Download or read book Screening for Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Mrsa written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) emerged as a clinically relevant human pathogen more than five decades ago. The virulent bacterium was first detected in hospitals and other health care facilities where vulnerable hosts, frequent exposure to the selective pressure of intensive antimicrobial therapy, and the necessity for invasive procedures created a favorable environment for dissemination. MRSA emerged as an important cause of healthcare-associated infections, particularly central line-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and surgical site infection (SSI). Despite the adoption of infection-control measures, the incidence of MRSA infection at most U.S. hospitals steadily increased for many years, but it is now decreasing. While the decrease in the incidence of MRSA infection may be due to efforts to screen for MRSA carriage, it may also be due to secular trends (such as efforts to improve patient safety) and to confounders (such as efforts to improve the appropriate use of antibiotics and to decrease healthcare-associated infections in general, including catheter-associated bloodstream infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and SSI). A number of analyses suggest that MRSA infections are associated with increased mortality and cost of care when compared with those due to strains that are susceptible to methicillin. Even the availability of newer pharmaceutical agents with specific activity against MRSA has not ameliorated the challenge of caring for patients with MRSA. The widespread use of these agents has been limited, in part due to toxicity, cost, and uncertainty as to optimal indications. The management and control of MRSA have been further complicated by dramatic changes in the epidemiology of transmission and infection observed over the past two decades. Specifically, S. aureus strains resistant to methicillin, once exclusively linked to hospital care, have increasingly been detected among patients in the community who lack conventional risk factors for MRSA infection. Community-acquired MRSA has been linked to outbreaks of infection in hospitals and health care facilities. Conventional strategies for the control of MRSA have focused on the prevention of spread from patient to patient. The effectiveness of hand hygiene in preventing the spread of MRSA has been demonstrated in observational studies in which hand hygiene promotion campaigns were associated with subsequent reductions in the incidence of MRSA among hospitalized patients. While hand hygiene remains important in the effort to control MRSA transmission, the continued spread of the pathogen after its initial introduction in most facilities has prompted efforts to identify additional strategies. The use of contact isolation-including the donning of gowns and gloves when interacting with patients colonized or infected with MRSA and the assignment of such patients to single rooms or to a room with a group of affected patients-has been widely promoted and adopted. Such isolation precautions now are the centerpiece of most authoritative guidelines for MRSA control. Despite the broad consensus associated with the use of contact isolation for MRSA prevention, the specific evidence in support of this practice remains limited and indirect. The objective of this review was to synthesize comparative studies that examined the benefits or harms of screening for MRSA carriage in the inpatient or outpatient settings. The review examined MRSA-screening strategies applied to all hospitalized or ambulatory patients, as well as screening strategies applied to selected inpatient or outpatient populations, and compared them with no screening or with screening of selected patient populations. The review evaluated MRSA-screening strategies that included screening with or without isolation and with or without attempted eradication/decolonization.

Download or read book Frontiers in Staphylococcus aureus written by Shymaa Enany and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staphylococcus was first recognized as a human pathogen in 1880 and was named for its grape cluster-like appearance. In 1884, Staphylococcus aureus was identified and named for its vibrant golden color, which was later found to be the result of golden toxin production. Here, experts examine in-depth patterns of S. aureus colonization and exposures in humans, mammals, and birds that have led to the development of various clinical diseases. The mode of transmission of S. aureus and different methods for its detection in different samples are defined. Conventional antibiotic options to treat this aggressive, multifaceted, and readily adaptable pathogen are becoming limited. Alternative, novel chemotherapeutics to target S. aureus are discussed in the pages within, including herbal medicines, bee products, and modes of delivery.

Download or read book Antibiofilm Agents written by Kendra P. Rumbaugh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a survey of recent advances in the development of antibiofilm agents for clinical and environmental applications. The fact that microbes exist in structured communities called biofilms has slowly become accepted within the medical community. We now know that over 80% of all infectious diseases are biofilm-related; however, significant challenges still lie in our ability to diagnose and treat these extremely recalcitrant infections. Written by experts from around the globe, this book offers a valuable resource for medical professionals seeking to treat biofilm-related disease, academic and industry researchers interested in drug discovery and instructors who teach courses on microbial pathogenesis and medical microbiology.

Download or read book Bacteriophages Practical Applications for Nature s Biocontrol written by Sabah A.A. Jassim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-18 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteriophages: Practical Applications for Nature's Biocontrol' presents the latest information on uses in healthcare settings as well as animal husbandry, management and care of farm animals by using enhanced phages to replace antibiotics for growth promotion in animal feed or to prevent, control and treat disease in animals. The book will provide an overview of the function of phages and what researchers need to know, from phage hunting to laboratory design, management, production and application using different tools and methods. These key aspects will be discussed through a series of dedicated chapters, with topics covering auditing, validation, data analysis, microbial identification, culture media, and contamination control, etc.

Download or read book Pediatric Osteoarticular Infections written by Anil Agarwal and published by JP Medical Ltd. This book was released on 2013-01-30 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise guide brings orthopaedic surgeons and paediatricians up to date with the latest developments in the management of bone and joint (osteoarticular) infections in children. Beginning with an introduction to the causes and development of osteoarticular disorders, the following chapters discuss their clinical features, laboratory diagnosis and treatment options, both surgical and conservative. Each chapter describes a different infection and its management, with a separate chapter examining drug-resistant osteoarticular tuberculosis and co-infection with HIV. The final section discusses advances and research in the condition. Key points Concise guide to the diagnosis and management of bone and joint infections in children Each chapter discusses a different infection and covers conservative and surgical treatment Final chapter describes new advances and research Includes more than 150 full colour images and illustrations

Download or read book Ferri s Clinical Advisor 2021 written by Fred F. Ferri and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 4158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Find fast answers to inform your daily diagnosis and treatment decisions! Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2021 uses the popular "5 books in 1" format to deliver vast amounts of information in a clinically relevant, user-friendly manner. This bestselling reference has been significantly updated to provide you with easy access to answers on 1,000 common medical conditions, including diseases and disorders, differential diagnoses, clinical algorithms, laboratory tests, and clinical practice guidelines—all carefully reviewed by experts in key clinical fields. Extensive algorithms, along with hundreds of new figures and tables, ensure that you stay current with today's medical practice. Contains significant updates throughout, covering all aspects of current diagnosis and treatment. Features 27 all-new topics including chronic rhinosinusitis, subclinical brain infarction, reflux-cough syndrome, radiation pneumonitis, catatonia, end-stage renal disease, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause, among others. Includes new appendices covering common herbs in integrated medicine and herbal activities against pain and chronic diseases; palliative care; and preoperative evaluation. Offers online access to Patient Teaching Guides in both English and Spanish.

Download or read book The Rise of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus written by Shymaa Enany and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Staphylococcus aureus S. aureus is a growing issue both within hospitals and community because of its virulence determinants and the continuing emergence of new strains resistant to antimicrobiotics. In this book, we present the state of the art of S. aureus virulence mechanisms and antibiotic-resistance profiles, providing an unprecedented and comprehensive collection of up-to-date research about the evolution, dissemination, and mechanisms of different staphylococcal antimicrobial resistance patterns alongside bacterial virulence determinants and their impact in the medical field. We include several review chapters to allow readers to better understand the mechanisms of methicillin resistance, glycopeptide resistance, and horizontal gene transfer and the effects of alterations in S. aureus membranes and cell walls on drug resistance. In addition, we include chapters dedicated to unveiling S. aureus pathogenicity with the most current research available on S. aureus exfoliative toxins, enterotoxins, surface proteins, biofilm, and defensive responses of S. aureus to antibiotic treatment.

Download or read book Antimicrobial Therapy I written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Antimicrobial Drug Resistance written by Douglas Mayers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ? rst edition of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance grew out of a desire by the editors and authors to have a comprehensive resource of information on antimicrobial drug resistance that encompassed the current information available for bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. We believe that this information will be of value to clinicians, epidemiologists, microbiologists, virologists, parasitologists, public health authorities, medical students and fellows in training. We have endeavored to provide this information in a style which would be accessible to the broad community of persons who are concerned with the impact of drug resistance in our cl- ics and across the broader global communities. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance is divided into Volume 1 which has sections covering a general overview of drug resistance and mechanisms of drug resistance ? rst for classes of drugs and then by individual microbial agents including bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Volume 2 addresses clinical, epidemiologic and public health aspects of drug resistance along with an overview of the conduct and interpretation of speci? c drug resistance assays. Together, these two volumes offer a comprehensive source of information on drug resistance issues by the experts in each topic.

Download or read book Diagnostic Meta Analysis written by Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first exclusively devoted to the systematic synthesis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. It builds upon the major recent developments in reporting standards, search methods, and, in particular, statistical tools specifically devoted to diagnostic studies. In addition, it borrows extensively from the latest advances in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of intervention studies. After a section dedicated to methods for designing reviews, synthesizing evidence and appraising inconsistency in research, the application of these approaches is demonstrated in the context of case studies from various clinical disciplines. Diagnosis is central in medical decision-making, and in many other fields of human endeavor, such as education and psychology. The plurality of sources of evidence on diagnostic test accuracy poses a huge challenge for practitioners and researchers, as do the multiple dimensions of evidence validity, which include sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios. This book offers an invaluable resource for anyone aiming to improve decision-making processes in diagnosis, classification or risk prognostication, from epidemiologists to biostatisticians, radiologists, laboratory physicians and graduate students, as any physician interested in refining his methodological skills in clinical diagnosis.

Download or read book Bailey Scott s Diagnostic Microbiology E Book written by Patricia M. Tille and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 1137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perfect your lab skills with the gold standard in microbiology! Serving as both the #1 bench reference for practicing microbiologists and as a favorite text for students in clinical laboratory science programs, Bailey & Scott's Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition covers all the topical information and critical thinking practice you need for effective laboratory testing. This new edition also features hundreds step-by-step procedures, updated visuals, new case studies, and new material on the latest trends and equipment in clinical microbiology — including automation, automated streaking, MALDI-TOF, and incubator microscopes. It's everything you need to get quality lab results in class and in clinical practice! - More than 800 detailed, full-color illustrations aid comprehension and help in visualizing concepts. - Expanded sections on parasitology, mycology, and virology eliminate the need to purchase separate books on this material. - General and Species boxes in the organism chapters highlight the important topics that will be discussed in the chapter. - Case studies provide the opportunity to apply information to a variety of diagnostic scenarios, and help improve decision-making and critical thinking skills. - Hands-on procedures include step-by-step instructions, full-color photos, and expected results. - A glossary of terms is found at the back of the book for quick reference. - Learning objectives begin each chapter, offering a measurable outcome to achieve by the completing the material. - Learning resources on the Evolve companion website enhance learning with review questions and procedures. - NEW! Coverage of automation, automated streaking, MALDI-TOF, and incubator microscopes keeps you in the know on these progressing topics. - NEW! Updated images provide a more vivid look into book content and reflect the latest procedures. - NEW! Thoroughly reviewed and updated chapters equip you with the most current information. - NEW! Significant lab manual improvements provide an excellent learning resource at no extra cost. - NEW! 10 extra case studies on the Evolve companion website offer more opportunities to improve critical thinking skills.

Download or read book Superbug written by Maryn McKenna and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-03-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LURKING in our homes, hospitals, schools, and farms is a terrifying pathogen that is evolving faster than the medical community can track it or drug developers can create antibiotics to quell it. That pathogen is MRSA—methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocus aureus—and Superbug is the first book to tell the story of its shocking spread and the alarming danger it poses to us all. Doctors long thought that MRSA was confined to hospitals and clinics, infecting almost exclusively those who were either already ill or old. But through remarkable reporting, including hundreds of interviews with the leading researchers and doctors tracking the deadly bacterium, acclaimed science journalist Maryn McKenna reveals the hidden history of MRSA’s relentless advance—how it has overwhelmed hospitals, assaulted families, and infiltrated agriculture and livestock, moving inexorably into the food chain. Taking readers into the medical centers where frustrated physicians must discard drug after drug as they struggle to keep patients alive, she discloses an explosion of cases that demonstrate how MRSA is growing more virulent, while evolving resistance to antibiotics with astonishing speed. It may infect us at any time, no matter how healthy we are; it is carried by a stunning number of our household pets; and it has been detected in food animals from cows to chickens to pigs. With the sensitivity of a novelist, McKenna portrays the emotional and financial devastation endured by MRSA’s victims, vividly describing the many stealthy ways in which the pathogen overtakes the body and the shock and grief of parents whose healthy children were felled by infection in just hours. Through dogged detective work, she discloses the unheard warnings that predicted the current crisis and lays bare the flaws that have allowed MRSA to rage out of control: misplaced government spending, inadequate public health surveillance, misguided agricultural practices, and vast overuse of the few precious drugs we have left. Empowering readers with the knowledge they need for self-defense, Superbug sounds an alarm: MRSA has evolved into a global emergency that touches almost every aspect of modern life. It is, as one deeply concerned researcher tells McKenna, "the biggest thing since AIDS."

Download or read book Public Health Microbiology written by John F. T. Spencer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public Health Microbiology: Methods and Protocols is focused on microorganisms that can present a hazard to human health in the course of everyday life. There are chapters dealing with organisms that are directly pathogenic to humans, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi; on organisms that produce toxins during growth in their natural habitats; on the use of bacteriocins produced by such organisms as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria; as well as several chapters on hazard analysis, the use of disinfectants, microbiological analysis of cosmetics, and microbiological tests for sanitation equipment in food factories. Additional chapters look at the use of animals (mice) in the study of the various characteristics of milk and their relationships with lactic acid bacteria in particular. Other chapters focus on special methods for determining particular components of milk. In particular, in Parts I and II, on bacterial and viral pathogens, special attention is given to methods for PCR detection of genes with resistance to tetracycline, as well as to Salmonella enterica; for identification and typing of Campylobacter coli; for detection of the abundance of enteric viruses, hepatitis A virus, and rotaviruses in sewage, and of bacteriophages infecting the O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli. Part III offers methods for computerized analysis and typing of fungal isolates, for isolation and enumeration of fungi in foods, and for the determination of aflatoxin and zearalenone.

Download or read book Infection Control Guidelines for Long term Care Facilities written by Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Canada) and published by Canadian Government Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first Infection control guidelines for long-term care facilities were published in 1986. Since that time the interest in, and knowledge of, the requirements of infection control programs for long-term care facilities has steadily increased. This document presents the second version and looks at the following points: organizational structure of an infection control program; environmental concerns; departments and services; management of specific care situations; occupational health; and, epidemic investigation and control.

Download or read book The Infection Preventionist s Guide to the Lab written by David L. Taylor (Infection preventionist) and published by . This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSA Protocols written by Yinduo Ji and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third edition volume expands on the previous editions with an update on the latest techniques used for the detection, genotyping, and investigating pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in vivo. The methods covered in this book mostly focus on routine clinical diagnosis, surveillance, research, and practice for treatment of patients infected by multi-drug resistant S. aureus. The book also covers the epidemiology of MRSA, molecular typing approaches, clinical treatment of MRSA infections, and animal models of drug discovery. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Informative and cutting-edge, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Protocols: Cutting-Edge Technologies and Advancements, Third Edition is a valuable resource for researchers looking to set up new methods to study S. aureus, and will also be very useful for technicians and scientists working on other bacterial pathogens.

Download or read book Surgical Site Infection written by Andrew Welsh and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infections that occur in the wound created by an invasive surgical procedure are generally referred to as surgical site infections (SSIs). SSIs are one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). A prevalence survey undertaken in 2006 suggested that approximately 8% of patients in hospital in the UK have an HCAI. SSIs accounted for 14% of these infections and nearly 5% of patients who had undergone a surgical procedure were found to have developed an SSI. However, prevalence studies tend to underestimate SSI because many of these infections occur after the patient has been discharged from hospital. SSIs are associated with considerable morbidity and it has been reported that over one-third of postoperative deaths are related, at least in part, to SSI. However, it is important to recognise that SSIs can range from a relatively trivial wound discharge with no other complications to a life-threatening condition. Other clinical outcomes of SSIs include poor scars that are cosmetically unacceptable, such as those that are spreading, hypertrophic or keloid, persistent pain and itching, restriction of movement, particularly when over joints, and a significant impact on emotional wellbeing. SSI can double the length of time a patient stays in hospital and thereby increase the costs of health care. Additional costs attributable to SSI of between £814 and £6626 have been reported depending on the type of surgery and the severity of the infection. The main additional costs are related to re-operation, extra nursing care and interventions, and drug treatment costs. The indirect costs, due to loss of productivity, patient dissatisfaction and litigation, and reduced quality of life, have been studied less extensively.