective interventions continues to flourish.
Download or read book Geriatric Gastroenterology written by C. S. Pitchumoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As aging trends in the United States and Europe in particular are strongly suggestive of increasingly older society, it would be prudent for health care providers to better prepare for such changes. By including physiology, disease, nutrition, pharmacology, pathology, radiology and other relevant associated topics, Geriatric Gastroenterology fills the void in the literature for a volume devoted specifically to gastrointestinal illness in the elderly. This unique volume includes provision of training for current and future generations of physicians to deal with the health problems of older adults. It will also serve as a comprehensive guide to practicing physicians for ease of reference. Relevant to the geriatric age group, the volume covers epidemiology, physiology of aging, gastrointestinal physiology, pharmacology, radiology, pathology, motility disorders, luminal disorders, hepato-biliary disease, systemic manifestations, neoplastic disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, cancer and medication related interactions and adverse events, all extremely common in older adults; these are often hard to evaluate and judge, especially considering the complex aging physiology. All have become important components of modern medicine. Special emphasis is be given to nutrition and related disorders. Capsule endoscopy and its utility in the geriatric population is also covered. Presented in simple, easy to read style, the volume includes numerous tables, figures and key points enabling ease of understanding. Chapters on imaging and pathology are profusely illustrated. All chapters are written by specialists and include up to date scientific information. Geriatric Gastroenterology is of great utility to residents in internal medicine, fellows in gastroenterology and geriatric medicine as well as gastroenterologists, geriatricians and practicing physicians including primary care physicians caring for older adults.
Download or read book Screening in Disease Prevention written by Walter Werner Holland and published by Radcliffe Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Screening for disease has become a widely accepted concept in health care. Screening in Disease Prevention takes a critical look at the practice of screening throughout the various stages of life. The book highlights three current challenges: the increasing consumer, media and commercial focus on health in general and screening in particular; providing accurate and understandable information; and tackling the continuing variation in the uptake of screening between different areas of the country and different socio-economic groups. Screening in Disease Prevention is important reading for public health professionals, particularly those involved in screening programs. Policy makers and shapers, medical researchers, pressure groups and support organizations for people with screenable conditions will also find it a valuable reference.
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine written by M.S. John Pathy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-02-03 with total page 2104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of the highly acclaimed Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine provides an account of the fundamental changes associated with ageing, which are essential to our understanding and management of the elderly sick population. The title has been extensively revised and updates to reflect the enormous changes in treatment options and medical conditions emerged since publication of the third edition. Written by worldwide experts of international repute, this is the most up-to-date and comprehensive single reference source currently available. Principles & Practice of Geriatric Medicine, Fourth Edition incorporates: More than 30 new chapters, including: Preventive geriatrics, Anorexia of Aging, Managements of Weight Loss, Dehydration, Vitamins and Minerals in the Elderly, Cancer and Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Treatment of Behavioral Disorders, The Older Patient with Down's Syndrome, Drug Abuse in Older People, Breast Cancer, Women's health A truly global perspective, including new chapter on: Care of the elderly in Israel: old age in a young land, Geriatric Medicine in China, Geriatric medicine education in Europe, Geriatrics from the European Union Perspective, India, Day Hospitals, Perspectives from Latin America The title will be indispensable for all those involved in the treatment of older patients: Gerontologists to keep up-to-date with the latest developments in the field General practitioners and specialists in health policy and community care, who increasingly have to deal with a significant number of older people. Academic researchers in geriatric medicine, who are in need for an all encompassing reference work Medical registrars (UK) / residents (US) in order to pass their exams Teachers of Geriatric Medicine Hospital libraries with increasing budgets to spend on much needed resource in this growing field. Professionals within the pharmaceutical industry in order to monitor treatment options and new prescription developments.
Download or read book BATES Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking written by Uzma Firdaus and published by Wolters kluwer india Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking is designed for undergraduate and postgraduate students in medicine and allied specialties
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Fulfilling the Potential of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-07 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer ranks second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in the United States, making it a tremendous burden in years of life lost, patient suffering, and economic costs. Fulfilling the Potential for Cancer Prevention and Early Detection reviews the proof that we can dramatically reduce cancer rates. The National Cancer Policy Board, part of the Institute of Medicine, outlines a national strategy to realize the promise of cancer prevention and early detection, including specific and wide-ranging recommendations. Offering a wealth of information and directly addressing major controversies, the book includes: A detailed look at how significantly cancer could be reduced through lifestyle changes, evaluating approaches used to alter eating, smoking, and exercise habits. An analysis of the intuitive notion that screening for cancer leads to improved health outcomes, including a discussion of screening methods, potential risks, and current recommendations. An examination of cancer prevention and control opportunities in primary health care delivery settings, including a review of interventions aimed at improving provider performance. Reviews of professional education and training programs, research trends and opportunities, and federal programs that support cancer prevention and early detection. This in-depth volume will be of interest to policy analysts, cancer and public health specialists, health care administrators and providers, researchers, insurers, medical journalists, and patient advocates.
Download or read book The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience written by David B. Arciniegas and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than three decades, the Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences has been the gold standard for understanding the structural and functional foundations and rapidly evolving knowledge base of neuropsychiatric disorders. In the new edition, the esteemed editors have undertaken a complete reorganization, reconceptualizing the way the material is presented and integrating considerations of neuropsychiatric symptoms, syndromes, and treatments into chapters addressing the neuropsychiatry of neurodevelopmental disorders, acquired neurological conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and primary psychiatric disorders. The result is a text that flows easily and logically from general principles to specific diagnostic tools and conditions, making it a clinically relevant and eminently practical guide for medical students and residents, psychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists and neuropsychologists, as well as a broad range of professionals who work in diverse clinical settings (e.g., the general hospital setting, physical medicine/rehabilitation hospitals, psychiatric institutes, community mental health centers, alcohol and chemical dependency programs, and outpatient services and doctors' offices).The book possesses a multitude of useful attributes and features: The new edition is thoroughly compatible with the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The chapters are complete unto themselves, allowing for easy retrieval and use by clinicians facing daily challenges in the field. Extensive references allow for further research and study in quieter moments. Chapters on specific disorders have consistent structures, where appropriate. For example, the chapter on "Autism Spectrum Disorders" has sections on background, prevalence, etiology, neurobiology, clinical presentation, assessment, differential diagnosis, comorbidity, research, interventions and treatment, and medication. The prestigious roster of contributors boasts both luminaries and emerging leaders in behavioral neurology and neuropsychiatry, providing readers with diverse perspectives. The material is supported by scores of tables, graphs, and illustrations, including PET, CT, and MRI images. Neuropsychiatry has come a long way from the days when patients with neuropsychiatric conditions routinely fell through the cracks of the healthcare system. The Textbook of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences provides comprehensive, current, and evidence-based coverage in a forward-looking volume to train a new generation of clinicians in this important work.
Download or read book Glaucoma E Book written by Tarek M. Shaarawy and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-09-05 with total page 1428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the irreversible effects of glaucoma can lead to blindness, there is high demand for early diagnosis and an ongoing need for practitioners to adopt new and evolving medical and surgical treatment options to improve patient outcomes. Glaucoma, Second Edition is the most comprehensive resource in the field delivering expert guidance for the most timely and effective diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma – aimed at specialists, fellows and general ophthalmologists. More than 300 contributors from six continents provide a truly global perspective and explore new approaches in this user friendly reference which has been updated with enhanced images, more spotlights, new videos, and more. - Get all the accuracy, expertise, and dependability you could ask for from leading specialists across six continents, for expert guidance and a fresh understanding of the subject. - Develop a thorough, clinically relevant understanding of all aspects of adult and pediatric glaucoma in Volume One, and the latest diagnostic imaging techniques including ultrasound biomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. - Stay at the forefront of your field with 10 brand new chapters on trending topics including: new surgical approaches such as trabeculotomy and canaloplasty; glaucoma implications in cataract and ocular surface disease; and, updates in the cost-effectiveness of medical management. - Avoid pitfalls and achieve the best outcomes thanks to more than 40 brand new spotlight commentaries from key leaders providing added insight, tips and pearls of wisdom across varying hot topics and advances in the field. - Refine and improve your surgical skills by watching over 50 video clips depicting the latest techniques and procedures including: new trabeculectomy methods, needling, implants, valve complications, and more. - Prevent and plan for complications in advance by examining over 1,600 illustrations, photos and graphics (1,250 in color) capturing essential diagnostics techniques, imaging methods and surgical approaches. - Grasp each procedure and review key steps quickly with chapter summary boxes that provide at-a-glance quick comprehension of the key take away points. - Broaden your surgical repertoire with the latest surgical techniques - such as trabeculectomy, gonio-surgery, combined surgeries, and implant procedures - in Volume Two. - Glean all essential, up-to-date, need-to-know information about stem cell research, gene transfer, and implants. - Find answers fast thanks to a well-organized, user-friendly full-color layout. - eBook version included with purchase.
Download or read book Reichel s Care of the Elderly written by Christine Arenson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-09 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reichel's formative text is designed as a practical guide for health specialists confronted with the unique problems of geriatric patients.
Download or read book Finding What Works in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.
Download or read book Geriatric Emergency Medicine written by Joseph H. Kahn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume provides a practical framework for evaluation, management and disposition of this growing vulnerable patient population.
Download or read book Patient Safety and Quality written by Ronda Hughes and published by Department of Health and Human Services. This book was released on 2008 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043)." - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
Download or read book Bates Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking written by Lynn Bickley and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 1023 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the 11th edition, focus turns back to the student in nurse practitioner, physician's assistant, and medical programs. The text continues be a trusted reference for nursing and medical students as well as practitioners. The art program has been revised to bring greater consistency and currency to the illustrations. Many photographs, particularly those depicting skin conditions, are being replaced with newer photos of higher quality. The well-respected and highly useful layout and organization of the book are retained. Each chapter has been reviewed and revised to keep the text up-to-date. The following features, long admired among dedicated Bates' users are also retained: · Detailed, beautifully depicted Tables of Abnormalities · Extensive Pediatric chapter · Illustrated Anatomy and Physiology review begins each chapter · Important information on Interviewing Techniques and Patient Communication · Outstanding line art program · Two-column format as guide for physical assessment · Useful Clinical tips throughout The ancillary assets are also being updated to redirect the focus toward higher level nursing students and medical students.
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Assessment written by Hazel M. Clarkson and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2000 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, this edition presents the principles and methodology of assessing both joint range of motion (ROM)/goniometry and manual muscle strength for the head, neck, trunk, and extremities. Each chapter is devoted to a separate anatomical region and provides knowledge of pertinent surface anatomy and deep anatomy. Excellent photography and illustrations enhance comprehension of techniques and serve as a self-learning tool. New to this edition: New vertical format; second-color added to line art; 200 new photographs; detailed coverage of ROM and muscle length assessment and measurement for each body region; comprehensive coverage of end feels for each joint motion; and chapter relating assessment methods to treatment techniques and activities of daily living. A useful resource for assessment and treatment!
