Download or read book Scientific Review of Cyanide Ecotoxicology and Evaluation of Ambient Water Quality Criteria written by Robert W. Gensemer and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-12-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USEPA’s ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for cyanide were developed in 1984. Recently, however, concerns have arisen that the AWQC for cyanide have been problematic to implement and may not accurately reflect either the toxic forms or bioavailable concentrations of cyanide in water, sediments, and tissues of aquatic organisms. Also, the cyanide criteria typically have been implemented based on total cyanide concentrations rather than the free cyanide concentrations that formed the basis of the criteria calculations. New knowledge on cyanide toxicity, cyanide speciation and its measurement, and the relative toxicity of bioavailable cyanide species suggested that a re-evaluation of the aquatic toxicity data and chemistry that serve as the basis of the current national criteria is warranted. In response to these concerns, studies sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) evaluated the formation and fate of cyanide in municipal wastewater effluents. Kavanaugh et al. (2003) evaluated the reliability of several analytical methods for measurement of cyanide species at low (ppb) concentrations, along with studies to evaluate the sources, transport, and fate of cyanide species in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving waters. Results indicated that potentially toxic forms of cyanide can be generated in WWTPs from several chemical processes, including dissociation of thiocyanate by chlorination or UV disinfection, chlorination in the presence of residual ammonia, nitrosation, and photolysis of ferrocyanate. Models were developed for predicting the fate of these compounds in surface waters downstream of WWTP effluents to establish where organisms might be most at risk from cyanide exposure. While implementation of these results could assist in the development of site-specific water quality standards for cyanide, a more thorough update to the National AWQC was warranted to apply our more current scientific understanding of cyanide toxicology to the derivation of aquatic life criteria. The present study was therefore undertaken to review and update knowledge of the aquatic toxicity of cyanide, and to develop recommended updates to the existing national AWQC to enhance the scientific basis of the concentrations and chemical forms of cyanide specified for protection of aquatic organisms. This update was conducted according to USEPA guidance for derivation of AWQC for protection of aquatic life, and is based both on an extensive literature review and on new toxicity studies that fill key data gaps. This re-evaluation of cyanide criteria also includes consideration of impacts on benthic (sediment) organisms, wildlife that consume aquatic biota, and possible effects to threatened and endangered species to ensure that revised criteria are adequately protective of the entire aquatic ecosystem.

Download or read book Scientific Review of Cyanide Ecotoxicology and Evaluation of Ambient Water Quality Criteria written by Robert W. Gensemer and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-12-15 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The USEPA’s ambient water quality criteria (AWQC) for cyanide were developed in 1984. Recently, however, concerns have arisen that the AWQC for cyanide have been problematic to implement and may not accurately reflect either the toxic forms or bioavailable concentrations of cyanide in water, sediments, and tissues of aquatic organisms. Also, the cyanide criteria typically have been implemented based on total cyanide concentrations rather than the free cyanide concentrations that formed the basis of the criteria calculations. New knowledge on cyanide toxicity, cyanide speciation and its measurement, and the relative toxicity of bioavailable cyanide species suggested that a re-evaluation of the aquatic toxicity data and chemistry that serve as the basis of the current national criteria is warranted. In response to these concerns, studies sponsored by the Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) evaluated the formation and fate of cyanide in municipal wastewater effluents. Kavanaugh et al. (2003) evaluated the reliability of several analytical methods for measurement of cyanide species at low (ppb) concentrations, along with studies to evaluate the sources, transport, and fate of cyanide species in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and receiving waters. Results indicated that potentially toxic forms of cyanide can be generated in WWTPs from several chemical processes, including dissociation of thiocyanate by chlorination or UV disinfection, chlorination in the presence of residual ammonia, nitrosation, and photolysis of ferrocyanate. Models were developed for predicting the fate of these compounds in surface waters downstream of WWTP effluents to establish where organisms might be most at risk from cyanide exposure. While implementation of these results could assist in the development of site-specific water quality standards for cyanide, a more thorough update to the National AWQC was warranted to apply our more current scientific understanding of cyanide toxicology to the derivation of aquatic life criteria. The present study was therefore undertaken to review and update knowledge of the aquatic toxicity of cyanide, and to develop recommended updates to the existing national AWQC to enhance the scientific basis of the concentrations and chemical forms of cyanide specified for protection of aquatic organisms. This update was conducted according to USEPA guidance for derivation of AWQC for protection of aquatic life, and is based both on an extensive literature review and on new toxicity studies that fill key data gaps. This re-evaluation of cyanide criteria also includes consideration of impacts on benthic (sediment) organisms, wildlife that consume aquatic biota, and possible effects to threatened and endangered species to ensure that revised criteria are adequately protective of the entire aquatic ecosystem.

Download or read book Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide written by Environmental Research Laboratory (Duluth, Minn.) and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide written by Howard J. Singleton and published by BC Environment, Water Management Division. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanides written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. Criteria & Standards Division and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ambient Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cyanide in Water and Soil written by David A. Dzombak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-09 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of cyanide is a significant issue in industrial and municipal wastewater treatment and management, in remediation of former manufactured gas plant sites and aluminum production waste disposal sites, in treatment and management of residuals from hydrometallurgical gold mining, and in other industrial operations in which cyanide-bearing

Download or read book Revised Section B of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cyanide 1984 written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 1999 Update of ambient water quality criteria for ammonia written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health written by Geneviève M. Carr and published by UNEP/Earthprint. This book was released on 2008 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is intended to provide an overview of the major components of surface and ground water quality and how these relate to ecosystem and human health. Local, regional and global assessments of water quality monitoring data are used to illustrate key features of aquatic environments, and to demonstrate how human activities on the landscape can influence water quality in both positive and negative ways. Clear and concise background knowledge on water quality can serve to support other water assessments.

Download or read book Water Quality Assessments written by Deborah V Chapman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-08-22 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.

Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater and Marine Organisms written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cadmium in the Aquatic Environment written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1987-08-12 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a comprehensive account of current research on the chemistry and toxicology of cadmium in natural waters. Discusses the sources, distribution, and fate of cadmium in aquatic ecosystems, including coverage of the biocycling and exotoxicity of cadmium to materia and fresh water biota. A succinct review of the analytical chemistry of cadmium in natural waters is also included. The contributors emphasize general principles rather than comprehensive documentation, making this volume accessible to a wide audience. The technical information helps provide the scientific rationale needed in the continuing effort to establish water quality criteria and standards for cadmium.

Download or read book Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanides written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Book Review Index 2009 Cumulation written by Dana Ferguson and published by Book Review Index Cumulation. This book was released on 2009-08 with total page 1304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book Review Index provides quick access to reviews of books, periodicals, books on tape and electronic media representing a wide range of popular, academic and professional interests. The up-to-date coverage, wide scope and inclusion of citations for both newly published and older materials make Book Review Index an exceptionally useful reference tool. More than 600 publications are indexed, including journals and national general interest publications and newspapers. Book Review Index is available in a three-issue subscription covering the current year or as an annual cumulation covering the past year.