Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2014 written by National Oceanic And Atmospheric Adminis and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is part of the information upon which the Parties to the United Nations Montreal Protocol will base their future decisions regarding ozone-depleting substances, their alternatives, and protection of the ozone layer. It is the latest in a long series of scientific assessments that have informed the Parties and contains the policy-relevant major findings of the Assessment's five scientific chapters. Actions taken under the Montreal Protocol have led to decreases in the atmospheric abundance of controlled ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), and are enabling the return of the ozone layer toward 1980 levels. This comprehensive volume includes many tables, figures, and charts throughout; and the appendices include acronyms and abbreviations, listings of authors, contributors, and reviewers from around the world, and chemical formulas. Related products: NASA and the Environment: The Case of Ozone Depletion is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/nasa-and-environment-case-ozone-depletion Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40, Protection of Environment, Pt. 96-99, Revised as of July 1, 2016 can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/code-federal-regulations-title-40-protection-environment-pt-96-99-revised-july-1-2016 Our Changing Atmosphere: Discoveries from EOS Aura (Booklet) -reduced list price while supplies last available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/our-changing-atmosphere-discoveries-eos-aura-booklet
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment for Decision Makers written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer written by Michaela I. Hegglin and published by . This book was released on 2017-03 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stratospheric Ozone Depletion written by Larry Parker and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2003 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For two decades, scientists have been warning that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons (bromine-containing fluorocarbons) may deplete the stratospheric ozone shield that screens out some of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet rays and thus regulates the amounts which reach the Earth's surface. CFCs have been used as refrigerants, solvents, foam blowing agents, and outside the United States, as aerosol propellants; Halons are used primarily as fire-fighting agents. Increased radiation could result in an increase in skin cancers, suppression of the human immune system, and decreased productivity of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including some commercially important crops. This book deals with implementation, policy issues and phase out of methyl bromide. In September 1987, 47 countries (including the United States) agreed to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which first required controls on the world's consumption of ozone depleting substances. Over 160 countries have signed on to the Protocol, whose phasedown schedule for developed countries was accelerated twice and completely phased out Halon production at the end of 1994 and CFC production at the end of 1995. The Protocol's coverage has also been extended to include hydrochlorofluorocarbons and other chlorine- and bromine-containing substances such as some solvents and methyl bromide, a widely used soil fumigant.
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1998 written by and published by UN. This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 2002 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1998 written by and published by Incumbent. This book was released on 1999 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Literature Review for ODS Ozone Depleting Substances Measurements Methods and Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stratospheric ozone absorbs most of the sun's harmful UV radiation. The increased use of human-produced gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) has led to a magnified springtime depletion of the protective ozone layer at both Earth's poles, especially over Antarctica, a phenomenon well known as the ozone hole. The Montreal protocol [1] deals with substances that deplete the ozone layer (ODS) and how to reduce them (Montreal protocol, 1987 and amendments/adjustments). It covers substances with a high ozone depleting potential, CFCs and the 1st generation of CFC replacements (HCFCs). The success of the implementation of the Montreal protocol and amendments has to be demonstrated by the parties (including EU and its Member States [2]), and supported by high quality atmospheric measurements of relevant compounds.^Several atmospheric data-sets are available from open-access international data bases, including 7 stations across Europe: (1) Zeppelin, Ny-Ålesund, Norway, (2) Summit, Greenland, Denmark, (3) Mace Head, Ireland, (4) Tacolneston, UK, (5) Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, (6) Monte Cimone, Italy, and (7) Lampedusa (LMP), Italy, but data quality may in some cases be unknown or questionable. High-quality long-term ambient air data are mainly coming from the AGAGE Network (http://agage.mit.edu/ [3]) and NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Ref. [3] comprising also European stations from e.g. (I) Ireland (first Agrigole (1978-1983), then Mace Head (from 1987 to present), (II) Switzerland (Jungfraujoch), from 2000 to present, (III) Norway (Ny Ålesund), from 2000 to present, and (IV) Italy (Monte Cimone) from 2002 to present.^The trends in ODS concentrations measured in-situ at ground level in Europe are consistent and, similar to the trends observed in the rest of the world (see ref. [4] containing in-situ ground level measurements, flask sampling and satellite observations), especially the downwards trend of CFCs, indicating the success of the Montreal Protocol, in limiting the atmospheric abundances of ODSs [4]. The UNEP/WMO Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion from 2014 states [4]: "The success of the Montreal Protocol in limiting the atmospheric abundances of ODSs is now well documented". This is confirmed by the AGAGE measurement network [3]: "International compliance with the Montreal Protocol is so far resulting in CFC and chlorocarbons abundances comparable to the target level so the Protocol is working". In contrast, it is of concern that the concentrations of HCFCs and N2O, where the latter one being currently the single most important gas that depletes stratospheric ozone (see e.g.^ref. Ravishankara et al., 2009 [15], and discussions in this report), are still increasing.
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1994 Executive summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer 2010 Update written by David W. Fahey and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting the Ozone Layer written by Edward A. Parson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-03-06 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive history of international efforts to protect the ozone layer, the greatest success yet achieved in managing human impacts on the global environment. Its arguments about how this success was achieved are both theoretically novel and of great significance for the management of other global problems, particularly global climate change. The book provides an account of the ozone-depletion issues from the first attempts to develop international action in the 1970s to the mature functioning of the present international regime. It examines the parallel developments of politics and negotiations, scientific understanding and controversy, technological progress, and industry strategy that shaped the issue's development and its effective management. In addition, the book offers important new insights into how the interactions among these domains influenced the formation and adaptation of the ozone regime. Addressing the initial formation of the regime, the book argues that authoritative scientific assessments were crucial in constraining policy debates and shaping negotiated agreements. Assessments gave scientific claims an ability to change policy actors' behavior that the claims themselves, however well known and verified, lacked. Concerning subsequent adaptation of the regime, the book identifies a series of feedbacks between the periodic revision of chemical controls and the strategic responses of affected industries, which drove rapid application of new approaches to reduce ozone-depleting chemicals. These feedbacks, promoted by the regime's novel technology assessment process, allowed worldwide use of the chemicals to decline further and faster than even the boldest predictions, by nearly 95 percent within ten years.
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion 1994 No special title written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twenty Questions and Answers about the Ozone Layer written by David W. Fahey and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
